Brussels sprouts seeds growing without mother plants transplanting in the conditions of the Moscow region

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
В.И. Старцев ◽  
Л.В. Старцева ◽  
А.П. Глинушкин

В течение 2019–2021 годов на опытно-производственной базе ФГБНУ ВНИИФ в Московской области (Одинцовский городской округ) выращивали растения капусты брюссельской сорта Геркулес 1342 для получения семян в беспересадочной культуре без применения химически синтезированных препаратов защиты растений и агрохимикатов. Беспересадочный способ позволил вырастить семена капусты брюссельской исключив основные, наиболее затратные и трудоемкие агротехнические мероприятия: отбор и уборка с поля маточных растений с корневой системой, перевозка в хранилище и хранение маточников при соблюдении режима хранения, зачистка маточников и весенняя подготовка к высадке, высадка маточников в открытый грунт. После высадки в поле и приживания маточных растений потери могут достигать 50%. В беспересадочной культуре сохранность семенных растений после перезимовки составляла 80%, а семенная продуктивность достигала 23 г с одного растения, при лабораторной всхожести – 98%, что значительно превосходит контрольный вариант – выращивание семян в пересадочной культуре. Растения, выращенные из семян, полученных в беспересадочной культуре, склонности к преждевременному цветению не проявляли и формировали нормальные, по морфологическим признакам, продуктивные растения. Семенные растения капусты брюссельской сорта Геркулес 1342 успешно переживали в открытом грунте без укрытия как малоснежную зиму 2020 года, так и зиму 2021 года с достаточно высоким снежным покровом – до 55 см. При этом растения имели незначительные повреждения не от мороза, а от мышей. В отличие от маточных растений, высаживаемых в открытый грунт, после зимнего хранения, маточные растения, выращенные в беспересадочной культуре, не имели повреждения точек роста вследствие солнечных ожогов. Таким образом сохранялось наиболее продуктивное первое цветение. During 2019–2021, Brussels sprouts of the Hercules 1342 cultivar were grown at the experimental production base of the FSBSI VNIIF in the Moscow region, Odintsovo District in order to obtain seeds in a non-planting culture without the use of chemically synthesized plant protection preparations and agrochemicals. The non-planting method made it possible to grow Brussels sprouts seeds by eliminating the main, most expensive and time-consuming agrotechnical measures: selection and cleaning of mother plants with a root system from the field, transportation to the storage and storage of mother plants while observing the storage regime, cleaning of mother plants and spring preparation for planting, planting in the open ground. After planting in the field and taking root of the mother plants, losses can reach 50%. In a seedless culture, the safety of seed plants after overwintering was 80%, and the seed productivity reached 23 grams per plant, with laboratory germination – 98%, which significantly exceeds the control variant: growing seeds in a transplant culture. Plants grown from seeds obtained in a non-planting culture did not show a tendency to premature flowering and formed normal ones. According to morphological characteristics, productive plants. Seed plants of Brussels sprouts of the Hercules 1342 cultivar successfully survived both the low – snow winter of 2020 and the winter of 2021 with a sufficiently high snow cover-up to 55 cm in the open ground without shelter. At the same time, the plants had minor damage not from frost, but from mice. Unlike the mother plants planted in the open ground, after winter storage, the mother plants grown in a non-planting culture did not have damage to the growth points due to sunburn. Thus, the most productive first flowering was preserved.

Author(s):  
A.A. Ushanov ◽  
A.A. Mironov

В работе исследованы влияние различных схем размещения семеноводческого посева на рост и развитие семенных растений и семенную продуктивность партенокарпического короткоплодного гибрида огурца F1 Троя в условиях открытого грунта Московского региона. Наибольшая урожайность и выход семян из семенника были получены при контрольной схеме посадки (140+70) × 20 см и составили 1,49 ц/га и 0,32% соответственно, а масса 1000 семян – 24,2 г.In this paper, we investigated the effect of different schemes of placement of seed sowing on the growth and development of seed plants and seed production of female line of parthenocarpic F1 hybrid cucumber Troy in the open ground in the Moscow region. The highest yield of seed and the yield of seed from testis were obtained with the scheme of planting (140+70) × 20 cm and amounted to 149 kg/ha and 0.32%, respectively, while 1000 seed weight was 24.2 g.


