scholarly journals Endogenous intoxication associated with anesthetic preconditioning in hemorrhagic hypotension

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
А.В. Ефремов ◽  
Т.П. Храмых ◽  
Л.О. Барская
Keyword(s):  
Male Rats ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Sevoflurane Anesthesia ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hemorrhagic Hypotension ◽  
Anesthetic Preconditioning ◽  
Endogenous Intoxication ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
Systemic Endotoxemia ◽  
The Common

Актуальность. Интерес к возможности уменьшения эндогенной интоксикации при острой массивной кровопотере, сопровождающей обширные сочетанные травмы и оперативные вмешательства, растёт. Феномен анестезиологического прекондиционирования обсуждается активно, так как появилась возможность дополнительной протекции различных органов и систем организма. Цель исследования: оценка параметров эндогенной интоксикации на фоне анестезиологического прекондиционирования севофлюраном при геморрагической гипотензии. Материалы и методы. Эксперимент выполнен на 100 белых беспородных крысах-самцах: 2 группы контроля (по 10 интактных животных, получавших наркоз эфиром или севофлюраном), 2 опытные группы (по 40 крыс в условиях геморрагической гипотензии на фоне наркоза эфиром или севофлюраном). Далее исследовали содержание веществ низкой и средней молекулярной массы в крови общей сонной артерии у интактных крыс и в опытных группах через 15, 30, 60 и 120 мин геморрагической гипотензии. Рассчитывали пептидно-нуклеотидный коэффициент и коэффициент ароматичности для качественной оценки пула веществ. Статистическую значимость полученных показателей определяли с использованием непараметрического критерия Манна-Уитни. Результаты. Выявлено снижение показателей эндогенной интоксикации анаболического и катаболического пулов в группах животных, получавших севофлюран. Величина пептидно-нуклеотидного коэффициента в крови была ниже только на 15-й мин геморрагической гипотензии в условиях наркоза севофлюраном, по сравнению с опытной группой крыс, получавших эфир. Заключение. У интактных животных при применении севофлюрана для анестезии эндогенная интоксикация выражена слабее, чем при использовании диэтилового эфира. В условиях геморрагической гипотензии показатели эндогенной интоксикации ниже на фоне наркоза севофлюраном, что позволяет констатировать факт системной цитопротекции, а, значит, реализацию эффекта анестезиологического прекондиционирования. Background. Interest in the possibility of reducing endogenous intoxication in acute massive blood loss is growing. The phenomenon of anesthetic preconditioning has been actively discussed since a possibility of additional protection of various organs and systems has appeared. The aim of this study was to assess parameters of endogenous intoxication associated with anesthetic preconditioning with sevoflurane in hemorrhagic hypotension. Materials and methods. Experiments were carried out on 100 white outbred male rats divided into two control groups (10 intact rats in each group anesthetized with ether or sevoflurane) and two experimental groups (40 rats in each group with hemorrhagic hypotension induced during anesthesia with ether or sevoflurane). After 15, 30, 60, and 120 min of hemorrhagic hypotension, the blood content of low and medium molecular weight substances was measured in the blood from the common carotid artery of control and experimental rats. The peptide-nucleotide coefficient and the aromaticity coefficient were calculated for qualitative assessment of the substance pool. Statistical analysis was performed with the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. Results. Indices of endogenous intoxication of anabolic and catabolic pools were decreased in the groups receiving sevoflurane. The blood peptide-nucleotide coefficient was decreased only at 15 min of hemorrhagic hypotension during sevoflurane anesthesia compared to the experimental group receiving ether. Conclusions. In control animals anesthetized with sevoflurane for anesthesia, systemic endotoxemia was less pronounced than in the diethyl ether group. In hemorrhagic hypotension, indexes of endogenous intoxication were lower for sevoflurane anesthesia, which evidenced systemic cytoprotection, and, thus, occurrence of the effect of anesthetic preconditioning.

