scholarly journals Diversity of fungi obtained from bats captured in urban forest fragments in Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ludwig ◽  
J. Y. Muraoka ◽  
C. Bonacorsi ◽  
F. C. Donofrio
Keyword(s):  
Urban Forest ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

Abstract Bats are important for the homeostasis of ecosystems and serve as hosts of various microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, and fungi with pathogenic potential. This study aimed to isolate fungi from biological samples obtained from bats captured in the city of Sinop (state of Mato Grosso, Brazil), where large areas of deforestation exist due to urbanization and agriculture. On the basis of the flow of people and domestic animals, 48 bats were captured in eleven urban forest fragments. The samples were processed and submitted to microbiological cultures, to isolate and to identify the fungal genera. Thirty-four (70.83%) of the captured bats were positive for fungi; 18 (37.5%) and 16 (33.33%) of these bats were female and male, respectively. Penicillium sp., Scopulariopsis sp., Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., Alternaria sp., Cryptococcus sp., Trichosporon sp., and Candida sp., which may cause opportunistic infections, were isolated. The bat species with the highest number of fungal isolates was Molossus molossus: 21 isolates (43.8%). According to our results, bats captured in urban forest fragments in Sinop harbor pathogenic fungi, increasing the risk of opportunistic fungal infections in humans and domestic animals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of pathogenic fungi occurrence in traumatogenic structures of freshwater fish

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Caetano Oliveira Leme ◽  
Marcos Mendes de Barros Negreiros ◽  
Fernando Akira Koga ◽  
Sandra de Moraes Gimenes Bosco ◽  
Eduardo Bagagli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dematiaceous Fungi ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Infection Route ◽  
5.8S Rdna ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Pimelodus Maculatus

INTRODUCTION: Fungal infections in human skin, such as sporotrichosis, can occur after fish induced trauma. This work aimed to identify fungi in freshwater fish that are pathogenic to humans. METHODS: Extraction of dental arches from Serrassalmus maculatus (piranha) and Hoplias malabaricus (wolf fish), stings from Pimelodus maculatus (mandis catfish), dorsal fin rays from Plagioscion spp. (corvina) and Tilapia spp., for culture in Mycosel agar. Some cultures were submitted to DNA extraction for molecular identification by sequencing ITS-5.8S rDNA. RESULTS: Cultures identified most yeast as Candida spp., while sequencing also permitted the identification of Phoma spp. and Yarrowia lipolytica. CONCLUSIONS: While the search for S. schenckii was negative, the presence of fungus of the genera Phoma and Candida revealed the pathogenic potential of this infection route. The genus Phoma is involved in certain forms of phaeohyphomycosis, a subcutaneous mycosis caused by dematiaceous fungi, with reports of infections in human organs and systems. Traumatizing structures of some freshwater fish present pathogenic fungi and this may be an important infection route that must be considered in some regions of Brazil, since there are a large number of a fisherman in constant contact with traumatogenic fish.

scholarly journals Ground spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) associated with urban forest fragments in southern Amazon

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Genefer E. R. dos Santos ◽  
Kleber Solera ◽  
Cristiano A. da Costa ◽  
Marinêz I. Marques ◽  
Antonio D. Brescovit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Spider Abundance

