Irrigation regime and fertilization rates for vegetable corn varieties in the Samarkand region

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-30
Author(s):  
Т.Э. Остонакулов ◽  
Ш.М. Холмуродов

Цель исследований – изучить рост, развитие и урожайность сортов сахарной (овощной) кукурузы Шерзод и Замон при различных режимах орошения и нормах удобрений и установить оптимальные параметры режима орошения и нормы удобрений, обеспечивающих получение устойчивого высокого урожая (не менее 8,5–9,0 т/га). Исследования проведены в 2017–2020 годах на орошаемых лугово-сероземных почвах Самаркандской научно-опытной станции Научно-исследовательского института овощебахчевых культур и картофеля. Почвы – среднесуглинистые с залеганием грунтовых вод на глубину 4–5 м. В опытах изучали два режима орошения по предполивной влажности почвы не ниже 65–70 и 70–80% ППВ. В каждом режиме орошения изучали следующие нормы удобрений: 1. N150P120K75, 2. N200P160K100, 3. 30 т/га навоза + N150P120K75, 4. 30 т/га навоза + N200P160K100 кг/га. При режиме орошения по предполивной влажности почвы не ниже 65–70% ППВ проводили шесть поливов по схеме 2–4 с интервалом 18–16–14–12–10–10 дней. Оросительная норма – 5696–5734 м3/га, при этом поливная норма – 827–1185 м3/га. При режиме орошения по предполивной влажности почвы не ниже 70–80% ППВ растения поливали восемь раз по схеме 3–5, то есть в фазах всходов – образования метелки – три раза, а в фазах образования метелки – полной спелости – пять раз, через каждые 15–13–10–9–8–7–7–9 дней с оросительной нормой 5451–5500 м3/га, при поливной норме 536–918 м3/га. Высокий и гарантированный урожай сортов сахарной (овощной) кукурузы Шерзод и Замон (8,6–10 т/га) можно получить при выращивании их при режиме орошения по предполивной влажности почвы не ниже 70–80% ППВ или при 8 поливах по схеме 3–5, то есть в период фазы всходов – образования метелки – 3 поливов, а во второй период в фазах образования метелки – полной спелости – 5 поливов с поливной нормой 536–918 м3/га и совместном внесении органоминеральных удобрений в норме 30 т/га навоза + N200P160K100 кг/га. The purpose of the research is to study the growth, development and yield of varieties of sugar (vegetable) corn Sherzod and Zamon under various irrigation regimes and fertilizer rates and to establish the optimal parameters of the irrigation regime and fertilizer rates that ensure a stable high yield (at least 8.5–9.0 t/ha). The research was carried out in 2017–2020 on irrigated meadow-gray-earth soils of the Samarkand Science and Research Station of Scientific Research Institute of Vegetables Crops, Melons and Potatoes. The soils are medium loamy with the occurrence of groundwater to a depth of 4–5 m. In the experiments, two irrigation modes were studied for pre-irrigation soil moisture not lower than 65–70 and 70–80% PPV. In each irrigation regime, the following fertilizer standards were studied: 1. N150P120K75, 2. N200P160K100, 3. 30 t/ha of manure + N150P120K75, 4. 30 t/ha of manure + N200P160K100 kg/ha. Under the irrigation regime, according to the pre-irrigation soil moisture not lower than 65–70% of the PISM, six irrigations were carried out according to the 2–4 scheme with an interval of 18–16–14–12–10–10 days. The irrigation rate is 5696–5734 m3/ha, while the irrigation rate is 827–1185 m3/ha. Under the irrigation regime for pre-irrigation soil moisture not lower than 70–80% PISM, the plants were watered eight times according to the scheme 3–5, that is, in the phases of germination – panicle formation – three times, and in the phases of panicle formation – full ripeness – five times every 15–13–10–9–8–7–7–9 days with an irrigation norm of 5451–5500 m3/ha, with an irrigation norm of 536–918 m3/ha. A high and guaranteed yield of varieties of sugar (vegetable) corn Sherzod and Zamon (8,6–10 t/ha) can be obtained when growing them under the irrigation regime for pre – irrigation soil moisture not lower than 70–80% PISM or with 8 watering according to the scheme 3–5, that is, during the germination phase – the formation of a panicle –3 watering, and in the second period in the phases of the formation of a panicle – full ripeness – 5 watering with a watering norm of 536–918 m3/ha and joint application organomineral fertilizers in the norm of 30 t/ha of manure + N200P160K100kg/ha.

