scholarly journals The effect of supplementsl irrigation, foliar fertilization and NAA hormone on the alternate bearing in pistachio (pistacia vera L.): تأثير الري التكميلي والتسميد الورقي ومنظم النمو NAA على تبادل الحمل لأشجار الفستق الحلبي  Pistacia vera

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 31-15
Author(s):  
Abdullah Mohammad Alahmad, Muhammed Absi Kerdush, Muhammed A Abdullah Mohammad Alahmad, Muhammed Absi Kerdush, Muhammed A
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pistacia Vera ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
First Order ◽  
Pistachio Nut ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Fertilization Level

This research (study)was carried out over four years (2017-2020) on Ashori pistachio nut cultivar in a pistachio orchard located in Soran/Hama region (SYRIA) in order to determine the effect of leaves fertilisation, supplementsl irrigation, and NNA treatment on bud shedding, yield, and nut splitting rate in pistachio trees.The experiment was designed according to the split-split-pot designs, where the main plots included supplementsl irrigation treatment (without irrigation, winter irrigation, summer irrigation, winter and summer irrigation) and the first-order plots included leaves fertilization concentrations (0, 1 and 2 g.liter -1) and the second-order plots included NAA levels (0, 25 and 50 ppm). The results indicated that the percentage of floral buds falling down during the fruit yield season, was higher than the non-fruit yield season and it was at its lowest in the third season because of the combined effect of fertilization (2g/lit) and NAA (50 ppm) and it reached (30.9%) and followed by the treatment of NAA (50 ppm) which reached (31.2%). The yield average was at its highest in the fourth fruit yield season (39.49 kg) at the fourth irrigation treatment (winter + summer) whit it was in the control treatment) 29.17 kg). The average percentage of nut splitting in the fourth season was (97.1%) for the effect of fourth irrigation treatment and fertilization level (1 g/lit), followed by the fourth irrigation treatment which the nut splitting was (96.77%).    

scholarly journals Physiological and Productivity Responses of High-wire Tomato as Affected by Supplemental Light Source and Distribution within the Canopy

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celina Gómez ◽  
Cary A. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Tissue Temperature ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Use Efficiency

The relative coolness-to-touch of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has enabled commercial implementation of intracanopy lighting (ICL) in the greenhouse. Intracanopy lighting, which refers to the strategy of lighting along the side or from within the foliar canopy, can increase canopy photosynthetic activity, but physiological and productivity responses of high-wire greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to intracanopy supplemental lighting (SL) still are not yet fully understood. Two consecutive production experiments were conducted across seasons in a glass-glazed greenhouse located in a midnorthern, continental climate [lat. 40°N (West Lafayette, IN)]. Plants were grown from winter-to-summer [increasing solar daily light integral (DLI)] and from summer-to-winter (decreasing solar DLI) to compare three SL strategies for high-wire tomato production across changing solar DLIs: top lighting with high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS) vs. intracanopy LED vertical towers vs. hybrid SL (HPS + horizontal ICL-LEDs). A control treatment also was included for which no SL was provided. Supplemental DLI for each experimental period was adjusted monthly, to complement seasonal changes in sunlight, aiming to approach a target total DLI of 25 mol·m‒2·d‒1 during fruit set. Harvest parameters (total fruit fresh weight, number of fruit harvested, and average cluster fresh weight), tissue temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, and stomatal conductance (gS) were unaffected by SL treatment in both experiments. Among the physiological parameters evaluated, CO2 assimilation measured under light-saturating conditions, light-limited quantum-use efficiency, and maximum gross CO2 assimilation (Amax) proved to be good indicators of how ICL reduces the top-to-bottom decline in leaf photosynthetic activity otherwise measured with top lighting only (HPS-SL or solar). Although SL generally increased fruit yield relative to control, lack of SL treatment differences among harvest parameters indicates that higher crop photosynthetic activity did not increase fruit yield. Compared with control, intracanopy SL increased yield to the same extent as top SL, but the remaining photoassimilate from ICL most likely was partitioned to maintain nonharvested, vegetative plant parts as well.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen doses on disease severity and watermelon yield

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil R dos Santos ◽  
Manoel D de Castro Neto ◽  
Hudson SM de Almeida ◽  
Leandro N Ramos ◽  
Renato A Sarmento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Stem Blight ◽  
Gummy Stem Blight ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Severity Levels