Abstract: Forest fragments in urban areas comprise important habitats for a wide variety of species, however, conservationist policies for their maintenance and conservation are still incipient. This study examined the richness and abundance of the ground-spider assemblage in five forest fragments, with areas ranging between 18.5 and 103.98 ha, in the urban perimeter of Sinop, northern Mato Grosso State, southern Amazon region of Brazil. Sampling was carried out using the mini-Winkler extractor and pitfall traps in the dry (July) and rainy (November) seasons of 2017. All fragments were characterized in relation to the area and the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI), to assess the effect of these variables on richness and abundance of soil spider assemblage. A total of 653 spiders were sampled, corresponding to 25 families and 52 species. Salticidae, Theridiidae, Lycosidae, Linyphiidae, Oonopidae and Symphytognathidae were the most abundant families (63.3% of the total sample). The assemblage was characterized by the dominance of hunting spiders (393 ind.; 60.2%) over web-building spiders (260 ind.; 39.8%). Greater spider abundance and richness was obtained during the rainy season (517 ind.; 79.2%; 41 spp.) as compared with the dry season (136 ind.; 20.8%; 24 spp.). Only 13 species occurred in dry and rainy season. Two species were recorded for the first time in the Amazon region, namely, Anapistula aquytabueraRheims & Brescovit, 2003 (Symphytognathidae) and Opopaea concolor (Blackwall, 1859) (Oonopidae). Species richness was not affected by IBI and area of fragment. Although the statistical model is not significant, species richness increases slightly with IBI and area of fragment. Similarly, abundance of spiders was not affected by IBI and area of fragment. Regardless of the area size, all evaluated forest fragments showed a low and regular IBI, demonstrating that these habitats have suffered with the pressures inherent from the urban perimeter, including the constant expansion of human occupation as well as misuse by the population. Nonetheless, these same fragments revealed considerable richness of species of ground spiders and can thus be categorized as important habitats for the maintenance of regional biodiversity. Therefore, action strategies must be set out to ensure their conservation.

scholarly journals The effects of fragmentation on the genetic structure of Theobroma speciosum (Malvaceae) populations

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana De Freitas Encinas Dardengo ◽  
Ana Aparecida Bandini Rossi ◽  
Tatiane Lemes Varella
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
National Park ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Fragmented Population ◽  
Forest Parks

Native Theobroma species, such as cacauhy, are losing their habitat due to the intense forest fragmentation in the Amazon region, and preserving their genetic diversity has been the main aim of many conservation programs. The aim of the present study is to assess whether fragmentation and habitat reduction affect the genetic structure and lead to genetic diversity losses in natural Theobroma speciosum populations. The study was conducted in two Mato Grosso State (Brazil) locations, namely: Apiacás and Alta Floresta counties. Juruena National Park (JNP) in Apiacás County holds a natural T. speciosum population that has not underwent anthropic influences. A population composed of individuals from three anthropized urban forest parks (UF) in Alta Floresta County was analyzed. The leaves of 75 T. speciosum individuals distributed in the urban forest fragments and of 100 individuals found in the Juruena National Park were sampled. All nine microsatellite loci showed high polymorphism levels between categories (adults and sub-adults), in both populations. The sub-adult individuals of the population (UF) in the fragmented area showed higher value (0.71), whereas the preserved population (JNP) category presented the same value (0.69). The increasing trend of estimating the fixation index towards the fragmented population was observed. The analysis of molecular variance showed 83% genetic diversity within categories; 16%, between populations; and only 1%, between categories. Although the effects were small, a persistent fragmentation process can increase the inbreeding levels and facilitate the genetic drift action. These effects may lead the T. speciosum populations to inbreeding depression, diversity loss and genetic structure change in the course of several generations.

scholarly journals Fungal-Induced Programmed Cell Death

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Williams ◽  
Luis E. Gonzales-Huerta ◽  
Darius Armstrong-James
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Pathogenicity ◽  
Cell Death Pathways ◽  
Fungal Immunity

Fungal infections are a cause of morbidity in humans, and despite the availability of a range of antifungal treatments, the mortality rate remains unacceptably high. Although our knowledge of the interactions between pathogenic fungi and the host continues to grow, further research is still required to fully understand the mechanism underpinning fungal pathogenicity, which may provide new insights for the treatment of fungal disease. There is great interest regarding how microbes induce programmed cell death and what this means in terms of the immune response and resolution of infection as well as microbe-specific mechanisms that influence cell death pathways to aid in their survival and continued infection. Here, we discuss how programmed cell death is induced by fungi that commonly cause opportunistic infections, including Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Cryptococcus neoformans, the role of programmed cell death in fungal immunity, and how fungi manipulate these pathways.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi from Some Saudi Bank Note Currency

