scholarly journals Quantitative Neurotoxicology: An Assessment of the Neurotoxic Profile of Kainic Acid in Sprague Dawley Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshul Srivastava ◽  
Serguei Liachenko ◽  
Sumit Sarkar ◽  
Merle Paule ◽  
Geeta Negi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kainic Acid ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Neural Degeneration

This study consisted of a qualitative and quantitative assessment of neuropathological changes in kainic acid (KA)–treated adult male rats. Rats were administered a single 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of KA or the same volume of saline and sacrificed 24 or 48 hours posttreatment. Brains were collected, sectioned coronally (∼ 81 slices), and stained with amino cupric silver to reveal degenerative changes. For qualitative assessment of neural degeneration, sectioned material was evaluated by a board-certified pathologist, and the level of degeneration was graded based upon a 4-point scale. For measurement of quantitative neural degeneration in response to KA treatment, the HALO digital image analysis software tool was used. Quantitative measurements of specific regions within the brain were obtained from silver-stained tissue sections with quantitation based on stain color and optical density. This quantitative evaluation method identified degeneration primarily in the cerebral cortex, septal nuclei, amygdala, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus. The KA-produced neuronal degeneration in the cortex was primarily in the piriform, insular, rhinal, and cingulate areas. In the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus was found to be the most affected area. Our findings indicate global neurotoxicity due to KA treatment. Certain brain structures exhibited more degeneration than others, reflecting differential sensitivity or vulnerability of neurons to KA.

scholarly journals The Effect of Single and Triple Testicular Biopsy Using Biopty Gun on Spermatogenesis in Pubertal Rats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
Tomislav Šušnjar ◽  
Ivana Kuzmić Prusac ◽  
Ivan Švagelj ◽  
Anđela Jurišić ◽  
Tomislav Šušnjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Testicular Biopsy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The aim of this study was to compare consequences in single and triple testicular biopsy by biopty gun in pubertal rats using histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Methods: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male rats were used as the experimental model. The rats were randomly divided into three study groups. The rats from the first group (n = 12) received a single-biopsy of upper pole of the left testis, while the rats from the second group (n = 10) received triple-biopsy of upper and lower poles and lateral surface of left testis. The third group (n = 10) was a control group. On the eightieth day after the biopsy in all rats bilateral orchiectomy and funiculectomy were performed to obtain testicular tissue and sperm for analysis. The consequences of the puncture were observed by pathohistology, immunohistochemistry and semen analysis. Results: The results of the study showed lower percentage of sperm count (14.5 mill/mL vs. 16 mill/mL, p = 0.130), sperm motility (24.6% vs. 32.7%, p > 0.05), abnormal sperm (30% vs. 27%, p > 0.05), atrophic tubules (21% vs. 6%, p < 0.001), volume (1.7 mL vs. 2.28 mL, p < 0.01) and apoptotic index (1.56 vs. 1.19, p = 0.650) in the testes with a triple-biopsy compared to the testes with a single-biopsy. Semen analysis showed a borderline significant difference between the group with triple-biopsy where sperm count was lower than it in the control group (14.5 mill/mL vs. 17.5 mill/mL, p = 0.05). A single-biopsy has little effect on the testis, especially on overall fertility. A triple-biopsy showed higher degree of the testicular damage but without a significant impact on overall fertility. Semen analysis showed that single- and triple-biopsies did not have a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology. Conclusion: Biopty gun procedure is a cheap, simple and reliable method for testicular biopsy in rats without a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology.

scholarly journals Stamina-Enhancing Effects of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 096368972110354
Author(s):  
Eun-Jung Yoon ◽  
Hye Rim Seong ◽  
Jangbeen Kyung ◽  
Dajeong Kim ◽  
Sangryong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Serum Triglycerides

Stamina-enhancing effects of human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) were investigated in young Sprague-Dawley rats. Ten-day-old male rats were transplanted intravenously (IV) or intracerebroventricularly (ICV) with hADSCs (1 × 106 cells/rat), and physical activity was measured by locomotor activity and rota-rod performance at post-natal day (PND) 14, 20, 30, and 40, as well as a forced swimming test at PND 41. hADSCs injection increased the moving time in locomotor activity, the latency in rota-rod performance, and the maximum swimming time. For the improvement of physical activity, ICV transplantation was superior to IV injection. In biochemical analyses, ICV transplantation of hADSCs markedly reduced serum creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine transaminase, and muscular lipid peroxidation, the markers for muscular and hepatic injuries, despite the reduction in muscular glycogen and serum triglycerides as energy sources. Notably, hADSCs secreted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor in vitro, and increased the level of BDNF in the brain and muscles in vivo. The results indicate that hADSCs enhance physical activity including stamina not only by attenuating tissue injury, but also by strengthening the muscles via production of BDNF.

scholarly journals Notoginsenoside R1 attenuates sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-226
Author(s):  
Yibing Zhang ◽  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Yongwang Ran ◽  
Jianyou Guo ◽  
Haifeng Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Volatile Anesthetic ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Quinone Oxidoreductase ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Cell Counts