Nitrogen fertilization is an important step for watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) production due to its influence over yield, fruit quality, and disease severity. Currently, the gummy stem blight (Didymella bryoniae) and the downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) can be taken as the most important watermelon diseases, since they impose severe impairment to the crop. Furthermore, studies focusing on plant responses to nitrogen fertilization regarding fruit yield and quality, and disease resistance are rare. Hence, the present study aimed at evaluating the effect of nitrogen doses on fruit yield and quality, and on disease prevalence in watermelon. Two experiments were carried out at the Universidade Federal de Tocantins, employing sprinkler irrigation, in an area previously used to grow watermelon. The experimental design was blocks at random, with five treatments (N doses, applied twice as side-dressing, in kg ha-1, as follows: T1= control treatment without N, T2= 20, T3= 40, T4= 80, and T5= 120), and four replications. Urea (45% N) was used as the N source. In the first assay, the highest fruit yield and average weight were observed when 40 kg ha-1 of N were applied. The highest severity of the gummy stem blight was observed when the highest nitrogen doses were applied (80 and 120 kg ha-1). In the second assay, the highest severity levels of the gummy stem blight, as well as of mildew, were observed again when N doses were the highest (80 and 120 kg ha-1). The lowest severity levels for both diseases were observed in the control treatment.

scholarly journals Management of Soilborne Diseases in Strawberry Using Vegetable Rotations

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 964-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Subbarao ◽  
Z. Kabir ◽  
F. N. Martin ◽  
S. T. Koike
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Soilborne Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rotational Crop ◽  
Infested Site

The influence of crop rotation on soilborne diseases and yield of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) was determined at a site infested with Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia and at another with no known history of V. dahliae infestation during 1997 to 2000. The rotations studied at the V. dahliae-infested site were (i) broccoli-broccoli-strawberry, (ii) Brussels sprouts-strawberry, and (iii) lettuce-lettuce-strawberry; the treatments at the site with no history of V. dahliae were (i) broccoli-broccoli-strawberry, (ii) cauliflower-cauliflower-strawberry, and (iii) lettuce-lettuce-strawberry. The effects of rotation on V. dahliae and Pythium populations, strawberry vigor, Verticillium wilt severity, and strawberry fruit yield were compared with a standard methyl bromide + chloropicrin fumigated control treatment at both sites. Rotations did not alter total population levels of Pythium spp. at either study site. However, V. dahliae microsclerotia were significantly reduced with br occoli and Brussels sprouts rotations compared with lettuce rotations at the V. dahliae-infested site. Reduced propagules led to lower Verticillium wilt severity on strawberry plants in the broccoli and Brussels sprouts rotations than in lettuce-rotated plots. Strawberry vigor and fruit yield were significantly lower in lettuce-rotated plots than in broccoli- and Brussels sprouts-rotated plots. Despite no detectable microsclerotia at the other site, strawberry vigor and fruit yield were greatest in plots rotated with broccoli, intermediate with cauliflower, and lowest with lettuce. None of the rotation treatments were better than the fumigated control for all variables measured. In the absence of fumigation, rotation with broccoli and Brussels sprouts is an effective cultural practice for managing Verticillium wilt in strawberry production; whereas, in fields with no detectable V. dahliae, broccoli is also a feasible rotational crop that enhances strawberry growth and yield. According to a cost-benefit analysis, the broccoli-strawberry rotation system could be an economically viable option provided growers are able to alternate years for strawberry cultivation.

scholarly journals Influence of Nonpermanent Netting on Foliar Spray Deposition, Insect Pest Prevalence, and Production of ‘Nadorcott’ Mandarin (Citrus reticulata)

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-675
Author(s):  
Ockert P.J. Stander ◽  
Jade North ◽  
Jan M. Van Niekerk ◽  
Tertia Van Wyk ◽  
Claire Love ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Thaumatotibia Leucotreta

