scholarly journals EKSISTENSI PRINSIP PENCEMAR MEMBAYAR DALAM SISTEM PENEGAKAN HUKUM AGRARIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fajar Sugianto ◽  
Sanggup Leonard Agustian ◽  
Nisa Permata Basti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
International Law ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Legal Liability ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Polluter Pays Principle ◽  
Compensation Payments ◽  
Economic Instrument

Law Number 32 of 2009 concern about Environmental Protection and Management does not provide adequate regulation in providing sanctions against perpetrators of pollution, except only providing a legal basis for employers to provide compensation payments to victims of pollution. Therefore it is necessary to know about the position of the Polluter Pays Principle in the Environmental Legal System as Agrarian Reform. The principle of paying polluters who have the function of authorizing should not be formulated in the explanatory section of the article. If following the explanation of Law No. 23 of 1997 concerning Environmental Management, the purpose of the principle of polluter pays, even has many meanings such as paying to pollute or can be interpreted as a license to pollute. As a result of the study of international law, the principle of polluter pays has two meanings, namely as an economic instrument with the intention of charging fees to potential polluters and is also interpreted as a basic instrument to hold legal liability for incidents of environmental pollution.Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup tidak memberikan pengaturan memadai dalam memberikan sanksi terhadap pelaku pencemaran, kecuali hanya memberikan landasan hukum bagi pengusaha untuk memberikan pembayaran kompensasi kepada korban pencemaran. Oleh karena itu perlu mengetahui mengenai kedudukan Prinsip Pencemar Membayar (Polluter Pays Principle) dalam Sistem Hukum Lingkungan Sebagai Reformasi Agraria. Prinsip Pencemar Membayar yang memiliki fungsi mengesahkan seharusnya tidak dirumuskan dalam bagian penjelasan pasal. Jika mengikuti penjelasan Undang-undang No. 23 Tahun 1997 tentang Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, maka maksud Prinsip Pencemar Membayar, bahkan memiliki banyak pemaknaan seperti membayar untuk mencemari (paying to pollute) atau dapat dimaknai sebagai license to pollute. Hasil telaah hukum internasional, prinsip pencemar membayar memiliki dua pemaknaan, yaitu sebagai instrumen ekonomi dengan maksud pembebanan biaya kepada pelaku pencemar yang potensial dan diartikan juga sebagai instrument dasar untuk menuntut pertanggungjawaban hukum atas terjadinya kasus pencemaran lingkungan.

scholarly journals O rozgraniczaniu statutów i wsysaniu regulacji prawnej (na przykładzie prawa stosowanego do oceny różnych aspektów powołania i funkcjonowania wykonawcy testamentu i zarządcy sukcesyjnego przedsiębiorstwem)

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-177
Author(s):  
Maksymilian Pazdan
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Eu Regulation ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Eu

The position of the executor of the will is governed by the law applicable to succession (Article 23(2)(f) of the EU Regulation 650/2012), while the position of the succession administrator of the estate of a business of a physical person located in Poland is subject to the Law of 5 July 2018 on the succession administration of the business of a physical person (the legal basis for such solution is in Article 30 of the EU Regulation 650/2012). However, if the court needs to determine the law applicable to certain aspects of appointing or functioning of these institutions, which have a nature of partial or preliminary questions, these laws will apply, as determined in line with the methods elaborated to deal with partial and preliminary questions in private international law. The rules devoted to the executors of wills are usually not self-standing. In such situations, the legislators most often call for supportive application of the rules designed for other matters existing in the same legal system (here — of the legis successionis). This is referred to as the absorption of the legal rules.

5. Non-State Actors: Environmental Rights, Liability, and Crimes

2021 ◽  
pp. 282-355
Author(s):  
Alan Boyle ◽  
Catherine Redgwell
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Environmental Rights ◽  
Environmental Disputes ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Polluter Pays Principle ◽  
International Legal System

This chapter turns to some of the environmental rights and obligations which attach to individuals, corporations, and NGOs in international law. The chapter considers some alternative approaches to the implementation and enforcement of international environmental law. Relying less on interstate claims, or on mechanisms of international supervision, the development of human-rights approaches to environmental protection and the economic logic of the polluter-pays principle have made claims by individuals an increasingly attractive means of dealing with domestic or transboundary environmental problems. But the diversity of the issues needs emphasis in this context also. National remedies are not necessarily alternatives to the systems considered in the last chapter, but are more often complementary to it, and only in certain respects more useful. The variety of approaches now available for the resolution of international environmental disputes does indicate the increasing sophistication of the international legal system, the chapter argues.

