The nature of eculizumab monoclonal antibody and its potential against coronavirus infection COVID‑19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Д.А. Кудлай ◽  
Б.А. Бакиров ◽  
В.Н. Павлов
Keyword(s):  
Complement System ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Complement System

В настоящее время серьезной проблемой в мире остается продолжающееся распространение новой коронавирусной инфекции — COVID‑19. Всемирная организация здравоохранения 11.03.2020 объявила о пандемии COVID‑19. Возбудителем заболевания является SARS-CoV‑2 — оболочечный одноцепочечный (+) РНК-вирус из рода бета-коронавирусов. Активация системы комплемента, включая компонент С5а, принимает участие в развитии острого воспалительного процесса в легких, вызванного патогенными вирусами. В ходе доклинических исследований выявлен факт избыточной активации системы комплемента при коронавирусной инфекции. Экулизумаб полностью ингибирует C5‑опосредованную активность терминального комплекса комплемента, что позволило предположить его эффективность в лечении повреждения легких, тяжелых пневмоний и острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома у больных COVID‑19. Представлены клинические случаи эффективного применения экулизумаба у больных COVID‑19, начиная с первых дней лечения. В настоящее время одобрены клинические исследования эффективности и безопасности экулизумаба, а также аналогичного комплемент-блокирующего препарата в лечении больных с новой коронавирусной инфекцией. At present, the continuing spread of a new coronavirus infection, COVID‑19, remains a serious problem in the world. The World Health Organization announced the COVID‑19 pandemic on 11.03.2020. The causative agent of the disease is SARS-CoV‑2, a single- stranded (+) RNA virus from the genus of beta-coronaviruses. Activation of the complement system, including the C5а component, is involved in the development of acute inflammatory process in the lungs caused by pathogenic viruses. Preclinical studies have revealed the fact of excessive activation of the complement system in coronavirus infection. Eculizumab completely inhibits the C5‑mediated activity of the terminal complement complex that suggests its effectiveness in the treatment of lung damage, severe pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID‑19 patients. Clinical cases of eculizumab effective use in patients with COVID‑19, starting from the first days of treatment, are presented. Currently, clinical studies of the efficacy and safety of eculizumab, as well as similar complement-blocking drug in the treatment of patients with a new coronavirus infection have been approved.

CORONOVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19. MASKS (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Semen Kireev ◽  
I. Popov ◽  
A. Ban'kovskiy ◽  
E. Litvinenko ◽  
E. Surova
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
International Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
Regional Director ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

At the end of 2019, an outbreak of a new coronavirus infection occurred in the People's Re-public of China with an epicenter in the city of Wuhan (Hubei province). On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization has assigned the official name of the infection caused by the new coronavirus - COVID-19 ("Coronavirus disease2019"). On February 11, 2020, the International Committee on Virus Taxonomy gave the official name to the infectious agent - SARS-CoV-2.Since the end of January 2020, cases of COVID-19 have begun to be registered in many coun-tries of the world, mainly associated with travel to the PRC. At the end of February 2020, the epidemiological situation with COVID-19 in South Korea, Iran and Italy sharply worsened, which subsequently led to a significant increase in the number of cases in other countries of the world associated with travel to these countries, incl. and in Russia. The World Health Organiza-tion announced the COVID-19 pandemic on 11 March 2020, and the pandemic's challenge to the world will remain so as long as people are not immune to it.The Regional Director of the World Health Organization Takeshi Kasai, on the basis of an epidemiological analysis, reports that the spread of coronavirus infection COVID-19 in July-August 2020 occurred mainly among people under 50 years old, and they often did not even know about it, because they had mild or no symptoms. In the future, these people then infect older people who are more difficult to tolerate COVID-19. And we need to redouble our efforts to prevent the spread of the virus in vulnerable communities.

scholarly journals Covid-19 and Pregnancy: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (07) ◽  
pp. 420-426
Author(s):  
Pedro Castro ◽  
Ana Paula Matos ◽  
Heron Werner ◽  
Flávia Paiva Lopes ◽  
Gabriele Tonni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Present Review ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractSince the World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus infection (COVID-19) a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in January 2020, there have been many concerns about pregnant women and the possible effects of this emergency with catastrophic outcomes in many countries. Information on COVID-19 and pregnancy are scarce and spread throughout a few case series, with no more than 50 cases in total. The present review provides a brief analysis of COVID-19, pregnancy in the COVID-19 era, and the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE SPECIFIC CONTRIBUTION OF SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS TO THE SPREAD OF COVIND-19 VIRUS IN THE RUSSIAN REGIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 245-249
Author(s):  
S.A. Yeprintsev ◽  
◽  
O.V. Klepikov ◽  
S.V. Shekoyan ◽  
E.V. Zhigulina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Specific Contribution

