The status and prospects of breeding perennial forage crops

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.М. Косолапов ◽  
С.В. Пилипко
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Ecological Adaptability ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
The Status ◽  
Landscape Value ◽  
Alfalfa Varieties

Современная концепция устойчивого развития сельского хозяйства предполагает широкое использование интенсивных сортов нового поколения. Селекционерами ВНИИ кормов создана система инновационных сортов однолетних и многолетних бобовых и злаковых трав, климатически и экологически дифференцированных, высокопродуктивных, устойчивых к основным болезням и стрессам, обладающих повышенной симбиотической активностью. Ультрараннеспелый сорт клевера лугового Ранний 2, созданный на основе метода химического мутагенеза, формирует в течение 70 дней 10–11 т/га сухой кормовой массы. Сорт клевера лугового Марс разработан специально для кислых почв методом экспериментальной полиплоидии. Инновационные сорта люцерны Вега 87, Селена, Соната, Луговская 67, Пастбищная 88 имеют различные эдафические, фитоценотические, симбиотические характеристики и обладают высокой конкурентной способностью и устойчивостью (4–5 лет пользования); урожайность сухого вещества составляет 11,5–13,0 т/га. Перспективные сорта многолетних злаковых трав являются важнейшим компонентом сенокосных и пастбищных экосистем, имеют ландшафтное значение. Они обеспечивают урожайность сухого вещества 11,0–12,0 т/га и выше при содержании сырого протеина 12–15 % и переваримости сухого вещества 65–70 %. Новый сорт полевицы гигантской Альба создан на основе метода оценки сортообразцов и отбора их по глубине залегания корневищ. Внедрение и эффективное использование этих сортов в хозяйствах различных регионов страны обеспечит увеличение производства кормов и создание надёжной кормовой базы для животноводства.   The current concept of sustainable development of agriculture includes wide usage of the most advanced intensive varieties. Breeders from the All-Russian Williams Fodder Research Institute created the series of innovative varieties of annual and perennial leguminous and gramineous grasses. They are resistant to main diseases and tolerant to stresses, feature high symbiotic activity, and differ in climatic and ecological adaptability. Created by chemical mutagenesis, the ultra-early red clover variety ‘Rannii 2’ formed 10–11 t ha-1 of dry feed mass during 70 days. The red clover variety ‘Mars’ were created specifically for acid soils using the experimental polyploidy. The innovative alfalfa varieties ‘Vega 87’, ‘Selena’, ‘Sonata’, ‘Lugovskaya 67’, ‘Pastbishchnaya 88’ feature different edaphic, phythocoenotic, symbiotic abilities. They showed high competitive ability and persistency (4–5 years of use), their dry matter yield was 11.5–13.0 t ha-1. Promising varieties of perennial gramineous grasses are the major component of hay and graze ecosystems, and have a landscape value. They provide 11.0–12.0 t ha-1 and more of dry matter with 12–15 % content of crude protein, and 65–70 % digestibility. The new giant bentgrass variety ‘Alba’ was created using evaluation and selection by the depth of rhizomes. Introduction and effective using of these varieties in the farms from different regions will provide an increase in feed production and the creation a reliable feed reserve for livestock.

Current status and trends in breeding of perennial forage crops

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.М. Косолапов ◽  
C.В. Пилипко
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Perennial Legume

