3D Printing and Growth Induced Bending based on PET-RAFT Polymerization

10.26434/chemrxiv.12135801 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chris Bainbridge ◽

Kyle Engel ◽

Jianyong Jin

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Surface Properties ◽

Raft Polymerization ◽

Advanced Manufacturing ◽

3D Printer ◽

4D Printing ◽

Printing Process ◽

Raft Agent ◽

3D Printed ◽

First Time

4D printing has steadily become an emerging area of advanced manufacturing research and has produced some truly fantastic innovations. Previously we have demonstrated the 3D printing process based on PET-RAFT polymerization, and its subsequent capability in the post-production modification of surface properties. In this work, (1) we further optimized the PET-RAFT 3D printing formulation by replacing RAFT agent CDTPA with BTPA and adjusting the monomers composition; (2) we also observed the photodegradation of the photocatalysts EB and EY under 405nm light and the effects this has on 3D printing; (3) we then did successful 3D printing using a commercial 405nm DLP 3D printer, with an improved build speed of up to 2286 µm/hr; (4) lastly, for the first time we have demonstrated a method for growth induced bending of a 3D printed strip, where the growth on one side of the strip causes stress and the strip bends accordingly to reach a more comfortable position.

Download Full-text

A physical investigation of dimensional and mechanical characteristics of 3D printed nut and bolt for industrial applications

Rapid Prototyping Journal ◽

10.1108/rpj-09-2021-0250 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Ramesh Chand ◽

Vishal S. Sharma ◽

Rajeev Trehan ◽

Munish Kumar Gupta

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Shear Strength ◽

3D Printing ◽

Surface Properties ◽

3D Printer ◽

Content Type ◽

Safety Issues ◽

Machine Failure ◽

Sharp Edges ◽

3D Printed

Purpose A nut bolt joint is a primary device that connects mechanical components. The vibrations cause bolted joints to self-loosen. Created by motors and engines, leading to machine failure, and there may be severe safety issues. All the safety issues and self-loosen are directly and indirectly the functions of the accuracy and precision of the fabricated nut and bolt. Recent advancements in three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies now allow for the production of intricate components. These may be used technologies such as 3D printed bolts to create fasteners. This paper aims to investigate dimensional precision, surface properties, mechanical properties and scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the component fabricated using a multi-jet 3D printer. Design/methodology/approach Multi-jet-based 3D printed nut-bolt is evaluated in this paper. More specifically, liquid polymer-based nut-bolt is fabricated in sections 1, 2 and 3 of the base plate. Five nuts and bolts are fabricated in these three sections. Findings Dimensional inquiry (bolt dimension, general dimensions’ density and surface roughness) and mechanical testing (shear strength of nut and bolt) were carried out throughout the study. According to the ISO 2768 requirements for the General Tolerances Grade, the nut and bolt’s dimensional examination (variation in bolt dimension, general dimensions) is within the tolerance grades. As a result, the multi-jet 3D printing (MJP)-based 3D printer described above may be used for commercial production. In terms of mechanical qualities, when the component placement moves from Sections 1 to 3, the density of the manufactured part decreases by 0.292% (percent) and the shear strength of the nut and bolt decreases by 30%. According to the SEM examination, the density of the River markings, sharp edges, holes and sharp edges increased from Sections 1 to 3, which supports the findings mentioned above. Originality/value Hence, this work enlightens the aspects causing time lag during the 3D printing in MJP. It causes variation in the dimensional deviation, surface properties and mechanical properties of the fabricated part, which needs to be explored.

Download Full-text

Review of Polymeric Materials in 4D Printing Biomedical Applications

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11111864 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1864 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ming-You Shie ◽

Yu-Fang Shen ◽

Suryani Dyah Astuti ◽

Alvin Kai-Xing Lee ◽

Shu-Hsien Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Smart Materials ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

3D Printer ◽

Future Prospects ◽

4D Printing ◽

Current Application ◽

3D Printed ◽

Over Time

The purpose of 4D printing is to embed a product design into a deformable smart material using a traditional 3D printer. The 3D printed object can be assembled or transformed into intended designs by applying certain conditions or forms of stimulation such as temperature, pressure, humidity, pH, wind, or light. Simply put, 4D printing is a continuum of 3D printing technology that is now able to print objects which change over time. In previous studies, many smart materials were shown to have 4D printing characteristics. In this paper, we specifically review the current application, respective activation methods, characteristics, and future prospects of various polymeric materials in 4D printing, which are expected to contribute to the development of 4D printing polymeric materials and technology.