The spread of the dangerous Covid-19 infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus since the end of 2019 has become a great challenge to both the world and Russian society. For example, on January 30, 2020, the world health organization recognized the spread of a new infection as a public health emergency of international significance. On March 11, 2020, the same organization declared that the outbreak had become a pandemic. currently, the role of social and environmental factors (which determine the spread of many environmentally-related diseases) in the spread of coronavirus infection in the population has not been fully studied. The spread of Covid-19 infection in Russia can be divided into 3 stages. Stage 1 (31.01.2020–01.04.2020) – primary distribution. At this stage, the infection occurred mainly to Russian citizens visiting other countries. Stage 2 (1.04.2020– 12.05.2020) – active distribution within the country. By the end of this stage, the maximum spread of infection is recorded. Stage 3 (12.05.2020-present) – gradual decline in the appearance of new cases of coronavirus infection. To assess the specific contribution of socio-environmental conditions to the spread of coronavirus infection, data from the Federal information Fund for social and hygienic monitoring of the Federal CENTER for hygiene and epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor were analyzed on indicators of financial security of citizens, quality of health care and sanitary and hygienic conditions. Research has shown that financial security of the population makes a significant contribution to the spread of infection at the first stages. The specific contribution of the quality of medical care, which has a wide differentiation within the regions of Russia, affects only the third stage of the spread of coronavirus infection. Environmental and hygiene indicators make a weak contribution to the spread of Covid-19 in all three stages of the epidemic.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Cardiovascular Complications Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
Daniele Melo Sardinha ◽  
Karla Valéria Batista Lima ◽  
Thalyta Mariany Rêgo Lopes Ueno ◽  
Yan Correa Rodrigues ◽  
Juliana Conceição Dias Garcez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Cardiopulmonary System

Cardiovascular Diseases represent the main cause of death in the world, and are associated with risk factors that cause serious complications in cases of infections, such as those of the respiratory tract. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared a pandemic for SARS-CoV-2, a new coronavirus causing severe pneumonia, which emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The objective is to investigate the occurrence of cardiovascular complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is a systematic review, quantitative, in the databases, PubMed and Science direct, including primary studies with hospitalized patients confirmed for COVID-19 and who presented cardiovascular complications, the form used tools for evaluation of quality and evidence, following the PRISMA recommendations. Results: 12 studies were included. The occurrence of cardiovascular complications was: 27.35% of the sample of 3,316 patients. Types: Acute cardiac injury 17.09%; Thromboembolism 4.73%; Heart failure 3.43%; Arrhythmias 1.77%; stroke 0.33%. Mean age 61 years. Conclusions: This study showed that there are several cardiovascular complications associated with SARS-CoV-2, that the main one is acute cardiac injury, which causes several instabilities in the cardiopulmonary system, and that it is associated with mortality.

Global Pandemic of a Century: A Review on the Coronavirus (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Jitendra Mehta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province, China. While the outbreak in China is almost over, this highly contagious disease is currently spreading across the world with a daily increase in the number of affected countries, confirmed cases, and infection-related deaths. In January, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the outbreak of COVID-19 constituted a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Based on the high levels of global spread and the severity of COVID-19, on 11 March 2020, the Director-General of the WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. COVID-19 is an acute respiratory disease caused by a newly emerged zoonotic coronavirus. A positive-sense enveloped single-stranded RNA virus, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been isolated from a patient with pneumonia and connected to the cluster of acute respiratory illness cases from Wuhan. The virus is transmitted from human to human via droplets coughed or exhaled by infected persons and by touching droplet-contaminated surfaces or objects and then touching the eyes, nose, or mouth. Population groups that have been more frequently reported as having severe disease and a higher mortality rate include people aged over 60 years, males, people with underlying conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer. Current estimates suggest a median incubation period of five to six days for COVID-19, with a range of one to 14 days. Disease-specific pharmaceuticals and vaccines are still under research and development. The therapeutic use of convalescent plasma donated by patients recovered from COVID-19 might play a role in the efforts to find a possible treatment for COVID-19. Keywords: Coronavirus, COVID-19, WHO, SARS-Cov-2, Zoonotic.

scholarly journals Poor adherence to the World Health Organization guidelines of treatment of severe pneumonia in children at Khartoum, Sudan