This study aimed to determine the effects of different types of nonpermanent netting (NPN) on foliar spray deposition, insect pest prevalence, and production and fruit quality of ‘Nadorcott’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata) trees in a commercial orchard at Citrusdal (lat. 32 32′31″S, long. 19 0′42″E), Western Cape, South Africa. The deposition quantity (FPC%) of foliar spray volumes of 3500, 7000, or 15,000 L·ha−1 was greater for leaves of control trees compared with leaves treated with NPN during summer (January) (8.8 vs. 6.1; P = 0.0055) and winter (June) (4.8 vs. 3.1; P = 0.0035). Deposition uniformity (CV%) was better for control leaves during summer (64.9 vs. 75.2; P = 0.0062) and winter (59.6 vs. 80.5; P = 0.0014), and deposition quality (ICD%) was better during winter (79.4 vs. 84.2; P = 0.0393). There were no differences in FPC%, CV%, and ICD% for fruit when foliar spray volumes of 3500 and 15,000 L·ha−1 were used for the control and NPN treatment groups during winter. However, with a foliar spray volume of 7500 L·ha−1, fruit from the control treatment group had greater FPC% (19.3 vs. 6.1; P = 0.0262), CV% (70.3 vs. 50.9; P = 0.0484), and ICD% (57.1 vs. 79.9; P = 0.0157). There were no differences in macronutrient concentrations between the leaves of trees subjected to control and NPN treatments, but leaf zinc (<81%; P = 0.0317) and iron (<78%; P = 0.0041) concentrations were lower with the NPN treatment. During short NPN treatments, fruit yield was reduced by ≈37% compared with that after control treatment, and longer NPN treatments had no effect on fruit yield. The reduction in fruit yield with NPN was not related to the effects of NPN on foliar spray deposition or to lower leaf micronutrient concentrations. The lower fruit yield during short NPN treatments was most likely caused by fruit drop that was exacerbated by the removal of the NPN. In the long NPN treatment group, fruit damage caused by sunburn was reduced by 17%, but the outer canopy fruit experienced increased wind damage or scarring. Except for the lower titratable acidity content with the shortest NPN treatment and the higher Brix°:TA ratio with two NPN treatments, NPN did not impact other fruit quality attributes. The use of NPN excluded male wild false codling moths (Thaumatotibia leucotreta) (FCM) males; however, it was still possible to capture a very small amount of mass-released sterile FCM and wild fruit flies under the NPN.

scholarly journals Early Differences in the Intensity of Alternate Bearing Among Selected Pistachio Genotypes

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1740-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig E. Kallsen ◽  
Dan E. Parfitt ◽  
Brent Holtz
Keyword(s):  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Pistacia Vera ◽  
Kern County ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Old Trees

Alternate bearing (alternating years with high and low yields) is a prominent characteristic of ‘Kerman’ pistachio (Pistacia vera L.), the primary California cultivar. The degree of alternate bearing is described by alternate bearing index values from 0 (identical yields every year) to 1 (complete alternate bearing). Two separate and replicated trials designed to evaluate selections from a breeding program were conducted in the southwest (Kern County) and northeast (Madera County) areas of the San Joaquin Valley of California. Yields from the scion genotypes ‘Kerman’, ‘Golden Hills’, ‘Lost Hills’, ‘B5-8’, and ‘B19-1’ on PG1 rootstock were measured from 5- to 9-year-old trees in Kern County and from 5- to 7-year-old ‘Kerman’, ‘Golden Hills’, ‘Lost Hills’, and ‘B5-8’ trees on PG1 and UCB1 rootstock in Madera County. In Kern County, average annual yields among genotypes varied from a low of 208 to a high of 5273 kg·ha−1. Differences in the alternate bearing indices among genotypes were significant and ranged from 0.10 for ‘Lost Hills’ to 0.80 for ‘B19-1’. A similar pattern was observed for alternate bearing indices at the Madera County trial. In this younger trial, scion genotype had more influence on alternate bearing indices than did rootstock. Marked differences in the intensity of alternate bearing of young trees in these two trials suggest that alternate bearing might be amenable to selection in breeding programs. However, the observation that ‘B5-8’, with an alternate bearing index of 0.74, varied significantly from its female parent ‘Kerman’ at 0.36 suggests that inheritance is complex.

scholarly journals Efecto de la cobertura plástica y el encalado en chile, en el sureste de México.

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Roberto Zetina ◽  
Daniel E Uriza
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Management System ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Significant Response ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
High Input ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Heavy Rains

In the south of Veracruz, Mexico, 5000 ha of chili are cultivated annually in acids soils and with a low CIC. The sandy texture of the soil and the low rainfalls in the last three months of the year coincides with the productive stage of plantations established after the heavy rains of june and july. The objective of this study was to evaluate under rain conditions the effect of lime and plastic covering on the acidity of a recently exposed soil to the cultivation and production of “serrano” chili under a high input management system. The experimental design was one of divided parcels with three repetitions: in the big parcels with four dose of liming (0, 0.5, 1 and 3 t/ha of CaCO3) and in the small parcels two plastic coverings (black plastic/ white and plastic black) and a control treatment without covering. The total yield of fruit showed a significant response to the black/white plastic covering and to the interaction lime (1 ton/ha)- (black/ white plastic covering)obtaining increments of the 40% to 82% respectively. The fruit yield did not show a significant response to the lime. Treatments using lime increased the soil pH from 5.2 to 5.6 and the levels of interchangeable bases from 40 to 54 ppm K, 882- 1146 ppm Ca and 205-192 ppm of Mg.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of the Pistacia vera (L.) Fruits Enable the Identification of Genes and Hormone-Related Gene Linked to Inflorescence Bud Abscission