Dynamics of chemiluminescence in the small intestine during anesthetic preconditioning in hemorrhagic hypotension

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
А.В. Ефремов ◽  
Т.П. Храмых ◽  
Н.В. Говорова ◽  
П.А. Ермолаев
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
White Male ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ether Group ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Hemorrhagic Hypotension ◽  
Sevoflurane Group ◽  
Anesthetic Preconditioning

Введение. Ведущим патогенетическим фактором массивной кровопотери является гипоксия, инициирующая активацию процессов свободнорадикального окисления (СРО) в органах и тканях и системный воспалительный ответ. Показано, что одним из универсальных звеньев формирования множественной органной дисфункции при кровопотере является изменение проницаемости кишечной стенки с транслокацией микрофлоры и токсинов в системный кровоток на фоне реперфузии. В последнее время внимание исследователей привлекает эффект анестетического прекондиционирования, в том числе при операциях, сопровождающихся геморрагической гипотензией (ГГ). Цель исследования - оценка в эксперименте динамики процессов СРО в тонкой кишке при геморрагической гипотензии на фоне применения анестетика севофлурана, обладающего эффектом анестетического прекондиционирования. Методика. Эксперименты проведены на 105 белых крысах-самцах. ГГ моделировали, используя в 1-й группе в качестве анестетика эфир во 2-й - анестетик севофлуран. Контролем служили 2 группы интактных животных: одна - с эфиром, другая - с севофлураном. Для оценки процессов СРО через 15 мин, 30 мин, 1 ч, 2 ч ГГ забирали фрагменты тонкой кишки. Исследование хемилюминесценции (ХЛ) гомогенатов тонкой кишки проводили по методу Р.Р. Фархутдинова, используя хемилюминомер “Флюорат АБЛФ-2Т”. Регистрировались показатели СРО: спонтанная светимость (СС), вспышка (В), светосумма (С∑). Результаты. Через 15 мин ГГ (2-я группа,. севофлуран) обнаружено повышение показателя СС в тощей кишке на 33%; снижение показателя В в 12-пк в 2 раза, в тощей и подвздошной кишке - на 24 и 36% соответственно. Показатель С∑ снижался в 12-пк на 36%, в тощей и подвздошной кишке - на 45% и 52% соответственно по сравнению с 1-й группой (эфир). На 30-й мин показатель СС в тощей кишке повышался на 80%. На фоне ГГ при применении севофлурана отмечено снижение показателя В в 12-пк на 38%, в тощей кишке на 22%, а в подвздошной в 3 раза. Через 1 ч ГГ при использовании севофлурана наблюдалось повышение СС в в тощей кишке в 2 раза, в 12-пк и подвздошной - на на 38% и 15% соответственно. Показатель В снижался в 12-пк на 67, в тощей - на 43%; Показатель С∑ в 12-пк и тощей кишке снижался в 2,6 и 2,5 раза, в подвздошной - на 70% по сравнению с группой «эфир». Через 2 ч ГГ в группе «севофлуран» обнаружено увеличение СС в тощей и подвздошной кишках на 80% и в 3 раза, соответственно, по сравнению с эфирным наркозом. При этом наблюдалось уменьшение С∑ в 12-п и тощей кишке - на на 24% и 15% соответственно. Заключение. На фоне ГГ наблюдается активация процессов СРО в тонкой кишке при использовании эфира; прекондиционирование анестетиком севофлураном способствовало значительному ограничению окислительного стресса в тонкой кишке крыс возможно за счет активации антиоксидантной системы. Introduction. The major pathogenetic factor of massive blood loss is hypoxia, which triggers activation of free-radical oxidation (FRO) processes in organs and tissues and the systemic inflammatory response. A universal factor of multiple organ dysfunction in blood loss is altered intestinal wall permeability with translocation of microflora and toxins into the systemic circulation during reperfusion. Recently, much of the attention has been focused on effects of anesthetic preconditioning, including during operations associated with hemorrhagic hypotension (HH). The aim of this study was to evaluate in experiment the dynamics of small intestinal FRO in HH during the use of the anesthetic sevoflurane, which has an effect of anesthetic preconditioning. Methods. Experiments were performed on 105 white male rats divided into two groups; groups 1 and 2 were exposed to HH with ether or sevoflurane as the anesthetic, respectively. Two groups of intact animals treated with ether or sevoflurane were used as the controls. Five animals died during the experiment. To evaluate FRO processes, samples of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were taken at 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h of HH. The chemiluminescence (CL) study of small intestine homogenates was performed according to the Farukhutdinov method on a Fluorate ABLF-2T chemiluninometer. The following FRO indexes were recorded: spontaneous luminosity (SL), flash (F), and light sum (L∑). Significance of differences was determined with the Mann-Whitney test. Results. In the sevoflurane group 2 compared to the ether group after 15 min of HH, SL was increased in the jejunum by 33%; F was decreased in the duodenum by 50%, in the jejunum by 24%, and in the ileum by 36%; L∑ was decreased in the duodenum by 36%, in the jejunum by 45%, and in the ileum by 52%. At 30 min, SL in the jejunum was increased by 80%. In the HH+sevoflurane group, F was decreased in the duodenum by 38%, in the jejunum by 22%, and in the ileum by 27%; L∑ in the duodenum was decreased by 44%, in the jejunum by 45%, and in the ileum by 67%. After 1 h of HH+sevofluran, SL was increased in the jejunum twofold, in the duodenum by 38% and in the ileum by 15%; F was decreased in the duodenum by 67% and in the jejunum by 43%; L∑ in the duodenum was decreased by 62%, in the jejunum by 60%, and in the ileum by 70% compared to the ether group. After 2 h of HH+sevofluran, SL was increased in the jejunum and ileum by 80% and 67%, respectively, compared to the ether group. In this process, L∑ in the duodenum was decreased by 24% and in the jejunum by 15%. Conclusion. The HH+diethyl ether exposure was associated with activation of FRO processes in the small intestine. The sevoflurane preconditioning provided a significant restriction of oxidative stress in the rat small intestine due to activation of the antioxidant system in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum at 1 h, 15 min, and 30 min of HH, respectively.