2020 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
А.П. Глинушкин ◽  
В.И. Старцев ◽  
Б.Б. Картабаева ◽  
Л.В. Старцева

В статье приведены результаты исследований по использованию комплекса биопестицидов, биоудобрений и стимуляторов роста в производстве экологически чистой продукции основных овощных культур – капусты белокочанной сорта Слава 1305 и томата – сорта Челнок. Исследования проводились в течение 2019–2020 годов на опытно-производственной базе «Раменки» ФГБНУ ВНИИ фитопатологии (Московская область, Одинцовский район). Опыты состояли из девяти вариантов на каждой культуре. Различия по вариантам состояли в составе комплекса биопрепаратов и кратности их применения. Рассаду выращивали в пластиковых кассетах в условиях зимней теплицы с поликарбонатным покрытием. Высаживали в открытый грунт в 20-х числах мая по схеме 70×40 см. Во время вегетации проводили обработки растений ручным ранцевым опрыскивателем, делали учеты, фенологические наблюдения и биометрические измерения. С целью выявления состава фитопатогенной микробиоты в лабораторных условиях отобранные образцы растений капусты белокочанной и томата помещали на питательную среду Чапека. Установлено оптимальное сочетание биопрепаратов в комплексе – вариант №3, который позволил увеличить продуктивности растений томата в открытом грунте по сравнению с контролем (без обработок). На растениях томата в варианте № 3 количество видов грибной микробиоты было на 33% меньше по сравнению с контролем. В целом, в обработанных растениях меньше присутствовали грибы из родов: Alternariaи Aspergillus, представляющие особую опасность для человека в качестве источников вторичных метаболитов фитопатогенных грибов – микотоксинов. Несмотря на значительную численность крестоцветной блошки на растениях во всех вариантах, повреждения верхней точки роста на обработанных растениях не наблюдалось, в то время как на контрольном варианте их было около 1% и растения не образовывали кочана. Кроме того, к моменту уборки растения капусты белокочанной в контрольном варианте имели сильные повреждения капустной белянкой (Pieris brassicae). Использование комплексного сочетания биопрепаратов позволяет получать в условиях открытого грунта в Московском регионе высокую продуктивность капусты белокочанной и томата без использования химически синтезированных удобрений и средств защиты растений. The article presents the results of research on the use of a complex of biopesticides, biofertilizers and growth stimulants in the production of environmentally friendly products of the main vegetable crops – white cabbage Slava 1305 and tomato varieties Chelnok. The research was conducted during 2019–2020 at the experimental production base «Ramenki» of the FSBSI ARRIP (Moscow region, Odintsovo district). The experiments consisted of nine variants on each culture. The differences were in the composition of the complex of biologics and the frequency of their use. Seedlings were grown in plastic cassettes in a winter greenhouse with a polycarbonate coating. Planted in the open ground in the twenties of may according to the scheme 70×40 cm. During the growing season, plants were treated with a hand-held backpack sprayer, records were made, phenological observations and biometric measurements were made. To identify the composition of phytopathogenic microflora in the laboratory, selected samples of cabbage and tomato plants were placed on the Czapek culture medium. As a result of the research work, the optimal combination of biologics in the complex was established-option №3, which allowed increasing the productivity of tomato plants in the open ground compared to the control (without treatments). In the tomato plants in variant 3, the number of fungal microflora species was 33% less compared to the control as a whole, and the treated plants had fewer fungi from the genera Alternaria and Aspergillus, which are particularly dangerous to humans as sources of secondary metabolites of phytopathogenic fungi – mycotoxins. Despite the significant number of cruciferous flea on plants in all variants, damage to the upper growth point was not observed on the treated plants, while in the control variant there were about 1% of them and the plants did not form a head. In addition, by the time of harvesting, white cabbage plants in the control variant had severe damage Pieris brassicae. The use of a complex combination of biological products makes it possible to obtain high productivity of white cabbage and tomato in open ground conditions in the Moscow region without the use of chemically synthesized fertilizers and plant protection products.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A  Khovrin ◽  
M  Ibragimbekov ◽  
R  Bagrov

Даны результаты оригинального первичного семеноводства корнеплодных культур в изоляторах в селекционно-семеноводческом центре агрохолдинга «Поиск» (Раменский район Московской области). Описаны технологические особенности процесса семеноводства, представлен видовой состав болезней и вредителей семенных растений в условиях исследований.The results of the original primary seed growing of root crops in cells at breeding and seed production centre of Poisk Agro Holding (Ramensky district, Moscow region) are given. Technological peculiarities of the process of seed production, species composition of pests and diseases of seed plants in terms of research are presented.