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 715-720
Author(s):  
Abdulmoniem M. A. Saadabi ◽  
Mohammed S. Alhussaini ◽  
Abdullah A. Al-Ghanayem ◽  
Babu Joseph ◽  
Mohammed S. A-l Shuriam
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Bank Note ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Bank Notes

ABSTRACT: Saudi Bank notes in different values were critically evaluated to show the level of contamination with pathogenic bacteria and fungi using standard techniques. The fungal genera Trichophyton sp., Microsporum sp., Epidermophyton sp., Aspergillus sp., Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp., Candida sp., Phycomyces sp., Saccharomyces sp. and Cladosporium sp. were isolated and identified. The genera of bacteria that isolated were Escherichia coli, Citrobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., Streptococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Corynebacterium sp. and Staphylococcus sp. The potential of Saudi currency notes to act as environmental vehicles for transmission of pathogenic fungi & bacteria was assessed. The lower values of bank notes were highly contaminated and there is a negative correlation between bank notes value and microbial contamination. The results suggest that currency notes may be contaminated, especially with bacteria and enteric microbes and may serve as a source of contamination or infection. Personal hygiene and electronic or credit banking to reduce the risk of infection were recommended.

scholarly journals JAMUR DI PERALATAN neonATAL InTenSIve CARe unIT

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Ariani Said ◽  
Irda Handayani ◽  
Nurhayana Sennang
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

Fungus is the one of the micro organisms that causes nosocomial infections. Fungal infections are becoming more frequent occurred from the irrational use of broad spectrum antibiotics, steroids, cytostatica drugs, and chronic disease, and malignancy, babies with low birth weight and patients with decreased immunity. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is a room with specialized treatment, care and equipment to treat infants with high risk. The purpose of this study was to know by identification of the fungus species on the instrument at the NICU of dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital, Makassar at June 2011. The study design was a cross sectional one. The samples are the incubators and the Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) at the NICU of dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital. The sampling was done by rubbing swab on the incubator and CPAP. The identification of the fungus were carried out with lacto phenol cotton blue staining performed at the Central Public Health Laboratory, Makassar. The Streptomyces sp and Penicillium sp were identified at four incubators, Candida sp was identified at one incubator and so was the Aspergillus sp identified; The fungus that identified at the CPAP was only Penicillium sp. Based on this study it can be concluded that Penicillium sp, Streptomyces sp, Aspergillus sp, as well as Candida sp were found at all incubators and only Penicillium sp was found at CPAP.

scholarly journals ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI FUNGI PATOGEN DI KOLAM RENANG KOTA TANGERANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203
Author(s):  
Makhabbah Jamilatun Jamilatun ◽  
Aminah Aminah Aminah
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Public Facility ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Mold And Yeast

Swimming pool is a public facility that can be used as for recreation and exercise purposes. But the water quality is often left unknown. This research was aimed to isolate and identify the pathogenic fungi from the swimming pool in Tangerang City. It was a descriptive research with laboratory tests. The population in the study was the environment of Tangerang City swimming pool. Samples were taken by purposive sampling at several points of the pool, i.e. the pool water, tap water, shower room water, poolside, toilet wall and floor, and changing room. The results indicated that there was pathogenic fungi contamination in Tangerang City swimming pool. The pathogenic fungi were identified as mold and yeast, found in the swimming pool water: Aspergillus sp., Trichophyton sp.; shower room water: Penicillium sp., Mucor sp.; poolside: Penicillium sp.; toilet wall and floor:Mucor sp., Candida sp.; and changing room: Penicillium sp, Trichoderma sp, Candida sp. The presence of pathogenic fungi in this pool might be caused by contamination of fungal airborne spore, pool users, birds or cats droppings, as well as the temperature and humidity factors that support fungi growth.

IDENTIFIKASI JENIS JAMUR PATOGEN UNTUK PENGENDALIAN RAYAP TANAH Coptotermes sp.