AbstractBackgroundSevoflurane, a volatile anesthetic, is known to induce widespread neuronal degeneration and apoptosis. Recently, the stress-inducible protein sestrin 2 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) have been found to regulate the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppress oxidative stress. Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1), a saponin isolated from Panax notoginseng, has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects. The effects of NGR1 against neurotoxicity induced by sevoflurane were assessed.MethodsSprague-Dawley rat pups on postnatal day 7 (PD7) were exposed to sevoflurane (3%) anesthesia for 6 h. NGR1 at doses of 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg body weight was orally administered to pups from PD2 to PD7.ResultsPretreatment with NGR1 attenuated sevoflurane-induced generation of ROS and reduced apoptotic cell counts. Western blotting revealed decreased cleaved caspase 3 and Bad and Bax pro-apoptotic protein expression. NGR1 substantially upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression along with increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 levels, suggesting Nrf2 signaling activation. Enhanced sestrin-2 and phosphorylated AMPK expression were noticed following NGR1 pretreatment.ConclusionThis study revealed the neuroprotective effects of NGR1 through effective suppression of apoptosis and ROS via regulation of apoptotic proteins and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and sestrin 2/AMPK signaling cascades.

scholarly journals Comparison of Bax and Caspase-3 Protein Expression in Liver Cells following UVB Irradiation for 7 days and Treatment of Pimpinella alpina Molk during 7 and 15 days

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-303
Author(s):  
Eni Widayati ◽  
Taufiqurrachman Nasihun ◽  
Azizah Hikma Savitri ◽  
Nurina Tyagita
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Uvb Irradiation ◽  
The Difference

Objective: The effect of Pimpinela alpina Molk (PaM) on decrease in Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression in liver cells apoptosis have been proven. However, the difference result between 7 and 15 days treatment duration of PaM need to be confirmed. This study aimed to confirm that treatment of PaM during 15 days is more effective decreasing Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression in liver cells following UVB irradiation. Methods: In the post test only control group design, 35 Sprague Dawley male rats, 300 gram body weight were divided into two arms, consisting of three groups respectively. First arm comprise Neg-7, PaM7-100, and PaM7-150. Second arm comprise Neg-15, PaM15-100, and PaM15-150. Nor-G was added as normal control neither exposed to UVB nor PaM treatment. In negative group was only radiated to UVB and PaM groups were exposed to UVB and treatment with 100, and 150 mg PaM per oral for 7 and 15 days respectively. At day 8 (first arm) and 16 (second arm), liver organ was taken and Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression assessed by Immunohistochemical staining method. Result: Post Hoc LSD analysis indicated that Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression in PaM15-100 and PaM15-150 was significant lower compared to that of Nor-G, PaM7-100, and PaM7-150, p < 0.05. Conclusion: Ttreatment of PaM with doses 100 and 150 mg for 15 days was better in decreasing Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression of liver cells following UVB irradiation. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(2) 2020 p.296-303

Mesotheliomas and Proliferative Lesions of the Testicular Mesothelium Produced in Fischer, Sprague-Dawley and Buffalo Rats by Methyl(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamine (DMN-OAc)

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Berman ◽  
J. M. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Microscopic Appearance ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose ◽  
Single Focus

A single intraperitoneal dose of methyl(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamine (13 mg/kg body weight) given to 78 5-week-old male rats induced 25 mesotheliomas; two mesotheliomas were found in 67 control rats. All mesotheliomas arose from the peritesticular mesothelium and had a typical microscopic appearance of branching papillary fronds with a collagenous core covered by one or many layers of plump tumor cells. Cytoplasm of tumor cells contained material that reacted positively to a colloidal iron stain and was labile to hyaluronidase. In addition to frank mesotheliomas, 16 lesions, which we called atypical mesothelial proliferations. were found. These consisted of a single focus of plump mesothelial cells overlying an area of thick stroma. Often these foci included short, non-branched papillary projections above the surface of adjacent normal mesothelium. Twelve of the 16 lesions occurred in methyl(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamine-treated rats.

scholarly journals Bone Regeneration Capacity of Newly Developed Uncalcined/Unsintered Hydroxyapatite and Poly-l-lactide-co-glycolide Sheet in Maxillofacial Surgery: An In Vivo Study

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Huy Xuan Ngo ◽  
Quang Ngoc Dong ◽  
Yunpeng Bai ◽  
Jingjing Sha ◽  
Shinji Ishizuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Reconstructive Surgery ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Rat Mandible