A remark on the GNSS single difference model with common clock scheme for attitude determination

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wantong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Determination ◽  
Phase Measurement ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Actual System ◽  
Carrier Phase Measurement ◽  
Gnss Receivers ◽  
Single Difference ◽  
Important Field ◽  
The Common ◽  
Specific Care

AbstractGNSS-based attitude determination technique is an important field of study, in which two schemes can be used to construct the actual system: the common clock scheme and the non-common clock scheme. Compared with the non-common clock scheme, the common clock scheme can strongly improve both the reliability and the accuracy. However, in order to gain these advantages, specific care must be taken in the implementation. The cares are thus discussed, based on the generating technique of carrier phase measurement in GNSS receivers. A qualitative assessment of potential phase bias contributes is also carried out. Possible technical difficulties are pointed out for the development of single-board multi-antenna GNSS attitude systems with a common clock.

scholarly journals C cells in the thyroid of pinealectomized rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Marcus Aurelho de Lima ◽  
Lilian Margareth Biagioni de Lima ◽  
Leandro Luís Lopes Freitas ◽  
Patrícia Fernanda Toledo Barbosa ◽  
Maria de Fátima Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
C Cells ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Outbred Strain ◽  
Rat Thyroid ◽  
Number Of Cells

PURPOSE: To study quantitatively C cells in the thyroids of non-isogenic rats to determine the possible effects of pinealectomy on the number of these cells, and consequently on the synthesis and secretion of calcitonin. METHODS: Twenty male rats of an outbred strain (200-300 g) were used in the present study. One group of 10 animals was pinealectomized 50 days prior to sacrifice. Thyroid tissue was stained for calcitonin (Dako Corporation) at a 1:1500 dilution. The number of C cells observed was expressed as number of cells/cm². Data were analyzed statistically by Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: The number of C cells in pinealectomized and normal animals ranged from 489 to 2084 per cm² and 227 to 1584 per cm², respectively, a difference that was statistically significant (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results showed consistent differences in the number of C cells after pinealectomy when compared to controls. We believe that pinealectomy increases the number of C cells in the rat thyroid.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Ekstrak Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis L.) terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Puasa Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang diInduksi Aloksan

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Hafshah . ◽  
Kristina Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
White Male ◽  
Green Tea Extract ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Bonferroni Test ◽  
Tea Extract ◽  
Post Hoc