Author(s):  
L.A. Chistyakova ◽  
O.V. Baklanova ◽  
E.L. Makarova ◽  
Yu.V. Bortsova

Приведены результаты испытания нового перспективного партенокарпического гибрида огурца корнишонного типа F1 Энеж 21, созданного селекционерами агрохолдинга «Поиск», в условиях открытого грунта в Северо-Западном, Центральном и Волго-Вятском регионах Российской Федерации: Костромская, Ярославская, Московская, Рязанская, Тульская область и Чувашская Республика. Высокие потенциальные возможности и адаптационные свойства гибрида F1 Энеж 21 наиболее значимо проявляются в Московской области (63,8 т/га), Чувашской Республике (39,4 т/га) и Рязанской области (31,2 т/га).The article presents the results of testing a new promising parthenocarpic pickling cucumber hybrid F1 Enezh 21, selected by the breedrs of the Agricultural holding «Poisk» in conditions of open ground in the North-West, Central and Volga-Vyatka regions of the Russian Federation: Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Moscow, Ryazan, Tula regions and the Chuvash Republic. The high potential and adaptation characteristic of the F1 Enezh 21 hybrid are most significantly presented in condition of the Moscow region (63.8 t / ha), the Chuvash Republic (39.4 t / ha) and the Ryazan region (31.2 t / ha).


Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. De Merlier ◽  
A. Chandelier ◽  
M. Cavelier

In the past decade, a new Phytophthora species inducing shoot canker on Rhododendron and dieback of Viburnum has been observed in Europe, mainly in Germany and the Netherlands, and California. This new pathogen has been named Phytophthora ramorum (3). In May 2002, a diseased Viburnum plant (Viburnum bodnantense) from the Plant Protection Service (Ministry of Agriculture, Belgium) was submitted to our laboratory for diagnosis. Symptoms included wilting, leaves turning from green to brown, discolored vascular tissues, and root necrosis. The plant came from a Belgian ornamental nursery that obtained supplies of stock plants from the Netherlands. Pieces of necrotic root tissue were excised, surface-disinfected, and transferred aseptically to a Phytophthora selective medium. P. ramorum was identified based on morphological characteristics, including the production of numerous, thin-walled chlamydospores (25 to 70 µm in diameter, average 43 µm) and deciduous, semi-papillate sporangia arranged in clusters. Radial growth after 6 days at 20°C on V8 juice agar was 2.8 mm per day. Random amplified microsatellite markers (RAMS) (2) from the total genomic DNA of the Belgian strain (CBS 110901) were similar to those of P. ramorum reference strains (CBS 101330, CBS 101332, and CBS 101554). Using PCR primers specific for P. ramorum, the identification was confirmed by W. A. Man in't Veld (Plantenziektenkundige Dienst, Wageningen, the Netherlands) (1). A pathogenicity test was carried out on three sterile cuttings of Rhododendron catawbiense (3). Brown lesions were observed on the inoculated cuttings after 6 to 7 days. None of the three uninoculated cuttings showed symptoms of infection. P. ramorum was reisolated from lesion margins on the inoculated cuttings. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the fungus from Belgium. Since our initial observation, we have found P. ramorum in other Belgian nurseries on R. yakusimanum. References: (1) M. Garbelotto et al. US For. Ser. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GRT. 184:765, 2002. (2) J. Hantula et al. Mycol. Res. 101:565, 1997. (3) S. Werres et al. Mycol. Res. 105:1155, 2001.


2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 1573-1576
Author(s):  
Qing Wu ◽  
Yuee Chen ◽  
Lu Zhang

In order to verify the effect of plant protection design program of a highway slope in the western of Henan, the artificial simulating rainfall and runoff scouring test were carried out. The results showed that, under the condition of design frequency heavy rains, if the site conditions and the measures of plant configuration were different, the morphological characteristics of slope erosion were different too. There were some difference among the size, quantity and morphological changes of slope erosion gully. The rill width and depth of brown loess slope was biggest, and the bill average width and depth had a significant relationship with its length.


Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-72
Author(s):  
I. Camele ◽  
S. M. Mang ◽  
G. L. Rana