Uncalcined/unsintered hydroxyapatite and poly-l-lactide-co-glycolide (u-HA/PLLA/PGA) is a new bioresorbable nanomaterial with superior characteristics compared with current bioresorbable materials, including appropriate mechanical properties, outstanding bioactive/osteoconductive features, and remarkably shorter resorption time. Nevertheless, the bone regeneration characteristics of this nanomaterial have not been evaluated in maxillofacial reconstructive surgery. In this study, we used a rat mandible model to assess the bone regeneration ability of u-HA/PLLA/PGA material, compared with uncalcined/unsintered hydroxyapatite and poly-l-lactide acid (u-HA/PLLA) material, which has demonstrated excellent bone regenerative ability. A 4-mm-diameter defect was created at the mandibular angle area in 28 Sprague Dawley male rats. The rats were divided into three groups: u-HA/PLLA/PGA (u-HA/PLLA/PGA graft + defect), u-HA/PLLA (u-HA/PLLA graft + defect), and sham control (defect alone). At 1, 3, 8, and 16 weeks after surgeries, the rats were sacrificed and assessed by micro-computed tomography, histological analysis with hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemical analyses. The results confirmed that the accelerated bone bioactive/regenerative osteoconduction of u-HA/PLLA/PGA was comparable with that of u-HA/PLLA in the rat mandible model. Furthermore, this new regenerative nanomaterial was able to more rapidly induce bone formation in the early stage and had great potential for further clinical applications in maxillofacial reconstructive surgery.

Neonatal IL-4 exposure decreases adipogenesis of male rats into adulthood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy Ying ◽  
Thea N. Golden ◽  
Lan Cheng ◽  
Jeff Ishibashi ◽  
Patrick Seale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue

The cytokine interleukin 4 (IL-4) can increase beige adipogenesis in adult rodents. However, neonatal animals use a distinct adipocyte precursor compartment for adipogenesis compared to adults. In this study, we address whether IL-4 can induce persistent effects on adipose tissue when administered subcutaneously in the interscapular region during the neonatal period in Sprague Dawley rats. We injected IL-4 into neonatal male rats during postnatal days 1-6, followed by analysis of adipose tissue and adipocyte precursors at 2 weeks and 10 weeks of age. Adipocyte precursors were cultured and subjected to differentiation in vitro. We found that a short and transient IL-4 exposure in neonates upregulated uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) mRNA expression and decreased fat cell size in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT). Adipocyte precursors from mature rats that had been treated with IL-4 as neonates displayed a decrease in adiponectin (Adipoq) but no change in Ucp1 expression, as compared to controls. Thus, neonatal IL-4 induces acute beige adipogenesis and decreases adipogenic differentiation capacity long term. Overall, these findings indicate that the neonatal period is critical for adipocyte development and may influence the later onset of obesity.

Effects of hyperbaric oxygen pretreatment on brain antioxidant capacity in rats with decompression sickness

2021 ◽  
pp. 287-295
Author(s):  
Ya Li ◽  
◽  
Xiaona Xu ◽  
Junxiang Bao Bao ◽  
Wenlan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Metal Elements ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Brain Tissues

Objective: Decompression sickness (DCS) causes serious brain hypoxic-ischemic injury. This experiment was designed to observe whether hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) pretreatment played a neuroprotective effect in decompression sickness rat models and to explore the mechanism of protective effects. Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were pretreated with HBO2 and then underwent decompression to establish the DCS rat model. Antioxidant capacities were evaluated by detecting peroxides (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in brains. The levels of metal elements manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) in brain tissues were assessed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Necrosis and apoptosis of neurons were assessed by H-E staining and immunohistochemical staining. Results: HBO2 pretreatment reduced the degree of necrosis and apoptosis in brain tissues of decompression sickness rat models. In addition, HBO2 pretreatment increased GPx, SOD and CAT activities and reduced MDA accumulation. It also increased the content of Mn, Zn, Fe and Mg in brain tissue, which are all related to free radical metabolism. Conclusion: These results suggested that HBO2 pretreatment has protective effects on brain injury of rats with decompression sickness. The mechanism of the protective effects may be related to reducing oxidative damage by affecting metal elements in vivo.

IgG modulation in male mice with reproductive failure after prenatal inflammation

Reproduction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Izvolskaia ◽  
Vasilina Ignatiuk ◽  
Ayshat Ismailova ◽  
Viktoria Sharova ◽  
Liudmila Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Prenatal Inflammation ◽  
Exposure In Vivo

Sexual performance in adult male rats is highly sensitive to prenatal stress which can affect the functionality of the reproductive system and various brain structures involved in modulating sexual behavior. The immunomodulatory effect of mouse IgG on reproductive maturity in male offspring after LPS exposure in vivo and in vitro was studied. Prenatal IgG injection (20 µg / mouse) had a positive impact on the puberty of male mice whose mothers were exposed to LPS (100 µg / kg) on the 12th day of pregnancy. The number of Sertoli cells were increased, whereas the body weight and the number of symplastic spermatids were decreased in offspring as compared to LPS-treated animals. Besides, IgG had a positive effect on altered hormone levels: reduced estradiol level on the 5th and 14th postnatal days and increased testosterone level on the 30th postnatal day in blood that led to an increased number of mounting attempts in sexually mature males. The cAMP-dependent pathway may be involved in the regulation of the LPS-induced inflammation. IgG reduced the increased level of cAMP in mouse peritoneal macrophages activated by LPS in vitro. IgG is able to modulate inflammation processes, but its exposure time is important.

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