scholarly journals DESAPROPRIAÇÃO, FUNÇÃO SOCIAL AMBIENTAL E EXPECTATIVAS SOCIAISDOI: 10.5773/rgsa.v4i3.328

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Anatercia Rovani
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Environmental Function ◽  
The Social

A proteção ambiental, conforme a Constituição Federal Brasileira integra o conteúdo da função social da propriedade. A disposição, o uso e a fruição da propriedade somente se configuram enquanto poderes plenos do proprietário, se respeitada sua função social. Nesse sentido, a gestão socioambiental da propriedade apresenta-se como um conceito que extrapola os limites da gestão organizacional empreendedora e passa a constituir uma exigência aos proprietários de imóveis rurais e urbanos. Baseada na percepção de que o proprietário, atualmente, constitui-se também em gestor socioambiental de sua propriedade, apresenta-se, nesta análise, um estudo da relação entre a função do proprietário e a proteção do meio ambiente. Este estudo inclui uma leitura sobre a evolução da concepção da propriedade no sistema jurídico brasileiro, até a inclusão da função social em seu próprio conceito, ou seja, a propriedade vinculada ao bem estar coletivo. Propõe-se uma leitura na qual o proprietário apresenta-se como necessário gestor de seu domínio, atento tanto para a efetividade do uso da propriedade, quanto da efetividade socioambiental desse uso. A proteção ambiental, portanto, tende a causar expectativa de eficácia no campo social, a qual nem sempre é confirmada pelas decisões judiciais. Após a análise conceitual histórica da conceitualização de propriedade, parte-se para uma leitura da primeira decisão judicial brasileira na qual a procedeu-se a desapropriação pelo desrespeito a função social ambiental, ou seja, por má gestão ambiental. Palavras-chave:propriedade, função social, desapropriação, meio ambiente, gestão. ABSTRACT The environmental protection is announced in the Brazilian Constitution as a fundamental guarantee. However, this guarantee depends on the accomplishment of the social function of property. In fact, the prerogatives regarding the use of the property by its owners are limited, preventing them to use the property as they want. What the Constitution intends is to guarantee that the property right could only be as a full right whether the owner accomplish to the social function of the property. The social function means to exert the property powers without damage neither the collectivities nor the environment. In this sense, the social and environmental function imposes to rural properties some rules for acting as: productivity index, environmental protection and labors protection. The focus of this article is to study the environmental protection as one of the requisites for the social function of the property. It is analyzed the evolution of the property concept into the Brazilian legal system and the first decision of the Brazilian Court concerning the property expropriation by bad environmental management. Keywords: expropriation, environmental and social function, social expectations

scholarly journals Parlamentārās kontroles īstenošanas īpatnības un problēmjautājumi Covid-19 pandēmijas laikā

2021 ◽  
pp. 467-473
Author(s):  
Aleksandrs Kuzņecovs ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Liability ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Due to rapid spread of Covid-19 worldwide, Latvian government declared the state of emergency. This decision was adopted by the parliament in order to contain the virus and undertake all the necessary measures to prevent its further spread. At the same time, it is clear that government’s actions undertaken within the state of emergency mostly remain unchecked. The absence of any legal basis for the parliament to extend their oversight during the state of emergency makes role of the parliament in these circumstances unclear. The current position of the parliament precludes political and legal liability over the executive and their officers. Lack of the delegated legislative and human rights restriction clause applicable specifically during the state of emergency raises questions regarding powers of the government and parliamentary control during the state of emergency. The article explores the possible solutions to rectify such flaws in the legal system of the Republic Latvia

An Environmental Management Strategy for the International Seabed Authority? The Legal Basis

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Jaeckel
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
International Seabed Authority ◽  
Near Future

The number of contracts granted by the International Seabed Authority (isa) to explore minerals on the seabed beyond national jurisdiction has increased greatly in recent years and commercial exploitation is scheduled to start in the near future. A core challenge is to establish adequate environmental protection measures, procedural safeguards, and institutional arrangements to balance commercial mining with environmental protection. This is especially important given the urgent need to utilize existing legal and institutional frameworks, such as the isa, to protect marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction. This article analyses the isa’s mandate to adopt a comprehensive environmental management strategy. It outlines the legal basis of eight potential components of such a strategy. Although several of these have been endorsed by the isa on a temporary or ad hoc basis, substantial gaps remain. An environmental management strategy could provide for systematic environmental safeguards during both exploration and exploitation for minerals.

scholarly journals Harmonization of Common but Differentiated Responsibility Principles as an International Law Norm towards National Law for the World Climate System Protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Athya Athya ◽  
Sukanda Husin ◽  
Delfiyanti Delfiyanti
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Climate System ◽  
System Protection ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common But Differentiated Responsibility

