scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Lumpur PDAM dan Zeolit sebagai Media Imobilisasi Bakteri terhadap Produksi Biogas dari Limbah Organik Pasar (Effect of Addition PDAM Sludge and Zeolite as Bacterial Immobilization Media on Biogas Production from Organic Waste)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 058
Author(s):  
Wivina Diah Ivontianti ◽  
Rinjani Ratih Rakasiwi ◽  
Dwi Asniawati
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cell Immobilization ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Anaerobic Decomposition ◽  
Composition Ratio ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Gas Volume

Abstract Organic waste can be processed into biogas through the anaerobic decomposition process. Anaerobic decomposition can be influenced by various factors including the addition of immobilization media. Cell immobilization is an attempt to increase the stability of the anaerobic process while reducing the potential for washout. Adding this solid material can increase reactor efficiency and can increase methane yield. The research on the addition of zeolite and PDAM sludge as immobilization media aims to find out how the effect of the addition of immobilized media, as well as the best composition between PDAM slurry and zeolite as immobilization media in the biogas production process from organic waste. The immobilization media used has three variations in the composition ratio between PDAM sludge and zeolites, namely 2:0, 2:1, 1:1 and a control reactor. Observation parameter are of VS, pH, concentration of methane gas and gas volume. Based on observations made, it was known that the addition of zeolite and sludge PDAM as a medium of immobilization in the biogas production process could increase biogas production and the concentration of methane produced. Of the three variations in the composition of the media used in this study, the composition ratio of 2: 1 gave the best biogas production results in the amount of 23.2844 L. As for the methane concentration, the overall reactor with the addition of immobilization media results in higher biogas concentrations and the reactor with the addition of media with a ratio of 2: 1 gave the largest methane concentration results. Keywords: biogas, immobilization, PDAM  Sludge, zeolite Abstrak Sampah organik pasar dapat diolah menjadi biogas melalui proses penguraian anaerobik. Penguraian anaerobik ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor diantaranya penambahan media imobilisasi. Imobilisasi sel adalah salah satu usaha untuk meningkatkan stabilitas proses anaerob sekaligus mengurangi potensi washout. Penambahan material padatan ini dapat meningkatkan efisiensi reaktor dan dapat meningkatkan yield metana. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh penambahan media imobilisasi tersebut, serta komposisi terbaik antara lumpur limbah PDAM dan zeolit sebagai media imobilisasi pada proses produksi biogas dari limbah pasar. Media imobilisasi yang digunakan memiliki tiga variasi perbandingan komposisi antara lumpur PDAM dan zeolit, yaitu 2:0, 2:1,  1:1 dan  reaktor kontrol. Parameter pengamatan adalah  nilai VS, pH, konsentrasi gas metana, dan volume gas. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan yang dilakukan diketahui bahwa penambahan zeolit dan lumpur PDAM sebagai media imobilisasi pada proses produksi biogas dapat meningkatkan produksi biogas serta konsentrasi metana yang dihasilkan. Dari tiga variasi perbandingan komposisi media yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, perbandingan komposisi  2:1 memberikan hasil produksi biogas terbaik yaitu sebesar 23,2844 L. Sedangkan untuk konsentrasi metana, reaktor dengan penambahan media imobilisasi menghasilkan konsentrasi biogas yang  lebih tinggi dengan hasil terbaik yaitu variasi  perbandingan 2:1. Kata kunci: biogas, immobilisasi, lumpur PDAM, zeolit

scholarly journals Percobaan Produksi Biogas dari Kotoran Sapi dan Kotoran Ayam dengan Penambahan Enzim Papain

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Zulfikar Ali As ◽  
Hardiono Hardiono ◽  
Syarifudin A.
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Anaerobic Decomposition