The sufferers of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Indonesia is the highest with fourth number in the world, with a mortality rate of 1.2 million in 2012. Because of it, DM research using antihyperglycemic green tea is needed. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of green tea extracts on decreasing fasting blood glucose (KGDP) levels in alloxan-induced white male Wistar rats. Samples were 30 male rats, aged 8-12 weeks, weight ± 200 grams. Rats were grouped into 6 groups with the first group (K1) as a control, the second group (K2) induced alloxan, the third group (K3) induced alloxan with glibenclamide, the fourth group (K4), the fifth group (K5), and the sixth group (K6) induced alloxan with green tea extract as the treatment with dose of green tea extract, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg. The first, FBG level examination is done 3 days after induction of alloxan using a glucometer. Giving green tea extract was given for 16 days orally, then FBG level re-examined from the tail of rats. One Way ANOVA Test Results, there is the effectiveness of green tea extract on reducing FBG level (p = 0,000). The post hoc Bonferroni test showed that giving 800 mg/kg of green tea extract was the best dose in reducing KGDP close to normal (p = 0,000).

Plasma Surface Alloying W-Mo Low-Alloy HSS

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 3955-3958
Author(s):  
Jin Yong Xu ◽  
Yan Ping Liu ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Zhong Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Surface Alloying ◽  
Plasma Surface ◽  
The Common ◽  
Plasma Surface Alloying

The plasma surface alloying low-alloy high speed steel (HSS) is carried out in vacuum chamber where a source electrode (W-Mo) and a work piece are properly placed. By using the sputter of glow-discharge, under the common function of electric field and temperature field, ?????? the desired alloying elements (W- Mo) are sputtered from the source cathode, traveling toward the substrate. Subsequently the alloying elements deposit onto the surface of the substrate, forming alloy diffusion layer which the depth may vary from several micron to several hundreds micron. In the end a surface low-alloy HSS steel would be produced after ultra-saturation ion carbonization. The composition of the alloyed layer is equal or similar with it of low-alloy HSS. The carbonized layer, without coarse eutectic ledeburite structure, possesses high density of finely and dispersed alloy carbides with tungsten equivalent 10% above and a significant improvement in surface hardness and wear resistance. The principle of plasma surface alloying and its test results and commercial products application are introduced in this paper.

IMPLEMENTATION OF MULTIPLE-CHANNEL CAPACITIVE ECG MEASUREMENT BASED ON CONDUCTIVE FABRIC

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (06) ◽  
pp. 1350052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue-Der Lin ◽  
Ya-Hsuech Chien ◽  
Shih-Fan Wang ◽  
Cheng-Lun Tsai ◽  
Hen-Hong Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circuit Diagram ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Multiple Channel ◽  
Conductive Fabric ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Power Line Interference ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

Capacitive electrocardiogram (cECG) measurement is an attractive approach for long-term health monitoring. However, there is little literature available for the implementation of multiple-channel cECG system in standard limb leads. The circuit diagram for such a system is also rarely available in literature. This paper presents a multiple-channel limb-lead cECG system that utilized conductive fabrics as the capacitive sensors. The design criteria and the corresponding circuit diagram are described in detail. The proposed system also incorporates the capacitive driven-body (CDB) circuit to reduce the common-mode power-line interference (PLI). The presented system is verified to be stable by theoretic analysis and long-term experiments. The signals acquired by the presented system are competitive with those by commercially available electrocardiogram (ECG) machines. The feasible size and distance to the subject for the sensor made by conductive fabric have also been evaluated by a series of tests. From the test results, the sensor is suggested to be of greater than 60 cm2 in area and not more than 3 mm in distance for cECG measurement.

scholarly journals Thirty-year monitoring and statistical analysis of 50 species' germinability in genebank medium-term storage suggest specific characteristics in seed longevity

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-287
Author(s):  
Fukuhiro Yamasaki ◽  
Eiji Domon ◽  
Norihiko Tomooka ◽  
Akiko Baba-Kasai ◽  
Hiroshi Nemoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Curve ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seed Longevity ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
The Common ◽  
Censored Observations ◽  
Term Storage

