scholarly journals Derivation and its effect on the Qur'anic meaning through Tafsir Albahr Almuhit by Abu Hayyan Al-Andalusi: الاشتقاق وأثره في المعنى القرآني من خلال تفسير البحر المحيط لأبي حيان الأندلسي

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-1
Author(s):  
Fathelrahman Elnaeem Adam Elhag Fathelrahman Elnaeem Adam Elhag
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Word ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
Definition Of

This study dealt with one of the important phenomena that actively contributed to the development of language, directing the linguistic and lexical connotations of the Qur’anic vocabulary. In order to reach the meanings that fall under it that had an effective effect on enriching the science of interpretation of the Noble Qur’an, and it is the phenomenon of (the derivation) that endowed the vocabulary of the language and the Holy Qur’an with breadth in its highest meanings, and carried it from the connotations that renewed the Arabic word with a structure and meaning, thus opening the horizons of breadth and inclusion, through Tafsir Albahr Almuhit by Abu Hayyan Al-Andalusi. This study came in two chapters: The first dealt with the derivation: its importance and types. It came in two topics: the first dealt with the importance of derivation, dealing with the definition of derivation as a language and idiom, and the second topic dealt with the types of derivation. The second chapter deals with the derivation and its relationship with meaning. Then the conclusion came to include a set of findings and facts that were dealt with in this study, and the recommendation of researchers in this field to pay attention to the issue of derivation because of its impact on the development of linguistic and Quranic meaning alike, followed by the margins, and then the references that benefited from it.

Fifty Years of Economics in Language Policy: Critical Assessment and Priorities

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Grin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Mental Map ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Policy And Planning

This chapter offers a broad-based overview of language economics. Rather than assuming that the field can be characterized derivatively from the observation of “what economists do” when they talk about language, it proposes an analytical definition of language economics, in order to arrive at a theory-based typology of research. This results in a mental map of language economics, highlighting its connections with language policy. Since the first goal of this chapter is to provide orientation in language economics, it aims to be exhaustive in its identification of research directions but it does not discuss the contents of the latter in detail. I then focus on the application of language economics to the selection, design and evaluation of language policy and planning (LPP), emphasizing the need for economic analysis to embody sociolinguistic knowledge as a condition for practical relevance. This chapter also shows that reciprocally, sociolinguistic research, particularly when it is concerned with policy questions, significantly benefits from taking economic dimensions into account, since most LPP issues raise matters of efficiency and fairness that economics is comparatively well-equipped to address. In the closing section, four major research directions are identified as priorities for the future development of language economics.

scholarly journals PROFESSIONAL SELF-DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE TEACHERS AS PERCEIVED BY POSTGRADUATE PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION COURSES ATTENDEES

2021 ◽  
pp. 211-223
Author(s):  
Iryna Shynhof
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Definition Of

The article studies the language and literature teachers’ understanding of the characteristics and stages of professional self-development, their ability to plan their career growth. Attention is paid to the democratic principles and human-centered approach. The novelty of this article lies in the definition of the leading determinants of self-education as a factor of personal growth and professional development, the formation of a culture of personal development, emotional and volitional self-regulation. The methodological basis of the study is identified by the following approaches: acmeological, axiological, anthropocentric, learning-by-doing, competence, culturological, personal, synergetic, systematic. The subject of the study is language and literature teachers’ understanding of their professional development and postgraduate pedagogical education. Thus, this research demonstrates the relevance of the issues raised in this article. Future research needs to clarify the problems that hinder the creativity of teachers to deepen the knowledge about the theoretical and methodological principles of professional self-development, stimulate teachers to improve their professional competencies, focus on the creation of their trajectory of personal development.

Mysticism without Love

1974 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264
Author(s):  
R. C. Zaehner
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Essential Ingredient ◽  
Arabic Word ◽  
Actual Fact ◽  
Definition Of

‘Mysticism means to isolate the eternal from the originated.’ This is not my definition of the word ‘mysticism’ but that of the founder of the ‘orthodox’ school of Muslim mysticism, Al-Junayd of Baghdad who flourished in the ninth century a.d. In actual fact it is not a definition of mysticism at all but of the Arabic word tawḥīd which means primarily ‘the affirmation of unity’; and that surely is an essential ingredient of any form of mysticism: it is the affirmation through personal experience of unity either absolutely or in some qualified sense.

scholarly journals Ethnolinguistic significance of comparing human character with nature in Kazakh and English

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Zh. Eskazinova ◽  
◽  
G. Smagulova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
The People ◽  
Geographic Environment ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Cultural Linguistics ◽  
Historical Life ◽  
Culture And Language