Production of Biogas from Cow Manure and Chicken Manure with Addition of Papain. Farms not only contribute positively to meet the demands of protein and increase incomes but also have a negative impact on the environment due to their wastes, especially manure. Biogas produced from the anaerobic decomposition of organic waste is a solution of manure utilization to be a fuel which is cheap and environmentally friendly. To accelerate the production of biogas it is needed a proteoloitik enzyme from papaya, which is called papain. This study aims to calculate the production of biogas from cow manure and chicken manure with addition of papain. The experiments were conducted in the digester made from plastic drums and observed for 30 days. The results showed that the papain influenced of production acceleration of biogas from cow manure. Comparison of biogas production in a week from cow manure: cow manure + 2 kgs of papaya pieces: cow manure + 4 kgs of papaya pieces are 202.7 liters: 263 liters: 332.3 liters. Cow manure did not need other ingredients except water with ratio 1: 1½ . Chicken manure had not been able to produce biogas because their CN ratio was not eligible, although the chaff had been added to increase the carbon content. Biogas from cow manure with addition of papain can be applied on a wider scale, while biogas from chicken manure requires other ingredients that biodegrade easier to add C content in the mixture. Keywords : biogas; cow manure; chicken manure; papain

scholarly journals Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Human Excreta and Corn Stalk for Biogas Production

REAKTOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Agus Hadiyarto ◽  
Dyah Ayu Pratiwi ◽  
Aldila Ayu Prida Septiyani
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Anaerobic Decomposition ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Human Excreta ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Gas Volume

The anaerobic decomposition process of human feces substrate with a C/N ratio of 14.6 has failed to produce biogas optimally. In order to produce biogas maximally, the C/N ratio in the substrate should be in the range of 20-30. In this study, a combination of human feces substrate (C / N = 14.6) with corn stalk waste (C / N = 66.5) was carried out. Corn stalks were soaked first in a NaOH solution to separate lignin before being mixed with human feces. In this study the effect of the C/N ratio from the combination of feces and corn stalks as well as the effect of the type of activated sludge on the rate of biogas production were evaluated. The C/N ratios were varied at 20, 25, and 30 with F/M of 0.5. As the source of microbes is the activated sludge of human feces. A further experiment was carried out by varying the types of microbes where sludge from cow's rumen, activated sludge from feces, and activated sludge from rotten corn stalk was employed at a C/N ratio of 30 and F/M of 0.5. The results of this study showed that the optimal biogas production was obtained at a C/N ratio of 30 with a cumulative gas volume of 13.185 ml for 60 days. The type of microbes that produce maximum biogas production was the activated sludge from the rumen. The optimum biogas yield was obtained at 4.184 liters/kg COD, which was achieved in the stationary phase with a C/N ratio of 30.Keywords: anaerobic co-digestion; biogas; corn stalk; human feces

scholarly journals SISTEM BIOGAS SEBAGAI EERGI TERBARUKAN SKALA RUMAH TANGGA DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN LIMBAH KOTORAN BURUNG PUYUH

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Eddy Elfiano ◽  
Muhammad Cendekia Fadhilah ◽  
Mohd Shahbudin Masdar
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Production Process ◽  
System Design ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Fiber Glass ◽  
Biogas Energy ◽  
Gas Volume

Bioenergy development is very important as a source of energy supply in the future. One of the bioenergy that can be developed to be used in the household is biogas energy. Biogas production process through anaerobic degradation of organic materials such as livestock is one of the technological solutions to produce alternative energy. The objective of this study is to obtain a simple household biogas system design with quail manure waste material. The method used in this study is an experimental method by measuring differences in manometer height, biogas pressure, gas volume development, gas volume, biogas production, and flame test. This study used quail and water manure with a ratio of 1: 1 at a digester capacity of 0.121 m3. Data collection was carried out for 50 days. In this research, the household scale biogas system constructed  of a fiber glass drum with 44 cm diameter and 80 cm height. The results show that pressure generated for 50 days is 104,895 N / m2, with the development of the volume of gas per day an average of 0.047 m3, the volume of biogas produced for 50 days is 1.82 m3, and produces a flame on the stove for 1 hour 36 minutes.

scholarly journals Optimization of Renewable Energy Production by Utilizing Methane Gas And plastic waste from sources at the Puuwatu landfill Kendari City

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 25302-25311
Author(s):  
Yuspian Gunawan ◽  
La Karimuna ◽  
Lukas Kano M. ◽  
Nanang Endriatno
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
The People ◽  
Gas Volume ◽  
The City