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Jubina Benny ◽  
Antonio Giovino ◽  
Francesco Paolo Marra ◽  
Bipin Balan ◽  
Federico Martinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Pistacia Vera ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Hormone Biosynthesis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Axillary Inflorescence ◽  
Insight Into

Pistacia vera (L.) is an alternate bearing species. The tree produces axillary inflorescence buds every year. Still, they abscise in “ON” overloaded shoots, causing a limited production in the following “OFF” year, causing a significant and unfavorable production fluctuation. In this work, we carried out de novo discovery and transcriptomic analysis in fruits of “ON” and “OFF” shoots of the cultivar Bianca. We also investigated whether the fruit signaling pathway and hormone biosynthesis directly or indirectly linked to the premature fall of the inflorescence buds causing alternate bearing. We identified 1536 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in fruits of “ON” vs. “OFF” shoots, which are involved primarily in sugar metabolism, plant hormone pathways and transcription factors. The premature bud abscission linked to the phenomenon is attributable to a lack of nutrients (primarily sugar) and the possible competition between the same branches’ sinks (fruits vs. inflorescence buds). Hormone pathways are involved as a response to signals degradation and remobilization of carbon and nutrients due to the strengthening of the developing embryos. Genes of the secondary metabolism and transcription factors are also involved in tailoring the individual branches response to the nutritional stress and sink competition. Crosstalk among sugar and various hormone-related genes, e.g., ethylene, auxin, ABA and cytokinin, were determined. The discovery of putative biomarkers like callose synthase 5, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, NAD(P)-linked oxidoreductase and MIOX2, Jasmonate, and salicylic acid-related genes can help to design precision farming practices to mitigate the alternate bearing phenomenon to increase farming profitability. The aim of the analysis is to provide insight into the gene expression profiling of the fate of “ON” and “OFF” fruits associated with the alternate bearing in the pistachio.

scholarly journals Identifying coastal saline soil management practices to reduce land degradation and increase crop production in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-159
Author(s):  
Mohammad Asadul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Salt Accumulation ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

A consecutive three year duration field experiment was carried out to identify which of a suitable mulch material and a planting bed or their combinations potentially reduce salt accumulation in soil and increase snake gourd yield in coastal saline soils. There were nine treatment combinations having three kinds of mulch materials: no mulch (control), rice straw mulch and plastic mulch, and three kinds of planting beds: convex bed, flat bed and concave bed. Plastic mulch reduced electrical conductivity of soil by 32% and increased soil temperature by 23% and gravimetric soil moisture content by 25% over control treatment. Plastic mulch had a fruit yield of 30.73, 28.06 and 26.32 t ha-1, which was 72, 237 and 268 % higher than control treatment in 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. The convex bed planting had significantly higher fruit yield than flat bed and concave bed planting. Plastic mulching and convex bed planting may therefore be recommended for reducing soil salinity and improving snake gourd yield in coastal saline regions. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 44, No. 2, 145-159, 2020

scholarly journals Effect ofMulches and Phosphorus on Growth and Yield of Squash (Cucurbita pepo)

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
F Akhter ◽  
T Mostarin ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
S Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Two Factors

This study was conducted at the Horticultural Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during October, 2015 to January, 2016 to determine the effects of mulches and phosphorus on the growth and yield of squash (Cucurbita pepo). The experiment consisted of two factors. Factor A: different mulches and Factor B: phosphorus (3 levels). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Mulches and phosphorus showed significant effects on most of the parameters. In case of mulches, highest individual fruit weight (328.0 g) and fruit yield (37.0 tha-1) was recorded from black polythene, whereas the lowest fruit weight (280.8 g) and fruit yield (21.5 tha-1) was recorded from control. In case of phosphorus, highest individual fruit weight (300.4 g) and fruit yield (31.3 tha-1) was recorded from 90 kg P2O5/ha,whereas the lowest fruit weight (290.4 g) and fruit yield (26.2 tha-1) was recorded from control. For combination, highest individual fruit weight (338.2 g) and fruit yield (39.9 t ha-1) were recorded from black polythene with 90 kg P2O5/ha while the lowest individual fruit weight (272.2 g) and fruit yield (19.7 t ha-1) were recorded from control treatment. Black polythene mulch with 90 kg P2O5/ha was found suitable for squash cultivation under the condition of the study. The Agriculturists 2018; 16(2) 25-34

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