Download Full-text

3D Printed Chromophoric Sensors

Chemosensors ◽

10.3390/chemosensors9110317 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 317

Author(s):

Zachary Brounstein ◽

Jarrod Ronquillo ◽

Andrea Labouriau

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

3D Printing ◽

Material Properties ◽

Chemical Structure ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Advanced Manufacturing ◽

Color Changes ◽

Printed Sensors ◽

3D Printed ◽

Manufacturing Techniques

Eight chromophoric indicators are incorporated into Sylgard 184 to develop sensors that are fabricated either by traditional methods such as casting or by more advanced manufacturing techniques such as 3D printing. The sensors exhibit specific color changes when exposed to acidic species, basic species, or elevated temperatures. Additionally, material properties are investigated to assess the chemical structure, Shore A Hardness, and thermal stability. Comparisons between the casted and 3D printed sensors show that the sensing devices fabricated with the advanced manufacturing technique are more efficient because the color changes are more easily detected.

Download Full-text

Controlled Release of Bi-Layered Malvidin Tablets Using 3D Printing Techniques

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i4031034 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 70-78

Author(s):

Tejinder Kaur ◽

Suruchi Singh

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

3D Printing ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

3D Printer ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Printing Cost ◽

3D Printed ◽

Cost Efficient ◽

3D Printing Technique

Malvidin belongs to the class of anthocyanidin, a pigment compound present in fruits and vegetables like the colored berries, flowers, and vegetables which have pigments on it and it is available commercially as malvidin chloride. Malvidin is known to possess many medicinal characteristics like anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and anti-cancer. In this research paper, a 3D printing technique is used which evolves a 3D printer based on desktop that extrudes tablets comprising the active drug which here is malvidin our main ingredient and the other excipients which are used as binders and disintegrants. Methods which are adapted here for the formulation of 3D printed tablet make the tablets appropriate for immediate and sustained release with its definite physical and mechanical properties like hardness, friability, and weight. Tablets that are extruded by the 3D printer are controlled release bi-layer tablets. Due to involvement of 3D printer, printing cost for the bi-layered tablets found very low that makes our method as cost efficient.

Download Full-text

History of Additive Manufacturing

Advances in Chemical and Materials Engineering - 3D Printing and Its Impact on the Production of Fully Functional Components ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-2289-8.ch001 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

3D Printing ◽

Large Scale ◽

Selective Laser Sintering ◽

3D Printer ◽

3D Objects ◽

History Of ◽

Pros And Cons ◽

3D Printed ◽

The Common

History of additive manufacturing started in the 1980s in Japan. Stereolithography was invented first in 1983. After that tens of other techniques were invented under the common name 3D printing. When stereolithography was invented rapid prototyping did not exists. Tree years later new technique was invented: selective laser sintering (SLS). First commercial SLS was in 1990. At the end of 20t century, first bio-printer was developed. Using bio materials, first kidney was 3D printed. Ten years later, first 3D Printer in the kit was launched to the market. Today we have large scale printers that printed large 3D objects such are cars. 3D printing will be used for printing everything everywhere. List of pros and cons questions rising every day.

Download Full-text

A Systematic Review of the Clinical Value and Applications of Three-Dimensional Printing in Renal Surgery

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8070990 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 990 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Catalina Lupulescu ◽

Zhonghua Sun

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

3D Printing ◽

Renal Disease ◽

User Satisfaction ◽

Surgical Simulation ◽

Case Reports ◽

Time Duration ◽

Printing Process ◽

Estimated Blood Loss ◽

3D Printed

The purpose of this systematic review is to collate and analyse the current literature which examines clinical applications of 3D printing for renal disease, alongside cost and time duration factors associated with the printing process. A comprehensive search of the literature was performed across five different databases to identify studies that qualitatively and quantitatively assessed the value of 3D-printed kidney models for renal disease. Twenty-seven studies met the selection criteria for inclusion in the review. Twenty-five were original studies, and two were case reports. Of the 22 studies reporting a qualitative evaluation, the analysis of findings demonstrated the value of the 3D-printed models in areas of clinician and patient education, and pre-surgical simulation for complex cases of renal disease. Of five studies performing a quantitative analysis, the analysis of results displayed a high level of spatial and anatomical accuracy amongst models, with benefits including reducing estimated blood loss and risk of intra-operative complications. Fourteen studies evaluated manufacturing costs and time duration, with costs ranging from USD 1 to 1000 per model, and time duration ranging from 15 min to 9 days. This review shows that the use of customised 3D-printed models is valuable in the education of junior surgeons as well as the enhancement of operative skills for senior surgeons due to a superior visualisation of anatomical networks and pathologic morphology compared to volumetric imaging alone. Furthermore, 3D-printed kidney models may facilitate interdisciplinary communication and decision-making regarding the management of patients undergoing operative treatment for renal disease. It cannot be suggested that a more expensive material constitutes a higher level of user-satisfaction and model accuracy. However, higher costs in the manufacturing of the 3D-printed models reported, on average, a slightly shorter time duration for the 3D-printing process and total manufacturing time.