Современная концепция устойчивого развития сельского хозяйства, особенно важнейших его отраслей, растениеводства и кормопроизводства, предполагает широкое использование интенсивных сортов нового поколения. В связи с этим во ВНИИ кормов им. В. Р. Вильямса проводятся научные исследования по созданию климатически и экологически дифференцированных сортов кормовых культур с использованием современных методов селекции. В результате этой работы выведены 150 новых сортов клевера, люцерны, однолетних и многолетних бобовых и злаковых трав, аридных культур. Площадь семенных посевов в настоящее время составляет 2,1 млн га. Для перспективных сортов кормовых культур характерны такие хозяйственно ценные признаки, как высокая семенная и кормовая продуктивность, более раннее созревание, устойчивость к повышенной кислотности почвы, соле- и засухоустойчивость. Созданные сорта клевера лугового формируют в различных экологических условиях 8‒13 т/га сухого вещества, обеспечивают сбор 2,0‒2,5 т/га протеина, накапливают в почве 120‒150 кг биологического азота, характеризуются разными сроками созревания, высокой продуктивностью и азотфиксирующей способностью. Ультрараннеспелый сорт клевера лугового Ранний 2, созданный методом химического мутагенеза, формирует в течение 70 дней 10‒11 т/га сухой кормовой массы. Сорт клевера лугового Марс разработан специально для кислых почв методом экспериментальной полиплоидии. Инновационные сорта люцерны Вега 87, Селена, Соната, Луговская 67, Пастбищная 88 имеют различные эдафические, фитоценотические, симбиотические характеристики и обладают высокой конкурентной способностью и устойчивостью (4‒5 лет пользования); урожайность сухого вещества составляет 11,5‒13,0 т/га. Перспективные сорта многолетних злаковых трав являются важнейшими компонентами сенокосных и пастбищных экосистем, имеют ландшафтное значение и обеспечивают урожайность сухого вещества 11,0‒12,0 т/га и выше при содержании сырого протеина 12‒15 % и переваримости сухого вещества 65‒70 %. Новый сорт полевицы гигантской Альба создан методом оценки сортообразцов и отбора их по глубине залегания корневищ. В результате исследований селекционерами ВНИИ кормов создана система инновационных сортов однолетних и многолетних бобовых и злаковых трав, климатически и экологически дифференцированных, высокопродуктивных, устойчивых к основным болезням и стрессам, обладающих повышенной симбиотической активностью. Внедрение и эффективное использование этих сортов в хозяйствах различных регионов страны обеспечит увеличение производства кормов и создание надёжной кормовой базы для животноводства. Stable agriculture development requires cultivation of novel intensive varieties. Williams Fodder Research Institute conducts breeding of various fodder varieties by modern selection. It obtained 150 varieties of clover, alfalfa, annual and perennial legumes and gramineous, arid crops. Sowing area amounts to 2.1 million ha. Promising varieties have high seed and fodder productivity, early ripening, resistance to soil acidity, salt and drought. Clover varieties form 8‒13 t dry matter ha-1, 2.0‒2.5 t protein ha-1, accumulate 120‒150 kg nitrogen in soil, have various times of maturation, high productivity and nitrogen fixing ability. Ultrashort-season red clover “Ranniy-2”, bred via chemical mutagenesis, produces 10‒11 t DM ha-1 within 70 days. Clover “Mars” was obtained through polyploidy for acid soils. Alfalfa “Vega-87”, “Selena”, “Sonata”, “Lugovskaya-67”, “Pastbishchnaya-88” show different edaphic, phytocoenotic and symbiotic characteristics, high competitiveness and resistance (4‒5 years of cultivation). DM yield is 11.5‒13.0 t ha-1. Promising varieties of perennial legume grasses give DM yield over 11.0‒12.0 t ha-1, under crude protein content of 12‒15 % and DM digestibility of 65‒70 %. Giant bentgrass “Alba” was bred through mass selection on the base of rhizome depth. Cultivating these varieties in different regions can improve forage production and create effective forage resources for Animal Husbandry.

scholarly journals Magnesium content in soil and roughages depending on soil type and forage crops

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Snezana Jaksic ◽  
Savo Vuckovic ◽  
Jovica Vasin ◽  
Jordana Ninkov ◽  
Gordana Dozet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Mg Content

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of soil type and forage crops on the content of magnesium in soil and roughages, as well as forage quality regarding Mg content for the prevention of animal disease ?tetany?. The trial was carried out on chernozem and humogley under alfalfa and red clover. Samples for determination of Mg content in plant and total Mg content in soil were digested using the apparatus Milestone Ethos 1. The content of Mg was determined using the apparatus ICP-OES Vista Pro-Axial Varian. The average total Mg content in soil of the tested sites was 0.64%. Total Mg content in chernozem was higher than in humogley. A higher total Mg content was in the deeper horizon. A significant positive correlation was found between total Mg content in soil and soil pH as well as the content of CaCO3. The average Mg content in forage crops was 0.28%. A higher Mg content in the dry matter was observed in crops grown on humogley. Mg content was significantly higher in red clover. There was no risk for the occurrence of animal disease ?tetany? regarding Mg content in crops, because the ratio K/(Ca+Mg) was below 2.2, and K and Mg content in the dry matter of crops was below the critical value.

ALFALFA VARIETIES ZONED IN THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
The State ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
State Register ◽  
Independent Evaluation ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Alfalfa Varieties ◽  
Central Chernozem

The article describes the main morphological and biological features of alfalfa varieties included in the State register of breeding achievements approved for use in the Central Chernozem zone of Russia. A total of 32 alfalfa varieties are included in the State register. This is 9 varieties of blue alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. subsp. Sativa) of domestic selection and 8 foreign, 11 varieties of variable alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. nothosubsp. varia (Martyn) Arcang.) domestic selection and 1 variety of foreign and 3 varieties of yellow alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. subsp. falcata (L.) Arcang.). It shows the average and maximum yield of varieties determined in the process of state variety testing, as well as independent evaluation in research institutions in the region. Varieties of blue alfalfa of domestic selection Kevsala, Elena, Satellite, Vavilovskaya Yubileynaya were the most productive. The average yield of dry matter of these varieties reaches 8.4–9.2 t/ha, the maximum — 15.3–17.7 t/ha. Alfalfa varieties Timbale and Galaxy were the most productive among foreign varieties: the average yield of dry matter was 8.1 and 8.3 t/ha, the maximum – 15.5 and 17.2 t/ha. Varieties of alfalfa variable Vitalina and Vela provided an average yield of dry matter of 7.6 and 9.0 t/ha, the maximum yield reached 15.4 and 18.1 t/ha.