PERENNIAL ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Astuti Arif ◽  
. Syahidah ◽  
Sitti Nuraeni
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
The World ◽  
Identification Of Fungi ◽  
Screening And Identification ◽  
Termite Attack ◽  
Penicillium Brevicompactum ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

Fungi have a great diversity and wide distribution at the world. It can be used as the alternative technology for controlling of subterranean termite attack, particularly genus Coptotermes knowned as the wooden destructive organism, by using entomophatogenic fungi. For the purpose of the study, several isolate sources were taken from some locations. The results show that eight numbers of pathogenic fungi was founded by screening and identification of fungi taken from 19 numbers of isolate sources. The pathogenic fungi were Beauveria sp., Penicillium brevicompactum, P. rubrum, Paecilomyces fulvus, Fusarium verticolloides, Pythium sp., and Aspergillus sp. Key words: Jamur entomopatogen, Coptotermes sp.

Synthesis and Biological Activity of 3-(substitutedphenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine: Part II

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niranjan Kaushik ◽  
Nitin Kumar ◽  
Anoop Kumar ◽  
Vikas Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Mass Spectral Data ◽  
Triazole Derivatives ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Spectral Data Analysis

Background: Fungal infections are opportunistic infections that become a serious problem to human health. Objective: Considering the antifungal potential of triazole nucleus, the study was carried out with the objective to synthesize some novel triazole derivatives with antifungal potential. Method: 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were synthesized via a two step reaction (reported earlier). The first step involves reaction of substituted benzoic acid with thiocarbohydrazide to form 4-amino-3-(substituted phenyl)-5-mercapto-1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives (1a-1k) while in second step, synthesized compounds (1a-1k) were then subsequently treated with substituted acetophenone to yield substituted (4-methoxyphenyl-7H-[1, 2, 4] triazolo [3, 4-b][1,3,4] thiadiazine derivatives (2a-2k). All synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and Mass spectral data analysis and were screened for their antifungal properties against different fungal strains i.e. Candida tropicalis (ATCC-13803, ATCC-20913), Candida albicans (ATCC-60193), Candida inconspicua (ATCC-16783) and Candida glabrata (ATCC-90030, ATCC-2001). Results: Compound 2d displayed better percentage inhibition (26.29%, 24.81%) than fluconazole (24.44%, 22.96%) against ATCC-16783, ATCC-2001 fungal strains respectively at 100µg/ml. Compound 2f also displayed better percentage inhibition (28.51%) against ATCC-90030 as compared to fluconazone (27.4%) at 200 µg/ml. Similarly, compounds 2e and 2j also exhibited better antifungal properties than fluconazole at 200µg/ml. Compound 2e was found most potent against ATCC13803 (30.37%) and ATCC-90030 (30.37%) fungal strains as compared to fluconazole (28.14%, 27.4%) at 200 µg/ml respectively whereas compound 2j exhibited better antifungal activity (28.51%) against ATCC-60193 than fluconazole (27.7%) at 200 µg/ml. Conclusion: The results were in accordance with our assertions for triazole derivatives, as all compounds displayed moderate to good antifungal activity.

scholarly journals Herbal Products and Their Active Constituents Used Alone and in Combination with Antifungal Drugs against Drug-Resistant Candida sp.

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 655
Author(s):  
Anna Herman ◽  
Andrzej Przemysław Herman
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Membrane Transporters ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Current State

Clinical isolates of Candida yeast are the most common cause of opportunistic fungal infections resistant to certain antifungal drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to detect more effective antifungal agents that would be successful in overcoming such infections. Among them are some herbal products and their active constituents.The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge onherbal products and their active constituents havingantifungal activity against drug-resistant Candida sp. used alone and in combination with antifungal drugs.The possible mechanisms of their action on drug-resistant Candida sp. including (1) inhibition of budding yeast transformation into hyphae; (2) inhibition of biofilm formation; (3) inhibition of cell wall or cytoplasmic membrane biosynthesis; (4) ROS production; and (5) over-expression of membrane transporters will be also described.

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