Download Full-text

Stress, strain and deformation of poly-lactic acid filament deposited onto polyethylene terephthalate woven fabric through 3D printing process

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-50832-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Prisca Aude Eutionnat-Diffo ◽

Yan Chen ◽

Jinping Guan ◽

Aurelie Cayla ◽

Christine Campagne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

3D Printing ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Deposition Process ◽

Woven Fabric ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Printing Process ◽

3D Printed

Abstract Although direct deposition of polymeric materials onto textiles through 3D printing is a great technique used more and more to develop smart textiles, one of the main challenges is to demonstrate equal or better mechanical resistance, durability and comfort than those of the textile substrates before deposition process. This article focuses on studying the impact of the textile properties and printing platform temperature on the tensile and deformations of non-conductive and conductive poly lactic acid (PLA) filaments deposited onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) textiles through 3D printing process and optimizing them using theoretical and statistical models. The results demonstrate that the deposition process affects the tensile properties of the printed textile in comparison with the ones of the textiles. The stress and strain at rupture of the first 3D printed PLA layer deposited onto PET textile material reveal to be a combination of those of the printed layer and the PET fabric due to the lower flexibility and diffusion of the polymeric printed track through the textile fabric leading to a weak adhesion at the polymer/textile interface. Besides, printing platform temperature and textile properties influence the tensile and deformation properties of the 3D printed PLA on PET textile significantly. Both, the washing process and the incorporation of conductive fillers into the PLA do not affect the tensile properties of the extruded polymeric materials. The elastic, total and permanent deformations of the 3D-printed PLA on PET fabrics are lower than the ones of the fabric before polymer deposition which demonstrates a better dimensional stability, higher stiffness and lower flexibility of these materials.

Download Full-text

Control-Based 4D Printing: Adaptive 4D-Printed Systems

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10093020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 3020 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ali Zolfagharian ◽

Akif Kaynak ◽

Mahdi Bodaghi ◽

Abbas Z. Kouzani ◽

Saleh Gharaie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Advanced Manufacturing ◽

Wearable Electronics ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

4D Printing ◽

Control Units ◽

Printed Sensors ◽

3D Printed ◽

Dynamic Structures ◽

And Control

Building on the recent progress of four-dimensional (4D) printing to produce dynamic structures, this study aimed to bring this technology to the next level by introducing control-based 4D printing to develop adaptive 4D-printed systems with highly versatile multi-disciplinary applications, including medicine, in the form of assisted soft robots, smart textiles as wearable electronics and other industries such as agriculture and microfluidics. This study introduced and analysed adaptive 4D-printed systems with an advanced manufacturing approach for developing stimuli-responsive constructs that organically adapted to environmental dynamic situations and uncertainties as nature does. The adaptive 4D-printed systems incorporated synergic integration of three-dimensional (3D)-printed sensors into 4D-printing and control units, which could be assembled and programmed to transform their shapes based on the assigned tasks and environmental stimuli. This paper demonstrates the adaptivity of these systems via a combination of proprioceptive sensory feedback, modeling and controllers, as well as the challenges and future opportunities they present.

Download Full-text

Experimental Investigation of PolyJet 3D Printing Process: Effects of Finish Type and Material Color on Color Appearance

Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing ◽

10.1115/imece2019-11917 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Xingjian Wei ◽

Li Zeng ◽

Zhijian Pei

Keyword(s):

Experimental Investigation ◽

3D Printing ◽

Color Appearance ◽

3D Printer ◽

Printing Process ◽

Full Color ◽

Process Effects ◽

Main Effects

Abstract The Stratasys J750 PolyJet printer is capable of printing full-color parts. However, little information is currently available about the effects of finish type and material color on color appearance of parts printed by the PolyJet process. In this study, the effects of finish type and material color on color appearance of PolyJet printed parts are investigated; two finish types (glossy and matte) and four material colors (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) are considered. The results suggest that the main effects of finish type and its interactions with material color are significant. Especially, the effects of finish type when material color is black are more significant among the material colors. These results would be valuable to users of the full-color PolyJet 3D printer.

Download Full-text