scholarly journals The marriage contract by contemporary channels of communication – A comparative study between jurisprudence theories and Iranian family law –: عقد النكاح بوسائل الاتصال الحديثة – دراسة مقارنة بين النظريات الفقهية وقانون الأحوال الشخصية الإيراني –

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-97
Author(s):  
Shamseddin Rostami Gheshmi Shamseddin Rostami Gheshmi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Electronic Application ◽  
Iranian Law ◽  
Iranian Family ◽  
Marriage Contract ◽  
Traditional Marriage

Marriage contract by contemporary means of communication is a marriage in which communication is carried out between the parties of the contract via the Internet.  The channels are confined to writing, oral, or direct witnessing.  This contract is one of the new conflicts in the matter of family law. The study followed the jurisprudential conditional method in order to derive the ruling on the marriage contract through these channels by presenting the opinions of the four jurisprudential schools of thought and the leading doctrine. Next, the study applied the descriptive analytical and comparative approach by mentioning, analysing, comparing, discussing, and then weighing the opinions. Then the relevant articles were mentioned in the Iranian Family Law. The research concluded with a set of results. The most important of which is that marriage through written, audio, or visual means of communication is permissible and does not differ in its validity from the direct and traditional marriage contract. Furthermore, all the conditions of the marriage contract stipulated in Iranian law do not oppose the marriage contract through modern channels of communication. Moreover, the only difference is in the use of modern channels of communication through which all the elements and conditions of marriage can be met.  Accordingly, the legal articles related to this issue can be amended in the Iranian Family Law.  The research recommended amending Article 1062 of the Iranian Family Law to include marriage by modern channels of communication and an electronic application is to be created for this purpose. The research has laid down the basics on which the application is based, such as a statement of scope of its use, its specifications, and other related matters.

Comparative Study of Different Activation Treatments for the Preparation of Activated Carbon: A Mini-Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Din ◽  
Sania Ashraf ◽  
Azeem Intisar
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Adsorption Mechanisms ◽  
Temperature Activation ◽  
Activation Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Characterisation Techniques

In this review, various methods of preparation of activated carbon from agricultural and commercial waste material are reviewed. In addition, we also discuss various activation treatments using a comparative approach. The data are organised in tabulated form for ease of comparative study. A review of numerous characterisation techniques is also provided. The effect of time and temperature, activation conditions, carbonisation conditions and impregnation ratios are explained and several physical and chemical activation treatments of raw materials and their impact on the micro- and mesoporous volumes and surface area are discussed. Lastly, a review of adsorption mechanisms of activated carbon (AC) is also provided.

Open access to scientific information: comparative study in DOAJ

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4/5) ◽  
pp. 364-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Stoyanova Trencheva ◽  
Tania Yordanova Todorova
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Open Access Journals ◽  
Global Movement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Important Position ◽  
The Moment

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to provide a comparative retrospective analysis of Bulgarian, Turkish and Croatian Open Access (OA) journals added in Directory of Open Access journals (DOAJ) in the period 2002-2013. Design/methodology/approach – First of all, the study is focussed on brief review of definitions and descriptions of the OA as a global movement. In the study were analyzed the three main OA initiatives and was shown the difference between Golden Road and Green Road. Second of all, the authors used the comparative approach and made a comparative study of the OA journals in Bulgaria, Turkey and Croatia and present the evaluation results and findings. Findings – Qualitative and quantitative data for the study are collected by the DOAJ. The data are analyzed in terms of quantity and period, and the results are presented graphically and tabular and finally there are made major specific conclusions and recommendations. Originality/value – The paper shows that OA in the digital space has an important position in scientific research. There are many discussion issues related to the problems of OA, but overall study of OA to scientific information, and in particular comparative study of Bulgarian, Turkish and Croatian journals in the DOAJ does not exist at the moment.

scholarly journals IR4.0: unmanned store apps

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1540
Author(s):  
Saidatul Rahah Hamidi ◽  
Muhammad Afiq Muhamad Yusof ◽  
Shuhaida Mohamed Shuhidan ◽  
Shamsiah Abd Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Strategic Marketing ◽  
Retail Industry ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Internet Of Things