Harmonization efforts are needed because the applicable laws and regulations must be adapted to the various changes that have occurred in the Indonesian legal system. There are two main issues. The first one is the form of harmonization of the common but differentiated responsibility principles as an international legal norm towards national law for the protection of the world climate system, and the second one is Indonesia's obstacles in implementing the CBDR principle. This study applies normative juridical method using descriptive analysis. The data will be analyzed in a qualitative manner. The results of this study are, firstly, Indonesia carries out harmonization as the implementation of the contents of the Kyoto protocol through Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. Secondly, the biggest obstacle in implementing the CBDR principle in Indonesia is corruption, collusion and nepotism.

scholarly journals DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS PARA A EFETIVAÇÃO DA PROTEÇÃO JURÍDICA AO MEIO AMBIENTE NA ZONA COSTEIRA BRASILEIRA (CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEGAL PROTECTION TO THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE BRAZILIAN COASTAL ZONE)

2019 ◽  
pp. 162-179
Author(s):  
Samira Dos Santos Daud ◽  
Jhonny Vieira da Trindade
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Prior Authorization ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Ecological Economic ◽  
Legal Texts

RESUMO:O presente estudo tem por objetivo identificar e analisar o embasamento jurídico da proteção ao meio ambiente, especificamente à zona costeira brasileira, bem como as possibilidades de efetivação desses textos legais. Ainda será apresentado o conceito de Zoneamento Econômico-Ecológico e sua importância para garantia de uma gestão jusambiental sustentável. Essas discussões se justificam, dentro outras, em razão dos sérios problemas que atingem a zona costeira brasileira por causa da ocupação territorial desordenada desses locais, sem prévia autorização de ocupação do solo. Por fim, apresenta-se uma reflexão sobre a necessidade da interdisciplinaridade e sua importância para a efetivação dos dispositivos constitucionais e legais como garantia de um meio ambiente para todos. Trata-se de um artigo cuja metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica.Palavras-chave: Zona Costeira; Meio Ambiente; Gestão Jusambiental; Zoneamento Ecológico Econômico. ABSTRACT:This study aims to identify and analyze the legal basis of environmental protection, specifically the Brazilian coastal zone, as well as the possibilities of effecting these legal texts. The concept of economic-ecological zoning will still be presented and its importance to guarantee sustainable environmental management. These discussions are justified, in other cases, because of the serious problems affecting the Brazilian coastal zone because of the disorderly territorial occupation of these places, without prior authorization of land occupation. Finally, we present a reflection on the need for interdisciplinarity and its importance for the effectivity of constitutional and legal devices as a guarantee of an environment for all. This is an article whose methodology used was the bibliographic review.Keywords: Coastal Zone; Environment; Jusenvironmental Management; Ecological Economic Zoning.

scholarly journals The ecological tax in Russia as the economic instrument of the environmental protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 08046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Instrument

The relevance of article is determined by the fact that one of the main wealth of Russia is the set of its natural resources and its environment. Nowadays, the rational and careful use of the environment and its wealth become the important objectives facing the countries of the world. Global deterioration in the ecological situation puts the problem of transition to the waste-free or low-waste production technology before the mankind. The subject of this research is the ecological tax as the economic instrument of environmental protection and efficient environmental management. The key indicators characterizing the impact of business activities on the environment and natural resources (such as dumping of the polluted sewage, emissions of pollutants in atmospheric air, water intake from the natural water objects for the use for the period from 1992 to 2017) were systematized. The author proved the expediency of introduction of the ecological tax. Some criteria for the evaluation of optimality of the ecological taxation were offered. Comparative, economical and statistical methods of the analysis were used for the justification of the conclusions. The results of the research can be used in the sphere of the improvement of the tax legislation of the Russian Federation and also for the modernization of the environmental policy of Russia during planning and implementation of the measures directed to the increase in the efficiency in the sphere of environmental management and environmental protection.

Adab Konstitusi; Upaya Meluruskan Kesesatan Pikir Konstitusi

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogi Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The World

The Constitution as the legal basis for formation of legislation in the system of Indonesia. The misuse of the constitution (UUD 1945) by the political interests of goverment caused mislead and made the situation of the nation getting worse. Liberal capitalistic value wrapped in modern positivistic legal system that puts the ratio had diverge from culture constitution. needs to be clarified with the balance of conscience through culture constitution. Culture constitution is a constitutional concept who saw citizen of Indonesia as creatures of God by virtue of intelligence and unseen. So with that constitution is formed, conceived and executed to be qualified and to bring the benefit of the world and the hereafter.

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