This study aims to determine how much electric power can be generated from methane gas obtained from organic waste and how much electrical energy has not been utilized from the potential methane gas produced and how much volume of pyrolysis oil is produced from plastic waste produced by the people of the City. Kendari. To obtain the electrical energy produced, the volume of waste is first calculated so that the potential for waste (Q), Biogas Production Volume (VBS), and Methane Gas Volume (VGM) can be obtained. Referring to Kadir's research, 2012, the volume of pyrolysis oil produced by Kendari City is obtained. The results showed that the energy produced from the Puuwatu TPA in a daily average was 288,466,5332 kWh. While the energy flowing through the Mandirin Energi area is 125 houses and each house with a power of 450 VA (MCB 2 Ampere), the daily count used to fulfill the energy independent area is 1,080 kWh, so that energy has not been utilized from its potential. in Puuwatu TPA is 287,386.5332 kWh. While the production of plastic waste in Kendari City per year is 792 tons, the average plastic waste produced in 500 grams is 423.25 ml of pyrolysis oil or the equivalent of 1000 grams produces pyrolysis oil of 845.6 milliliters, so the amount of plastic waste in Kendari City per year year it can produce pyrolysis oil of 670 428 000 liters.   Keywords: Organic Waste, Methane Gas, Electrical Energy, Pyrolysis Oil, Plastric Waste.

Atomic disruption beam theory

2016 ◽  
pp. 3524-3528
Author(s):  
Casey Ray McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Beam ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Material Matter ◽  
Solid Matter ◽  
Plasma Generation ◽  
Resulting Effect ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
The Stability

In this paper, I discuss the theory behind the use of a dense, concentrated neutron particle-based beam. I look at the particle based physics behind such a beam, when it is focused against solid material matter. Although this idea is still only theoretical, it appears that such a beam may be capable of disrupting the stability of the atoms within solid matter- in some cases by passing great volumes of neutrons between the electron and nucleus thus effectively “shielding” the electron from the charge of the nucleus. In other cases, by disrupting the nucleus by firing neutrons into it, disrupting the nucleus and weakening its bond on electrons. In either case- the resulting effect would be a disruption of the atom, which in the case of material matter would cause said material matter to fail, which would appear to the observer as liquification with some plasma generation. Thus, a dense neutron particle based beam could be used to effectively liquefy material matter. Such a beam could bore through rock, metal, or even thick, military grade armour, like that used on tanks- causing such materials to rapidly liquefy. The denser and thicker the neutron beam, the more devastating the effect of the beam- thus the faster material matter will liquefy and the greater the area of liquification. Such a beam would have applications in Defence, mining and drilling operations.

Statistical Management of Food Production Processes

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
N.A. Jurk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Control Chart ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Shewhart Control ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
Mnemonic Technique ◽  
The Stability

The article presents scientific research in the field of statistical controllability of the food production process using the example of bakery products for a certain time interval using statistical methods of quality management. During quality control of finished products, defects in bakery products were identified, while the initial data were recorded in the developed form of a checklist for registering defects. It has been established that the most common defect is packaging leakage. For the subsequent statistical assessment of the stability of the production process and further analysis of the causes of the identified defect, a Shewhart control chart (p-card by an alternative feature) was used, which allows you to control the quality of manufactured products by the number of defects detected. Analyzing the control chart, it was concluded that studied process is conditionally stable, and the emerging defects are random. At the last stage of the research, the Ishikawa causal diagram was used, developed using the 6M mnemonic technique, in order to identify the most significant causes that affect the occurrence of the considered defect in bakery products. A more detailed study will allow the enterprise to produce food products that meet the established requirements.

scholarly journals Sugarcane Bagasse as a Co-Substrate with Oil-Refinery Biological Sludge for Biogas Production Using Batch Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion Technology: Effect of Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Aiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb ◽  
Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty ◽  
Gasim Hayder Ahmed Salih ◽  
Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba ◽  
Azmatullah Noor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Biological Sludge