<span>The Internet of Things (IoT) is predicted to be one of the major megatrends in technology that applies worldwide including in Malaysia. Current advantages and expectations of using a connected device has become a reason to use applications in many areas, including the field of retail industry. The evolvement of technology has changed the retail landscape that replaces the manpower in their operations to improve the efficiency, quality and work ethics. Hence, this paper discussed comparative study of technology innovation applied and process flow in unmanned store from different country. Next, prototype of unmanned store apps was designed according to the most preferred technology based on the comparative study. IoT retailer model can be used to improve the retail experience for the customers. Thus, it may perform strategic marketing and gain retail intelligence. Besides, the revolution of using technology in this retail industry is contributing towards Industry 4.0 through digital transformation.</span>

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Internet Usage Among University Students: A Study of the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (34) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Akram Hossain ◽  
Md. Habibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Business Studies ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
The University ◽  
The Comparative Study

Internet is a versatile tool used by the students that draws attention of many researchers. But little research has been found regarding the comparative study of internet usage among university students. For this reason, the study surveyed the internet usage among university students coming from Business Studies, Science & Arts disciplines at University of Dhaka, Bangladesh and the overall perceptions towards the internet usage. So we developed a survey questionnaire and collected data on students’ demographics, internet usage behavior and purposes of internet use. Therefore, we distributed 50 questionnaires to each discipline and a total of 150 questionnaires were returned and all were usable. Then we analyzed the obtained data using SPSS. The results show that the percentage of internet usage among the students coming from Business Studies, Science and Arts disciplines is 100%, 92% and 90% respectively. The study recommends that the students coming from Science and Arts background should enhance the internet usage. And the students from all backgrounds should enhance the frequency of internet access per day and invest more on internet usage. The study also recommends that the universities should provide adequate internet facilities and enabling environment for student. This study provides a theoretical and empirical basis for further studies on internet usage of university students.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Conditions for the Purpose of Guarantee in Mudarabah Contracts Perspective of Islamic Jurisprudence and Iran's Civil Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-382
Author(s):  
Bijan Haji Azizi ◽  
Marzieh Younesi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Iranian Law ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Made In