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Christopher ◽  
A. M. Manschadi ◽  
G. L. Hammer ◽  
A. K. Borrell

Water availability is a key limiting factor in wheat production in the northern grain belt of Australia. Varieties with improved adaptation to such conditions are actively sought. The CIMMYT wheat line SeriM82 has shown a significant yield advantage in multi-environment screening trials in this region. The objective of this study was to identify the physiological basis of the adaptive traits underpinning this advantage. Six detailed experiments were conducted to compare the growth, development, and yield of SeriM82 with that of the adapted cultivar, Hartog. The experiments were undertaken in field environments that represented the range of moisture availability conditions commonly encountered by winter crops grown on the deep Vertosol soils of this region. The yield of SeriM82 was 6–28% greater than that of Hartog, and SeriM82 exhibited a stay-green phenotype by maintaining green leaf area longer during the grain-filling period in all environments where yield was significantly greater than Hartog. However, where the availability of deep soil moisture was limited, SeriM82 failed to exhibit significantly greater yield or to express the stay-green phenotype. Thus, the stay-green phenotype was closely associated with the yield advantage of SeriM82. SeriM82 also exhibited higher mean grain mass than Hartog in all environments. It is suggested that small differences in water use before anthesis, or greater water extraction from depth after anthesis, could underlie the stay-green phenotype. The inability of SeriM82 to exhibit stay-green and higher yield where deep soil moisture was depleted indicates that extraction of deep soil moisture is important.


Author(s):  
A. Ouji ◽  
M. Mechri ◽  
S. Wassli ◽  
K. Shiv ◽  
M. Kharrat

Background: In Tunisia, water deficit and heat stress during the end of cycle are more frequent and causes significant yield losses. Selection of short cycle lines could be a good solution to escape the effect of heat and drought during the end of cycle. Furthermore, there is little published information on the effect of the sowing date on yield and its components in lentils. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the sowing date on yield and its components of some lentil lines. The best productive and early lines will be selected and therefore proposed for registration in the official catalog of plant varieties. The availability of these varieties to farmers could increase lentil production. Methods: Sixteen genotypes of lentil out of which 14 were advanced lines and 2 were checks varieties were used in this study. The field experiment was conducted during the 2017-2018 cropping season at Kef research station located in a semi-arid zone in north western Tunisia. Genotypes were sown on December 15th, 2017 and February, 7th, 2018. Seventeen agro-morphological parameters were recorded. Result: Based on agro-morphological analysis, lentil lines exhibited considerable genetic variability. Among the tested lines, L3 line seem to be the earliest lines. It showed high yield as well in timely and late sown dates. This line deserves more attention to develop short-cycle and high yielding variety.


Author(s):  
T.M. Neethu ◽  
Nagarajappa Adivappar ◽  
V. Srinivasa ◽  
G.K. Girijesh

Background: French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important and widely grown leguminous vegetable. The area under this crop in protected cultivation is increasing due to its high yield and remunerative price. There is scanty of information on pacing and nutrients for fertigation under protected cultivation. Hence the experiment was carried out to determine the effect of spacing and fertigation on growth and yield parameters in French bean under naturally ventilated polyhouse during Kharif 2018 at Zonal Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Navile, Shivamogga.Methods: The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. There were 18 treatment combinations comprised of three different spacing treatments and six fertigation treatments. Result: Among all the treatments significantly highest number of primary branches (8.70) and secondary branches (8.50) at 45 days after sowing (DAS), number of pods plant-1 (220.20), pod length (20.66 cm), pod girth (2.95 cm) and pod weight (17.69g) were recorded in the treatment combination with 60 × 75cm with 44:70:53 kg ha-1 + mulching + micronutrient spray. The least number of primary branches (4.27), secondary branches (4.50), number of pods plant-1 (160.33), pod length (15.61cm), pod girth (1.75 cm) and pod weight (13.88g) were observed in the treatment combination with 60 × 45 cm spacing with 33:52.5:39.75 kg of N:P:K kg ha-1. The higher plant height at 45 DAS (480.50 cm) and yield (13.06 t) for 1000 m-2 was found in treatment combination 60 × 45cm with 44:70:53 kg ha-1 + mulching + micronutrient spray (S3T4). It was concluded from the study that, the closer spacing (60 × 45cm) with the combination of 44:70:53 kg ha-1 (N:P:K), mulching and micronutrient spray resulted in higher pod yield (13.06 t) 1000m-2.