Money plant or annual honesty (Lunaria annua L.) is an ornamental landscape plant used in flower beds and borders and also in flower arrangements. It is a biennial plant with large, pointed, oval leaves. Plants of L. annua showing white-to-cream, blister-like lesions on leaves and siliques (2) were found in private gardens where approximately 800 plants of 1,000 (approximately 80 to 90%) that were observed showed symptoms. The disease was also found in two ornamental nurseries, although it was limited to a few mother plants because of extensive fungicide treatments. The gardens and ornamental nurseries were located in Potenza Province (Basilicata Region, southern Italy). Sporangiophores were mostly straight or arched and almost cylindrical with attenuated base and flat or rounded apex and measured 29.2 to 33.4 × 12.8 to 13.4 μm. Sporangia, produced in chains and joined by short connectives, exhibited a spherical or angular shape, were subhyaline, contained vacuoles, and had average maximum and minimum diameters ranging from 15.8 to 18.8 and 14 to 16 μm, respectively. The morphological characteristics closely resembled those reported for Albugo candida (Pers.) Kuntze (3). Sori were collected from naturally and artificially inoculated tissues of L. annua, with the aid of a stereomicroscope, and used to extract genomic DNA via a DNeasy Plant Mini DNA extraction kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) according to the manufacturer's directions. The extracted DNA was used as a template for amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA with primer pair ITS4/DC6 (1,4) and sequenced. One sequence, GenBank Accession No. GQ328846, matched several sequences of A. candida (Pers). Kuntze (e.g., GenBank Accession Nos. GQ328837, GQ328836, GQ328835, GQ328834, and AF271231), showing 98% identity. Pathogenicity tests were performed and repeated twice. Leaves of 10 healthy seedlings of L. annua were surface cleaned during several washings with distilled water and then spray inoculated with a suspension of 103 sporangia/ml of A. candida. Five healthy seedlings were spray inoculated with the same volume of sterile water and served as controls. Inoculated seedlings were maintained in a moist chamber for 48 h at 20°C before being moved to a shaded glasshouse at 16 to 24°C and 90% relative humidity. White rust symptoms, similar to those observed in natural conditions, appeared on leaves of inoculated seedlings 10 to 14 days later, demonstrating that A. candida was the causal agent of the disease. Control plants remained symptomless. White rust has been reported on L. annua in Europe (Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, and the United Kingdom) and in the northwestern United States (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. candida infecting annual honesty plant in Italy. References: (1) P. Bonants et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 103:345, 1997. (2) D. Choi et al. Mycotaxon 53:261, 1995. (3) D. A. Glawe et al. Online publication. doi:10.1094/PHP-2004-0317-01-HN. Plant Health Progress, 2004. (4) T. J. White et al. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR Protocols. A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Hakan Başak

This study was conducted in 2014 and 2015 to compare Cemele pepper with other bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum) genotypes with respect to agronomic and morphological traits. Totally 75 bell peppper genotypes were collected from the centrum and villages of Kırşehir province. For a total of 48 agronomic and morphological characteristics of pepper genotype, the characterization study of IPGRI according to the criteria of the International Union of Plant Protection Preservation (UPOV) were done made. As a result of the principal component analysis, total 11 main component axes were obtained and these axes represented 73.25% of the total variance. Genotypes were divided into 15 groups in dendrogram according to morphological and agronomic characteristics. The mean of the quantitative characteristics of each group was determined and it was determined which group or group was the difference between them. As a result of cluster analysis; D1, D20, D54, D67K, D43 and D39 coded genotypes were determined to be the most distant genotypes in terms of agronomic and morphological degree of relation. To conclude, with the identification of the genotypes of bell peppers in Kırşehir province, it will provide significant advantages in future pepper breeding studies as well as contributing to the formation of pepper database.


2020 ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
Serhii Vdovenko ◽  
Oleksandra Ivanovych ◽  
Pavel Shvydkyi ◽  
Oleg Zatolochny

Vegetable growing is one of the most important and, at the same time, the most complex plant growing branches of agriculture in Ukraine. Firstly, this is due to the value and irreplaceability of vegetable products for human nutrition, which determines the spread of vegetable crops in all regions of the country and the allocation of large areas of agricultural land for their cultivation. On the other hand, a feature of the industry is low transportability and high labor intensity of vegetable production, a large set of cultivated vegetable crops and the mechanization of individual production processes of their cultivation, in particular harvesting, is complicated. Therefore, it is very important to expand better than the cultivation of new vegetable crops, the cultivation areas of which are currently relatively small. One of these crops is Brussels sprouts, which is characterized by excellent nutritional and medicinal properties, but whose cultivation areas are insignificant, due to insufficient study of the characteristics of crop cultivation. Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. Gemmifera) - vegetable crop. Traditionally regarded as a variety of the species Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) of the genus Cabbage (Brassica) of the Cabbage family (Brassicaceae), some modern sources do not consider Brussels sprouts as an independent species, but consider it a group of varieties of the species Brassica oleracea L., with this approach, the correct name of this group considered Brassica oleracea Gemmifera Group. Keywords: brussels sprouts, variety studies, hybrid, vegetable growing, seed, growing season, shoots.


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