scholarly journals Brain abscess of odontogenic origin in patients with malignant tumors: A report of two cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Teishiki Shibata ◽  
Nobukazu Hashimoto ◽  
Atsuhiko Okura ◽  
Mitsuhito Mase
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Oral Infection ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Causative Microorganism ◽  
Odontogenic Origin ◽  
Brain Abscesses ◽  
Normal Bacterial Flora

Background: Oral infection and dental manipulations can lead to the development of brain abscesses, a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. Herein, we report patients undergoing cancer treatment who developed brain abscesses of odontogenic origin at our hospital. Case Description: Two patients developed brain abscesses during cancer treatment. Both underwent neurosurgical aspiration, and the causative microorganism was identified as Streptococcus intermedius of the Streptococcus anginosus group, which is a part of the normal bacterial flora in the oral cavity. There was clinical and radiographic evidence of dental infection in one of the patients diagnosed with a brain abscess of odontogenic origin. No infectious foci were found in the other patient during hospitalization for the abscess. However, the patient had undergone extraction of an infected tooth approximately 3 months before admission for the abscess, suggesting origination from an oral infection or dental manipulation. The patients’ cancers rapidly worsened because cancer treatment in both patients was interrupted for several months to treat the brain abscess. Conclusion: Oral infections can cause severe infections, such as brain abscesses, particularly during the treatment of malignant tumors. Improving the oral environment or treating oral infections before initiating treatment for malignant tumors is highly recommended. In addition, the possibility of odontogenic origin should always be considered as a potential etiology of brain abscesses.

scholarly journals Multiple Brain Abscesses of Odontogenic Origin. May Oral Microbiota Affect Their Development? A Review of the Current Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3316
Author(s):  
Nicola Montemurro ◽  
Paolo Perrini ◽  
Walter Marani ◽  
Bipin Chaurasia ◽  
Massimo Corsalini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Odontogenic Infections ◽  
Odontogenic Origin ◽  
Brain Abscesses ◽  
Systemic Infections ◽  
Systemic Condition

In the last few years, the role of oral microbiota in the setting of oral diseases such as caries, periodontal disease, oral cancer and systemic infections, including rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease and brain abscess (BA), has attracted the attention of physicians and researchers. Approximately 5–7% of all BAs have an odontogenic origin, representing an important pathological systemic condition with a high morbidity and mortality. A systematic search of two databases (Pubmed and Ovid EMBASE) was performed for studies published up to 5 January 2021, reporting multiple BAs attributed to an odontogenic origin. According to PRISMA guidelines, we included a total of 16 papers reporting multiple BAs due to odontogenic infections. The aim of this review is to investigate the treatment modality and the clinical outcome of patients with multiple BAs due to odontogenic infections, as well as to identify the most common pathogens involved in this pathological status and their role, in the oral microbiota, in the onset of oral infections. A multidisciplinary approach is essential in the management of multiple BAs. Further studies are required to understand better the role of microbiota in the development of multiple BAs.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus species As a Cause of Urinary Tract Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-217
Author(s):  
Mursheda Akter ◽  
Rubeyatul Jannnat ◽  
Tasfia Tasnim Nova
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Causative Microorganism ◽  
Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Normal Bacterial Flora ◽  
Spore Forming Bacteria ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

Lactobacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria.1 In human, they constitute a significant component of microbial flora at a number of body sites, such as the digestive system, urinary system, and genital system. Lactobacillus species are normally a major part of the vaginal microbial flora.2,3,4 As a normal bacterial flora of the vagina the organisms are typically considered contaminants when cultured from urine specimens of female patients. Here we describe the case of a female patient with chronic pyuria and urinary tract symptoms in which Lactobacillus spp. was determined to be the causative microorganism. After proper treatment the patient gets well soon. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.2, October, 2018, Page 215-217

scholarly journals Cerebral Abscess Potentially of Odontogenic Origin

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marouene Ben Hadj Hassine ◽  
Lamia Oualha ◽  
Amine Derbel ◽  
Nabiha Douki
Keyword(s):  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Odontogenic Infection ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Antibiotic Regimen ◽  
Abscess Drainage ◽  
Microscopic Identification ◽  
Relative Paucity ◽  
Cerebellar Abscess ◽  
Odontogenic Origin ◽  
Brain Abscesses

Odontogenic origins are rarely implicated in the formation of brain abscesses. The relative paucity of this kind of infection and the difficulty in matching the causative microorganisms of a brain abscess to an odontogenic source can explain the late management of patients. We herein describe a case of a 46-year-old man with a cerebellar abscess that was probably due to an odontogenic infection. The diagnosis supported by imaging and microscopic identification, mini craniectomy for abscess drainage followed by eradication of all potential dental infectious foci, and an antibiotic regimen based on cephalosporins, metronidazole, and vancomycine contributed to a successful outcome.

scholarly journals Brain Abscess Caused by Nocardia: Case Report and Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Finger ◽  
Maria Eduarda Conte Gripa ◽  
Tiago Paczko Bozko Cecchini ◽  
Tobias Ludwig do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Rare Clinical Entity ◽  
Brain Abscesses

AbstractNocardia brain abscess is a rare clinical entity, accounting for 2% of all brain abscesses, associated with high morbidity and a mortality rate 3 times higher than brain abscesses caused by other bacteria. Proper investigation and treatment, characterized by a long-term antibiotic therapy, play an important role on the outcome of the patient. The authors describe a case of a patient without neurological comorbidities who developed clinical signs of right occipital lobe impairment and seizures, whose investigation demonstrated brain abscess caused by Nocardia spp. The patient was treated surgically followed by antibiotic therapy with a great outcome after 1 year of follow-up.