Man-made organic waste leads to the rapid proliferation of pollution around the globe. Effective bio-waste management can help to reduce the adverse effects of organic waste while contributing to the circular economy at the same time. The toxic oily-biological sludge generated from oil refineries’ wastewater treatment plants is a potential source for biogas energy recovery via anaerobic digestion. However, the oily-biological sludge’s carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio is lower than the ideal 20–30 ratio required by anaerobic digestion technology for biogas production. Sugarcane bagasse can be digested as a high C/N co-substrate while the oily-biological sludge acts as a substrate and inoculum to improve biogas production. In this study, the best C/N with co-substrate volatile solids (VS)/inoculum VS ratios for the co-digestion process of mixtures were determined empirically through batch experiments at temperatures of 35–37 °C, pH (6–8) and 60 rpm mixing. The raw materials were pre-treated mechanically and thermo-chemically to further enhance the digestibility. The best condition for the sugarcane bagasse delignification process was 1% (w/v) sodium hydroxide, 1:10 solid-liquid ratio, at 100 °C, and 150 rpm for 1 h. The results from a 33-day batch anaerobic digestion experiment indicate that the production of biogas and methane yield were concurrent with the increasing C/N and co-substrate VS/inoculum VS ratios. The total biogas yields from C/N 20.0 with co-substrate VS/inoculum VS 0.06 and C/N 30.0 with co-substrate VS/inoculum VS 0.18 ratios were 2777.0 and 9268.0 mL, respectively, including a methane yield of 980.0 and 3009.3 mL, respectively. The biogas and methane yield from C/N 30.0 were higher than the biogas and methane yields from C/N 20.0 by 70.04 and 67.44%, respectively. The highest biogas and methane yields corresponded with the highest C/N with co-substrate VS/inoculum VS ratios (30.0 and 0.18), being 200.6 mL/g VSremoved and 65.1 mL CH4/g VSremoved, respectively.

scholarly journals Biogas potential of organic waste onboard cruise ships — a yet untapped energy source

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Schumüller ◽  
Dirk Weichgrebe ◽  
Stephan Köster
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
Detailed Presentation

AbstractTo tap the organic waste generated onboard cruise ships is a very promising approach to reduce their adverse impact on the maritime environment. Biogas produced by means of onboard anaerobic digestion offers a complementary energy source for ships’ operation. This report comprises a detailed presentation of the results gained from comprehensive investigations on the gas yield from onboard substrates such as food waste, sewage sludge and screening solids. Each person onboard generates a total average of about 9 kg of organic waste per day. The performed analyses of substrates and anaerobic digestion tests revealed an accumulated methane yield of around 159 L per person per day. The anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste (50:50 VS) emerged as particularly effective and led to an increased biogas yield by 24%, compared to the mono-fermentation. In the best case, onboard biogas production can provide an energetic output of 82 W/P, on average covering 3.3 to 4.1% of the total energy demand of a cruise ship.

scholarly journals The stability of major and trace element concentrations from musts to Champagne during the production process

OENO One ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Robin Cellier ◽  
Sylvain Berail ◽  
Ekaterina Epova ◽  
Julien Barre ◽  
Fanny Claverie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Overall Stability ◽  
The Stability

Thirty-nine Champagnes from six different brands originating from the AOC Champagne area were analyzed for major and trace element concentrations in the context of their production processes and in relation to their geographical origins. Inorganic analyses were performed on the must (i.e., grape juice) originating from different AOC areas and the final Champagne. The observed elemental concentrations displayed a very narrow range of variability. Typical concentrations observed in Champagne are expressed in mg/L for elements such as K, Ca, Mg, Na, B, Fe, A, and Mn. They are expressed in µg/L for trace elements such as Sr, Rb, Ba, Cu, Ni, Pb Cr and Li in decreasing order of concentrations. This overall homogeneity was observed for Sr and Rb in particular, which showed a very narrow range of concentrations (150 < Rb < 300 µg/L and 150 < Sr < 350 µg/L) in Champagne. The musts contained similar levels of concentration but showed slightly higher variability since they are directly influenced by the bedrock, which is quite homogenous in the AOC area being studied. Besides the homogeneity of the bedrock, the overall stability of the concentrations recorded in the samples can also be directly linked to the successive blending steps, both at the must level and prior to the final bottling. A detailed analysis of the main additives, sugar, yeast and bentonite, during the Champagne production process, did not show a major impact on the elemental signature of Champagne.

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