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Eldin M Salih ◽  
Jalal A Bilal ◽  
Mona A Alfadeel ◽  
Yassin Hamid ◽  
Widad Eldouch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Poor Adherence ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

scholarly journals Medical and social rehabilitation for new coronavirus infection (covid-19). temporal methodological recommendations of the Russian Federation and European countries (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Elena Y. Lapina ◽  
Anatoly A. Yakushev
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
International Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Health Organization

At the end of 2019, the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) faced an outbreak of a new coronavirus infection, the causative agent of which was given the name 2019-nCoV. Subsequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 11, 2020 gave the official name of the infection COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019). The International Committee for Taxonomy of Viruses has named the causative agent SARS-CoV-2. The virus quickly spread throughout the world and acquired the status of an epidemic. It was necessary to develop algorithms for rapid diagnosis, provision of specialized medical care, as well as rehabilitation and prevention of recurrence. At the moment, all data is accumulated in real time. And the information on rehabilitation and prevention of re-infection is completely minimal.

scholarly journals Coronaviral infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Dmitry O. Ivanov ◽  
Tatyana M. Chernova ◽  
Elena B. Pavlova ◽  
Vladimir N. Timchenko ◽  
Elena V. Barakina
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Acute Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus infection (CVI) is a group of acute ubiquitous infectious diseases known since the 60s 19 century. The clinical picture of CVI is characterized by damage to the respiratory system from mild forms of acute respiratory viral infection to the development of a severe acute respiratory syndrome, as well as involvement of other organs in the pathological process of the gastrointestinal tract. For a long time, coronaviruses were not given attention, since it was believed that they were able to cause only mild respiratory diseases. It is known that children and adolescents are less susceptible to infection than adults. In the etiological structure of acute respiratory viral infections among hospitalized children, coronaviruses account for 69%. The introduction of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the inclusion of coronaviruses in practice has shown their role in the occurrence of severe diseases of the lower respiratory tract. Since 2002, outbreaks of coronavirus infection caused by previously unknown pathogens (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2) have been observed in the world. New coronaviruses have genetic features and are relatively highly resistant in the environment. The diseases they cause are distinguished by the predominance of severe forms with high mortality due to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. In December 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus began in China; in February 2020, the disease was called COVID-2019. In connection with the trend towards the global spread of new infections March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization announced a pandemic. The lecture covers the issues of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus infection, taking into account the emergence of new pathogens.

scholarly journals Long Term Effect of COVID-19 on the Brain: Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Shreerag Devkumar ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Jha ◽  
Dhruba Hari Chandi
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Disorder ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Corona viruses (CoVs) are well-covered RNA viruses that cause enteric and respiratory infections in humans and animals. Many human CoVs have recently gained global interest because of their lethal power and high contagious power. SARS-CoV-2, or COVID-19, is a pathogenic coV that first appeared in Wuhan, China. Corona virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) created by SARS-CoV-2, has been declared as pandemic by the World Health Organization since March 11, 2020. The epidemic started in Wuhan and spread rapidly around the world. Corona virus is facing a major epidemic: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). SARS-CoV-2 is a virus closely related to SARS. Corona virus (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2 VIRUS, a complex clinical disorder characterized by severe pneumonia and acute respiratory stress syndrome. Serious and neurological disorders, such as encephalitis, coma, fever, epilepsy, and Guillain-Barré syndrome, are more common in cases of COVID-19. In addition, chronic autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases may occur in SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology and colonization of intestinal and central nervous system, as well as systemic inflammatory response during COVID-19. Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative condition that causes the development of motor and non-motor symptoms.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in ophthalmic practice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
KhP Takhchidi ◽  
NKh Takhchidi ◽  
MKh Movsesian
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization

The end of 2019 in China was marked by the breakout of the new Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Gradually, the infection spread around the world and in March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Covid-19 a pandemic. The new coronavirus disease 2019 is highly contagious, causing respiratory distress syndrome and poses a huge threat to public health, especially in patients. with serious concomitant diseases such as diabetes mellitus, bronchial asthma, hypertension, etc. Many scientists have put forward the idea that COVID-19 can be transmitted through the eyes through contact and everyday life. Over the past six months, works on the ocular manifestations of coronavirus infection have begun to appear in the literature. We conducted a systematic review of scientific articles from the PubMed, e-Library, Scopus databases in order to conduct a meta-analysis of the effect of coronavirus infection on the eyes and its ophthalmological manifestations.

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