New cultivar of red clover Prima

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
R. I. Polyudina
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
The State ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Variety Trial ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Early Ripening

The results of breeding work on creation of the new cultivar of red clover are presented. The hybrid population (15-10-D (2n)) was created by the method of crossbreeding and selection in the conditions of artifi cial climate. Selection of winterhardy high-yielding forms of this hybrid population was conducted in the forest-steppe zone of West Siberia. The population 15-10-D (2n) was tested in three cycles of competitive variety trial (crops of 2006, 2008 and 2010) and was submitted to the State variety testing under the name Prima. According to the results of the competitive variety trial during 2007–2013, the new early-ripening diploid cultivar Prima showed high winter hardiness of 97.0-99.0%. The duration of the growing season is 115 days (on the level of standard early-ripening tetraploid cultivar Meteor). The yield of green mass in two cuts is 19.6-58.7 t/ha, the yield of dry matter is 4.2-13.5 t/ha, the yield of seeds is 276-392 kg/ ha. The average yield of green mass in two cuts of the new cultivar is 38.8 t/ha, the average yield of dry matter is 8.7 t/ha, the average yield of seeds is 317 kg/ha, which exceeds standard cultivar Meteor by 52%. The seed content of Prima cultivar is 52%, Meteor – 38%. The crude protein content in dry matter is 16.1%, the fi ber content is 26.0%. Prima cultivar has been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation to be grown in the West Siberian region since 2019. The copyright certifi cate and patent for the breeding achievement were received.

EFFECTS OF SOIL ACIDITY ON RHIZOBIA NUMBERS, NODULATION AND NITROGEN FIXATION BY ALFALFA AND RED CLOVER

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. RICE ◽  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

The effects of soil acidity on nitrogen fixation by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were investigated in field experiments at 28 locations, and in greenhouse experiments using soils from these locations. The pH of the soils (limed and unlimed) varied from 4.5 to 7.2. Rhizobia populations in the soil, nodulation, and relative forage yields (yield without N/yield with N) were measured in both the field and greenhouse experiments. Rhizobium meliloti numbers, nodulation scores, and relative yields of alfalfa decreased sharply as the pH of the soils decreased below 6.0. For soils with pH 6.0 or greater, there was very little effect of pH on any of the above factors for alfalfa. Soil pH in the range studied had no effect on nodulation scores and relative yields of red clover. However, R. trifolii numbers were reduced when the pH of the soil was less than 4.9. These results demonstrate that hydrogen ion concentration is an important factor limiting alfalfa growth on acid soils of Alberta and northeastern British Columbia, but it is less important for red clover. This supports the continued use of measurements of soil pH, as well as plant-available Al and Mn for predicting crop response to lime.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SOIL ACIDITY PROBLEM IN ALBERTA AND NORTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG ◽  
P. B. HOYT ◽  
W. A. RICE ◽  
B. SIEMENS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Crop Species

The amount of cultivated acid soil in Alberta and northeastern British Columbia was estimated from pH values of farm samples analyzed by the Alberta Soil Testing Laboratory, and the effect of soil acidity on crops was assessed from field experiments on 28 typical acid soils. The field experiments consisted of two cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and one cultivar each of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown with and without lime for 2 yr. There are about 30,000 ha of soils with a pH of 5.0 or less where soil acidity seriously restricts yields of all four crop species. There are approximately 300,000 ha with a soil pH of 5.1–5.5 where liming will on the average increase yields of alfalfa by 100%, yields of barley by 10–15%, and yields of rapeseed and red clover by 5–10%. There are a further 1,600,000 ha where soil pH ranges from 5.6 to 6.0 and liming will increase yields of alfalfa by approximately 50% and yields of barley, rapeseed and red clover by at least 4–5%.