2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Mündel ◽  
F. A. Kiehn ◽  
G. Saindon ◽  
H. C. Huang ◽  
R. L. Conner

Alert is a high-yielding, semi-erect great northern common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar. It was developed from a series of crosses at the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, on contract to the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Research Centre, Lethbridge, with cooperation from the AAFC Morden Research Station. Alert is well adapted to the eastern Canadian prairies, yielding significantly higher than the check cultivar, US1140, at 130% in the official Manitoba Dry Bean Co-operative Registration Trials. Alert is moderately resistant to white mold and resistant to races 1 and 15 of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). It is susceptible to the alpha and alpha Brazil races of anthracnose, but resistant to the delta race. Key words: Common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, great northern bean, cultivar description, high yield


Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Goh ◽  
Thohirah Lee Abdullah ◽  
Siti Hassan ◽  
Johnson Stanslas

Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith, known as Lempoyang in Malaysia, belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. Previous studies on Lempoyang mainly focused on the chemical properties and biological activities of the rhizome extracts of this plant. Despite the tremendous demand for the rhizomes of Z. zerumbet, there is a lack of information on cultivation practices and a scarcity of planting materials. By using the pre-soaked technique, the challenges posed by Z. zerumbet dormancy can be overcome, obtaining good quality and uniform planting material throughout the year. Besides that, it is also crucial to determine the optimum shade level and NPK fertilizer rates to obtain a high yield and good quality rhizomes of Lempoyang. Six concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP, 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/L) and ethephon (0, 150, 300, 450, 600, and 750 mg/L) were tested to evaluate their effects on breaking rhizome dormancy. Three different shade levels (full sun, 30%, and 50% shade levels) and four combinations of Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) (NPK) fertilizer at different rates were evaluated to study their effects on plant growth and yield performance. The results showed that BAP at 100 mg/L and ethephon at 300 mg/L performed better than the other compound concentrations tested in promoting the breaking of bud dormancy. A significant interaction effect was observed between shade levels and NPK fertilizer rates in all the growth parameters examined, except for the number of tillers per plant. Plants grown under 30% shade with NPK 4 produced the highest rhizome fresh weight, dry weight, and yield, but plants grown under 50% shade with NPK 4 showed the highest plant height and number of tillers per plant.


2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Zavadil Josef

The paper deals with optimisation of threshold suction pressure of soil water on light soils for early potatoes, early cabbage, late cauliflower and celery on the basis of results of small-plot field experiments with differentiated irrigation regime. Experiments were conducted in 2003–2005. Threshold suction pressures of soil water were identical for all crops: 15 kPa in treatment I, 30 kPa in treatment II, 60 kPa in treatment III, and 120 kPa in treatment IV. Precipitation, air temperature and relative humidity, global solar radiation, wind speed and direction were measured by an automated meteorological station. Reference and actual evapotranspiration was determined for the experimental crops according to FAO Paper No. 56 and by means of a biological curve (BC) in 2003–2005. To compare these two methods of calculation of actual evapotranspiration the soil moisture balance was found out. Based on the influence on marketable yield and proportion of the crop quality grades it is possible to determine the optimum threshold suction pressure on light loamy-sand soils in early potatoes, late cauliflower and cabbage 30 kPa and in celery 15 kPa. 80% of available soil water capacity (ASWC) corresponds to the threshold suction pressure 30 kPa, and as much as 96% of ASWC corresponds to 15 kPa. The seasonal irrigation depths determined on the basis of soil moisture balance, in which the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) is calculated either according to FAO 56 or by the BC, are substantially different from the really achieved irriga­tion depths in the treatments where optimal suction pressure is maintained. For potatoes, the really achieved values of seasonal irrigation depths are nearer to the depths calculated by the BC, while for the other vegetables (cauliflower, cabbage and celery) they are more similar to the depths calculated by FAO 56 methodology. The theoretical irrigation depths calculated by the BC method sometimes differ substantially from those based on FAO 56. These differences are at maximum for cauliflower and celery and at minimum for cabbage and decrease with the decreasing irrigation depths.