Main problem: It is well known that the development of language in society, the development of speech, the formation of personality largely depends on the interaction of people. Therefore, they develop depending on the specifics of each nation and are one of the values that people have accumulated over the centuries. Comparison of human behavior with nature in English and Kazakh languages describes the spiritual life of each nation. It defines the national feelings, national behavior, national customs and traditions. Purpose: Comparative analysis of the values of the Kazakh and English peoples occupies a special place in the culture and language, the essence and content of which are indelible. This is a fount of cultural and historical life of the people, the spiritual value of the nation, such qualities as prudence and kindness. Methods: This article describes the ethnolinguistic foundations for comparing human character and nature in English and Kazakh. In cultural linguistics and cognitive linguistics, the concept of behavior is studied as an image of the world formed in the consciousness of an ethnic group. Based on the definition of the concept of behavior, the authors describe the manifestations of behavior in the national consciousness, the system of national thinking, beliefs, attitudes. It is noted that the formation of the behavior of unrelated Kazakhs and Englishmen depends on their geographic environment, nomadic lifestyle and behavior. Results and their significance: The phraseological units of the two languages used in this study clearly to show the characteristics of each nation. It is shown that forecasting natural phenomena for both peoples is closely related to their life, economy, occupation and plays an important role in people's lives.

L'idée de la sagesse et sa fonction dans la philosophie des 4e et 5e siècles

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Jolivet
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
Cultural System ◽  
Semantic Richness ◽  
Arabic Word ◽  
Definition Of

Starting from the Greek definition of philosophy as the love of wisdom, and from the semantic richness of the Arabic wordḥikma, several fourth- and fifth-century writers tried to establish the position of philosophy in the Islamic cultural system by identifying it with wisdom. For them this wisdom is tantamount to the ‘eternal wisdom’ recorded in the ancient books and taught by the prophets. Philosophers are described as the prophets' disciples or witnesses. However, depicting philosophy as eternal wisdom only gives the discipline an illusory advantage. Ultimately it reduces it to pure repetition and therefore precludes any change.

scholarly journals Language norm vs. literary norm: orthological analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
A. Aldash ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Ontological Category ◽  
Lexical Norms ◽  
Latin Script ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Language Capital ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Language

In connection with the transition of the Kazakh alphabet to the Latin script, further improvement of the orthological codification of the Kazakh language becomes relevant. As you know, the system-centric object of the science of orthology is the norm / linguistic norm / literary norm. In passing, we note that there are still unresolved issues in the definition of a linguistic norm / literary norm in linguistics. In recent years, the problems of orthology have been actively developed in Kazakh linguistics, incl. special attention was paid to the study of spelling, orthoepic, lexical norms of the modern Kazakh literary language. First of all, there is a need to define the essence of the norm as an ontological category and the creation of an integral orthological theory, which will contribute to a deeper understanding of the phenomenon in general of the linguistic norm, its systemic properties and functioning features, in particular. And also the unification and codification of the language norm will have an effective impact on further improving the language culture and the development of language capital will contribute to ensuring the full activity of the Kazakh language as a state language. The article analyzes the relationship and difference between the concepts of norm – linguistic norm – literary norm and the characteristic features of norms – regulatory function, tradition and internal dynamism.

Introductory paper

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
W. W. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Line Intensity ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Dimensional Array ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
Metallic Line ◽  
Introductory Paper ◽  
Parameter Varying ◽  
Definition Of

1. The definition of “normal” stars in spectral classification changes with time; at the time of the publication of theYerkes Spectral Atlasthe term “normal” was applied to stars whose spectra could be fitted smoothly into a two-dimensional array. Thus, at that time, weak-lined spectra (RR Lyrae and HD 140283) would have been considered peculiar. At the present time we would tend to classify such spectra as “normal”—in a more complicated classification scheme which would have a parameter varying with metallic-line intensity within a specific spectral subdivision.

2.2. Working Group 2: Conceptual Definitions of Reference Coordinate Systems for Earth Dynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Working Group ◽  
General Character ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Reference Coordinate System ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Earth Dynamics

An ideal definition of a reference coordinate system should meet the following general requirements:1. It should be as conceptually simple as possible, so its philosophy is well understood by the users.2. It should imply as few physical assumptions as possible. Wherever they are necessary, such assumptions should be of a very general character and, in particular, they should not be dependent upon astronomical and geophysical detailed theories.3. It should suggest a materialization that is dynamically stable and is accessible to observations with the required accuracy.

Symbiotic Stars at Optical, Infrared and Radio Wavelengths

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 125-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Type Star ◽  
Stellar Systems ◽  
Symbiotic Stars ◽  
Lower Excitation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Original Type

No paper of this nature should begin without a definition of symbiotic stars. It was Paul Merrill who, borrowing on his botanical background, coined the termsymbioticto describe apparently single stellar systems which combine the TiO absorption of M giants (temperature regime ≲ 3500 K) with He II emission (temperature regime ≳ 100,000 K). He and Milton Humason had in 1932 first drawn attention to three such stars: AX Per, CI Cyg and RW Hya. At the conclusion of the Mount Wilson Ha emission survey nearly a dozen had been identified, and Z And had become their type star. The numbers slowly grew, as much because the definition widened to include lower-excitation specimens as because new examples of the original type were found. In 1970 Wackerling listed 30; this was the last compendium of symbiotic stars published.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

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