The assessment of herbage legume varieties. II. In vitro digestibility, water soluble carbohydrate, crude protein and mineral content of primary growth of clover and lucerne

1966 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ellis Davies ◽  
G. ap Griffith ◽  
A. Ellington
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Primary Growth

The primary growth of eight varieties of three species–white clover (3), red clover (4) and lucerne (1)–was sampled at fortnightly intervals and the percentage dry matter, in vitro digestibility, crude protein, water soluble carbohydrates, P, Ca, K, Na and Mg were determined.Differences between species were nearly always significant and the general order of merit was white clover, red clover and lucerne. The exceptions were for dry-matter percentage where this order was reversed, and red clover had the lowest Na and highest Mg content.

Haylage from Hungarian sainfoin for cow feeding

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Волошин ◽  
Н. Морозков
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Perennial Legume

По результатам научных исследований, выполненных за ряд лет в растениеводстве и животноводстве, показана целесообразность интродукции в кормопроизводство Пермского края новой многолетней бобовой культуры эспарцета песчаного. По четырёхлетним наблюдениям (2012 2015 годы) в полевых опытах культура не уступала по урожайности кормовой массы традиционному для региона клеверу луговому, а по концентрации обменной энергии и сырого протеина в сухом веществе была на уровне клевера лугового и люцерны изменчивой, но в разы превосходила их по содержанию сахара. Сенаж это единственный вид зимнего корма, максимально сохраняющий обменную энергию, протеин, сахар, каротин, достаточно концентрированный, чтобы обеспечивать потребности высокопродуктивных животных. В 2018 году на Лобановском молочном комплексе ООО Русь в Пермском районе Пермского края были проведены научнохозяйственный и физиологический опыты по скармливанию сенажа из эспарцета песчаного голштинизированным коровам чёрнопёстрой породы. При использовании сенажа из эспарцета песчаного животные в сутки потребляли сухого вещества на 2,3 3,9 кг на голову больше по сравнению с группой, где в рационе было сено (контроль). В результате использования сенажа из эспарцета песчаного переваримость сухого вещества рациона у опытных групп животных была выше на 2,55 5,80 по сравнению с контрольной органического вещества на 2,54 4,14 . За учётный период научнохозяйственного опыта (120 дней) от коров опытных групп получено по 399327,2 и 414431,9 кг молока, что со средней степенью достоверности выше продуктивности животных контрольной группы (391045,4). По содержанию молочного жира и молочного белка преимущество достоверно также было за опытными группами. Затраты корма на 1 кг молока составили в контроле 0,74 энергетических корм. ед. (ЭКЕ), в опытных группах 0,71 и 0,69 ЭКЕ. Hungarian sainfoin was shown to be an effective perennial legume crop in the forage production of the Perm Territory. For 4 years (2012 2015) this crop produced forage mass, exchange energy and crude protein comparable to the ones of red clover and bastard alfalfa but exceeded them significantly in carbohydrate content. Haylage is the only type of winter forage that has sufficient concentrations of exchange energy, protein, carbohydrates and carotene, satisfying needs of highproductive livestock in nutrients. Haylage from Hungarian sainfoin was fed to Holstein BlackandWhite cows in the frame of experiments conducted in 2018. Cows consumed 2.3 3.9 kg more of dry matter (DM) with the haylage, compared to hay (control). Digestibilities of DM and organic matter were 2.55 5.80 and 2.54 4.14 higher than in the control group, respectively. For 120 days the experimental groups produced 3993 27.2 and 4144 31.9 kg of milk versus 3910 45.4 kg of the control one. The former also exceeded the latter in milk fat and protein contents. Fodder costs per 1 kg of milk amounted to 0.74 energy feed units in the control and 0.71 and 0.69 energy feed units in the experimental groups.

Internet of Things technologies in feed production and their efficiency

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
E.V. Khudyakova ◽  
◽  
Kh.K. Khudyakova ◽  
M.N. Stepantsevich ◽  
M.I. Gorbachev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Livestock Productivity ◽  
Use Of Internet ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology

Currently, Internet of Things technologies are increasingly used in agriculture. One of the distinctive features of the industry is the territorial dispersion of means of production and objects of labor, so the use of Internet of Things technologies gives the greatest effect here. In the context of the need to strengthen food security for such product groups as milk and dairy products, as well as beef, an important factor in increasing production is a strong feed base. The potential of livestock productivity can be fully realized only through the use of high-quality feed. Since 65-80% of the feed ration of livestock consists of grass feed (hay, haylage, green fodder, silage), this is exactly the segment of feed production where it is necessary to activate the reserves of its development. Obtaining high-quality grass feed depends largely on establishing the timing of mowing grass, when the ratio between the decreasing protein content and the increasing amount of fiber is optimal. Failure to comply with the optimal timing of harvesting grass feed can lead to a decrease in livestock productivity by up to 20%. Taking into account the large areas of forage crops, this task can be solved by using the Internet of Things technology with the use of remote sensing of crops and unmanned aerial vehicles (drones).

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