scholarly journals Listeria monocytogenes Brain Abscess: Controversial Issues for the Treatment—Two Cases and Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Tiri ◽  
Giulia Priante ◽  
Lavinia Maria Saraca ◽  
Lucia Assunta Martella ◽  
Stefano Cappanera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Biopsy Material ◽  
Brain Abscesses ◽  
System Manifestation

Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is an opportunistic pathogen, and the most common central nervous system manifestation is meningitis while listerial brain abscesses are rare. We describe 2 cases of brain abscess due to LM and a literature review. Only 73 cases were reported in the literature from 1968 to 2017. The mean age was 51.9, and the mortality rate was 27.3%. In 19% of cases, no risk factors for neurolisteriosis were identified. Blood cultures were positive in 79.5% while CSF or brain abscess biopsy material was positive in 50.8%. In 40% was started a monotherapy regimen while in 60% a combination therapy without substantial differences in mortality. Fifty-two percent underwent neurosurgery while 45.3% has been treated only with medical therapy. The mortality rates were, respectively, 13% and 38.2%. Only 25% of patients who were treated for ≤6 weeks underwent neurosurgery, while 80% of those who were treated for ≥8 weeks were operated. The mortality rates were, respectively, 12.5% and 0%, suggesting that a combined approach of surgery and prolonged medical therapy would have an impact on mortality. We believe that it is essential to carry out this review as brain abscesses are rare, and there are no definitive indications on the optimal management, type, and duration of therapy.

Brain Abscess of Odontogenic Origin

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2363-2365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Azoubel Antunes ◽  
Thiago de Santana Santos ◽  
Ricardo Wathson Feitosa de Carvalho ◽  
Rafael Linard Avelar ◽  
Carlos Umberto Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Odontogenic Origin

Brain Abscess and Spinal Epidural Abscess

2019 ◽  
pp. 642-648
Author(s):  
Selby G. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Epidural Abscess ◽  
Spinal Epidural Abscess ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Brain Abscesses ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Spinal Epidural ◽  
The Brain

Two infections of the brain are relatively common. Patients with brain abscess are often critically ill and have a high mortality rate. The reported incidence of brain abscesses ranges from 0.4 to 0.9 per 100,000 people. In contrast, spinal epidural abscess (SEA), an infection of the epidural space, has increased in incidence from approximately 0.2 to 1.2 per 10,000 hospital admissions in the mid-1970s to a currently estimated 2.0 to 12.5 per 10,000 admissions. Both disorders are now more easily detected with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and this has improved early management, but clinical recognition is still a challenge for many physicians.

Natural and innate immunity

2011 ◽  
pp. 151-153
Author(s):  
Dr Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Normal Bacterial Flora

1.1 Barriers to infection, 151 1.2 Normal bacterial flora, 152 1.3 Phagocytes and complement, 152 • Anatomical barrier physically preventing invasion of microorganisms. • Chemical barrier providing unfavourable conditions for most organisms to survive due to: ▪ Free fatty acids produced by the sebaceous glands and skin flora...

scholarly journals Tuberculous brain abscess in a patient with AIDS: case report and literature review

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
José E. Vidal ◽  
Sérgio Cimerman ◽  
Paula R. Marques da Silva ◽  
Jaques Sztajnbok ◽  
João F.G.S. Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Toxoplasmic Encephalitis ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Stereotactic Aspiration ◽  
Antituberculous Treatment ◽  
Brain Abscesses ◽  
Tuberculous Brain Abscess ◽  
Tomography Scan

Tuberculous brain abscesses in AIDS patients are considered rare with only eight cases reported in the literature. We describe the case of a 34-year-old woman with AIDS and previous toxoplasmic encephalitis who was admitted due to headache and seizures. A brain computed tomography scan disclosed a frontal hypodense lesion with a contrast ring enhancement. Brain abscess was suspected and she underwent a lesion puncture through a trepanation. The material extracted was purulent and the acid-fast smear was markedly positive. Timely medical and surgical approaches allowed a good outcome. Tuberculous abscesses should be considered in the differential diagnosis of focal brain lesions in AIDS patients. Surgical excision or stereotactic aspiration, and antituberculous treatment are the mainstay in the management of these uncommon lesions.

scholarly journals Validation of a real-time PCR assay for high-throughput detection of Avibacterium paragallinarum in chicken respiratory sites

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 714-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin A. Clothier ◽  
Simone Stoute ◽  
Andrea Torain ◽  
Beate Crossley
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Single Tube ◽  
Avibacterium Paragallinarum ◽  
Normal Bacterial Flora ◽  
Close Relatives

Avibacterium paragallinarum is the causative agent of infectious coryza, a highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens. Given its fastidious nature, this bacterium is difficult to recover and identify, particularly from locations colonized by normal bacterial flora. Standard PCR methods have been utilized for detection but are labor-intensive and not feasible for high-throughput testing. We evaluated a real-time PCR (rtPCR) method targeting the HPG-2 region of A. paragallinarum, and validated a high-throughput extraction for this assay. Using single-tube extraction, the rtPCR detected 4 A. paragallinarum (ATCC 29545T and 3 clinical) isolates with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 cfu/mL and a PCR efficiency of 89–111%. Cross-reaction was not detected with 33 non– A. paragallinarum, all close relatives from the family Pasteurellaceae. Real-time PCR testing on extracts of 66 clinical samples (choana, sinus, or trachea) yielded 98.2% (35 of 36 on positives, 30 of 30 on negatives) agreement with conventional PCR. Duplicate samples tested in a 96-well format extraction in parallel with the single-tube method produced equivalent LOD on all A. paragallinarum isolates, and 96.8% agreement on 93 additional clinical samples extracted with both procedures. This A. paragallinarum rtPCR can be utilized for outbreak investigations and routine monitoring of susceptible flocks.

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