AbstractContract for practical investment are made in two forms, direct and indirect. Both of the contracts havedifferentiation so does the guaranteed interest condition for them. In the first method, which is the interest of direct investment, the owner of the capital is an investment agentand only interested investors are determined in terms and conditions. In this case from investment, interest is guaranteed by the fact that the investment recipient is committed to buy products produced at price that guarantee logical interest for investors. The accuracy of this guarantee condition is to ensure in term of Islamic law and jurisprudence because commitment to purchase is necessary condition. However in the second form, unlike the first, investor interest is indirectly decided and guaranteed and conditions are increasingly attractive by carrying out industrial and manufacturing activities. This form of interest is also considered legal and valid both in Islamic law and Iran's Civil Law and practically based on the principles of conditions and article 234 of Iran's civil law. So, the main problem of this research the validityof the guaranteed interest conditions in Iranian jurisprudence and law.Keywords: Guaranteed Profit Conditions, Jurisprudence, Iranian Law, MudarabahAbstrakKontrak untuk investasi praktis dibuat dalam dua bentuk, baik langsung maupun tidak langsung. Kedua metode investasi ini memiliki perbedaan, dan kondisi bunga yang dijamin untuk mereka juga akan berbeda. Pada metode pertama, yang merupakan bunga investasi langsung, pemilik modal adalah agen investasi, dan hanya bagi investor yang tertarik ditentukan dalam syarat dan ketentuan. Dalam hal investasi, bunga dijamin dengan fakta bahwa penerima investasi berkomitmen untuk membeli produk yang diproduksi dengan harga yang terjamin. Kondisi jaminan ini dipastikan baik dari segi hukum dan yurisprudensi Islam, karena adanya komitmen untuk membeli adalah syarat mutlak yang diperlukan. Namun dalam bentuk kedua, tidak seperti yang pertama, minat investor secara tidak langsung diputuskan dan dijamin dan kondisinya semakin menarik dengan melakukan kegiatan industri dan manufaktur. Bentuk minat ini juga dianggap sah, baik dalam hukum Islam dan Hukum Perdata Iran, serta sangat praktis berdasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip kelayakan dan pasal 234 hukum sipil Iran. Jadi, pertanyaan utama dari penelitian ini adalah seberapa validkah kondisi bunga yang dijamin dalam yurisprudensi dan hukum Iran?Kata kunci: Kondisi Keuntungan Terjamin, Yurisprudensi, Hukum Iran, MudarabahАннотацияКонтракты на практические инвестиции заключаются в двух формах - прямых и посредственных. У этих двух инвестиционных методов есть различия, и условия гарантированного процента для них также отличаются. В первом методе, который представляет интерес прямых инвестиций, владелец капитала также является инвестиционным агентом, и только заинтересованные инвесторы определяются по положениям и условиям. В случае инвестиций, интерес гарантируется тем фактом, что получатель инвестиций стремится покупать продукты, произведенные по гарантированным ценам. Условия данной гарантии обеспечиваются с точки зрения исламского права и исламской юриспруденции, поскольку обязательство по покупке является необходимым условием. Но во второй форме, в отличие от первой, заинтересованность инвестора определяется  и гарантируется посредственным образом, а условия становятся все более привлекательными при осуществлении промышленной и производственной деятельности. Эта форма также считается законной и действительной как в исламском праве, так и в гражданском праве Ирана и практически основана на принципах обладания правом и статье 234 гражданского права Ирана. Итак, главный вопрос этого исследования состоит в том, насколько верны условия гарантированного интереса в иранской юриспруденции и Иранском праве.Ключевые слова: условия гарантированной прибыли, юриспруденция, иранское право, мудараба  

Comparative analyses of skincare product advertisements in Georgian and English

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Gvarishvili
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Signature Strengths ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Scientific Terminology ◽  
Persuasive Strategies ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Media Formats

Across the gamut of media formats – from television to the Internet – beauty product advertising influences consumers on a daily basis. Each advertisement seeks to persuade potential buyers of the product's value, or even its necessity for the buyer's well-being and self-image. These techniques, sometimes manipulative in nature, affect consumers’ self-concepts. One of the signature strengths of the beauty advertisement lies in its ability to transform seemingly mundane objects into highly desirable products. In some cases, the beauty industry uses buzzwords and scientific words to convince consumers of a product's value; these linguistic devices describe the product's apparent capabilities and appeal to the consumer's ego by suggesting that the product will enhance the assets the consumer already possesses. All things considered, the present paper deals with a comparative study of skincare product advertisements in English and Georgian and focuses on the use of persuasive strategies, buzzwords and scientific terminology in the advertisements that manipulate and influence potential consumers.

Cohabitation in the Slovak Republic: Myth or Reality?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilla Garayová
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Central European ◽  
Traditional Marriage ◽  
Legal Consequences

The following article deals with the issue of cohabitation in the Slovak Republic. An institute, that while does not formally exist in Slovak legal order, still has certain legal consequences. Slovak family law is facing a comprehensive transformation, so it is expected, that many of the issues outlined in the submitted article will be properly dealt with in the expected recodification of Slovak civil law, that will include family law as well. As far as the current legal framework however, it leaves much to be desired. There is no legal institute which would be an alternative to traditional marriage, nor an institute which would comprehensively cover the legal status, rights and duties of cohabitants. This is due to the traditional nature of Slovak family law, the way the institute of marriage and family are dealt with in our legal order. While a comprehensive legal framework of cohabitation is missing, it cannot be said that the Slovak legislation ignores cohabitation – there are many legal consequences in various fields of law that relate to the rights of cohabitants. The article highlights the gaps in these areas as well as potential opportunities for future legislation. The research was carried out within the framework of the Central European Professors’ Network coordinated by the Ferenc Mádl Institute of Comparative Law.

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