1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
JDF Black

Following the death of peach trees under a straw mulch system of management at Scoresby Horticultural Research Station, the soil moisture relations of mulch, cover crop, and pasture systems of management were studied. Examination of soil moisture levels indicated the presence of an impermeable layer under mulch. This was supported by results of investigations into surface run-off and porosity and by visual examination. It is suggested that trees died from surface waterlogging above the impermeable layer.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7573
Author(s):  
Ling Li ◽  
Hongguang Liu ◽  
Xinlin He ◽  
En Lin ◽  
Guang Yang

Winter irrigation affected the movement of soil moisture, temperature, and salt, which was an effective improvement measure widely used in seasonal freeze–thaw areas. In this paper, we investigated the effects of different salinized cotton fields (mild salinization (S1), 5.15 g·kg−1; moderate salinization (S2), 8.17 g·kg−1; severe salinization (S3), 11.15 g·kg−1) and different winter irrigation rates (W0, 0 m3·hm-2; W1, 3000 m3·hm-2; W2, 3600 m3·hm-2; W3, 4200 m3·hm-2) on soil moisture, temperature, salinity, and cotton growth in seasonal freeze–thaw areas. The results showed that the winter irrigation affected the temporal and spatial dynamics of soil moisture, temperature, and salinity, and the winter irrigation rate and degree of soil salinization were significantly correlated with soil moisture, temperature, and salinity (p < 0.01). Winter irrigation stabilized the soil temperature and reduced the freeze–thaw index of the soil. The heat conservation effect of winter irrigation increased with increasing winter irrigation rate and salinization degree, with the greatest effect on the freezing index of S2 and on the thawing index of S3. The soil water content and total salt concentration before spring tillage were significantly correlated with winter irrigation rate and degree of soil salinization (p < 0.05), and when the winter irrigation quota of different salinized cotton fields was greater than 3600 m3·hm-2, the moisture content of soil layer 0–100cm increased by more than 20%, and the desalination reached over 40%, compared with the values before winter irrigation. Winter irrigation improved the emergence rate and yield of cotton, with the soil salinization degree being significantly negatively correlated and winter irrigation rate significantly positively correlated with the emergence rate and yield of cotton fields in the following year (p < 0.01). Compared with the control treatment without winter irrigation, the average increases in cotton yield were W3 (53.32%) > W2 (45.00%) > W1 (29.36%). There was no significant difference in seedling emergence rate or yield between slightly and moderately salinized cotton fields under high winter irrigation rates (W2 and W3) (p > 0.05), although the seedling emergence rate and yield of severely salinized cotton fields increased significantly with increasing winter irrigation rate. In conclusion, winter irrigation proved to be a valuable treatment for severely salinized cotton fields, and the results of this study allowed us to determine the optimal winter irrigation rate for saline alkali cotton fields.


2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Duguid ◽  
E. O. Kenaschuk ◽  
K. Y. Rashid

Prairie Blue, a medium- late maturing oilseed flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), was released in 2003 by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research Station, Morden, Manitoba. This cultivar has high oil content, high oil quality, small seed size, very good lodging resistance and high yield in all soil zones of the prairies. It is immune to current North American races of rust [Melampsora lini (Ehrenb.) Desmaz], and moderately resistant to wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f. sp. lini (Bolley) Snyder & Hansen. Key words: Flax, oilseed, Linum usitatissimum L., cultivar description


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