A total of 401,293 germination test results accumulated over 30 years for 110,819 seed lots of 50 species and 4 sub-species stored at –1°C and 30% relative humidity was analysed to assess seed longevity. The Kaplan- Meier estimator was used to perform comprehensive analysis, including censored observations due to seed lot regeneration or substitution. The Weibull distribution was used to model the observed and censored death times for each survival curve and its parameters were used as the common indicator. Interspecific differences in seed longevity, the time until the germination percentage falls below 85% of its initial value, were observed. The shortest and longest seed longevity periods were 8.4 and 127.1 years for Panicum maximum and Cucumis sativus, respectively. Moreover, intra-specific differences in seed longevity were observed at different levels of domestication and geographical distribution of origin. For example, the average seed longevity of six-row Hordeum vulgare landraces that originated from southern Europe showed 2.5 times that of the average of this species. Here, reference materials for setting appropriate intervals of germination testing are presented.

Stability of Floating Body Using Moderate Lightweight Concrete Mixed with Crumb Rubber and Polymer

2015 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 431-434
Author(s):  
Werasak Raongjant ◽  
Meng Jing
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Floating Body ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Concrete Body ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Metacentric Height ◽  
Polymer Latex

The purposes of this research is to study the stability of floating body using moderate lightweight concrete of which the gross weight was modified by crumb rubber and polymer. The moderate lightweight concrete was prepared by replacing 10%, 20% or 30% of sand in weight with crumb rubber of size No.6 or No.26 and mixing with the fluid polymer latex in 7.5% or 15% of the weight of cement. The test results shown that the concrete 626CR10-7.5, replaced sand with 5% No.6 rubber and 5% No. 26 rubber and mixed with 7.5% polymer, had better permeable resistant. Six pieces of models in the shape of open box were produced using the common concrete and concrete 626CR10-7.5. The stability of floating concrete body was tested and the metacentric height and the period of roll were calculated based on the test data. It is concluded that the moderate lightweight concrete behaved better stability and was appropriate material for floating concrete structures.

scholarly journals Quantitative Neurotoxicology: An Assessment of the Neurotoxic Profile of Kainic Acid in Sprague Dawley Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshul Srivastava ◽  
Serguei Liachenko ◽  
Sumit Sarkar ◽  
Merle Paule ◽  
Geeta Negi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kainic Acid ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Neural Degeneration

This study consisted of a qualitative and quantitative assessment of neuropathological changes in kainic acid (KA)–treated adult male rats. Rats were administered a single 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of KA or the same volume of saline and sacrificed 24 or 48 hours posttreatment. Brains were collected, sectioned coronally (∼ 81 slices), and stained with amino cupric silver to reveal degenerative changes. For qualitative assessment of neural degeneration, sectioned material was evaluated by a board-certified pathologist, and the level of degeneration was graded based upon a 4-point scale. For measurement of quantitative neural degeneration in response to KA treatment, the HALO digital image analysis software tool was used. Quantitative measurements of specific regions within the brain were obtained from silver-stained tissue sections with quantitation based on stain color and optical density. This quantitative evaluation method identified degeneration primarily in the cerebral cortex, septal nuclei, amygdala, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus. The KA-produced neuronal degeneration in the cortex was primarily in the piriform, insular, rhinal, and cingulate areas. In the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus was found to be the most affected area. Our findings indicate global neurotoxicity due to KA treatment. Certain brain structures exhibited more degeneration than others, reflecting differential sensitivity or vulnerability of neurons to KA.

PV Module Technology and Reliability – Status and Perspectives

Green ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wirth Harry ◽  
Ferrara Claudio
Keyword(s):  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Certification Testing ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Type Approval ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
The Common ◽  
Module Efficiency ◽  
Product Costs

AbstractSolar cell processing into modules is mostly responsible for the product's reliability, has a severe impact on product costs and controls 10–15% of its efficiency. This article gives an overview on current module technology and highlights innovative approaches to reduce material cost and increase module efficiency. High potential approaches like back contact technology are those that simultaneously address cell and module technology to offer efficiency gains in the range of 10%.Module reliability expectations of 25 years or more require quality assurance beyond the common type approval standards. In its second part, the article addresses stress factors for PV modules. To ensure fast innovation cycles, accelerated aging tests are used to reproduce these stress factors in the laboratory. Results from certification testing are discussed as well as new approaches for improved testing. More realistic test results can be obtained by simulating combinations of stress factors.

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