scholarly journals Widely Used Catalysts in Biodiesel Production: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishwajit Changmai ◽  
Vanlalveni Chhangte ◽  
Rahul Bhagat ◽  
Avinash P. Ingle ◽  
Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Bifunctional Catalysts ◽  
Synthesis Routes

<p>An ever-increasing energy demand and environmental problems associated with exhaustible fossil fuels have led to the search for an alternative renewable source of energy. In this context, biodiesel has attracted attention worldwide as an alternative to fossil fuel for being renewable, non-toxic, biodegradable, carbon-neutral; hence eco-friendly. Despite homogeneous catalyst has its own merits, currently, much attention has been paid to chemically synthesize heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production as it can be tuned as per specific requirement, easily recovered, thus enhance reusability. Recently, biomass-derived heterogeneous catalysts have risen to the forefront of biodiesel productions because of their sustainable, economical and eco-friendly nature. Further, nano and bifunctional catalysts have emerged as a powerful catalyst largely due to their high surface area and potential to convert free fatty acids and triglycerides to biodiesel, respectively. This review highlighted the latest synthesis routes of various types of catalysts including acidic, basic, bifunctional and nanocatalysts derived from different chemicals as well as biomass. In addition, the impacts of different methods of preparation of catalysts on the yield of biodiesel are also discussed in details.</p>

scholarly journals Widely Used Catalysts in Biodiesel Production: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishwajit Changmai ◽  
Vanlalveni Chhangte ◽  
Rahul Bhagat ◽  
Avinash P. Ingle ◽  
Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Bifunctional Catalysts ◽  
Synthesis Routes

<p>An ever-increasing energy demand and environmental problems associated with exhaustible fossil fuels have led to the search for an alternative renewable source of energy. In this context, biodiesel has attracted attention worldwide as an alternative to fossil fuel for being renewable, non-toxic, biodegradable, carbon-neutral; hence eco-friendly. Despite homogeneous catalyst has its own merits, currently, much attention has been paid to chemically synthesize heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production as it can be tuned as per specific requirement, easily recovered, thus enhance reusability. Recently, biomass-derived heterogeneous catalysts have risen to the forefront of biodiesel productions because of their sustainable, economical and eco-friendly nature. Further, nano and bifunctional catalysts have emerged as a powerful catalyst largely due to their high surface area and potential to convert free fatty acids and triglycerides to biodiesel, respectively. This review highlighted the latest synthesis routes of various types of catalysts including acidic, basic, bifunctional and nanocatalysts derived from different chemicals as well as biomass. In addition, the impacts of different methods of preparation of catalysts on the yield of biodiesel are also discussed in details.</p>

scholarly journals Widely Used Catalysts in Biodiesel Production: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishwajit Changmai ◽  
Vanlalveni Chhangte ◽  
Rahul Bhagat ◽  
Avinash P. Ingle ◽  
Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Bifunctional Catalysts ◽  
Synthesis Routes

<p>An ever-increasing energy demand and environmental problems associated with exhaustible fossil fuels have led to the search for an alternative renewable source of energy. In this context, biodiesel has attracted attention worldwide as an alternative to fossil fuel for being renewable, non-toxic, biodegradable, carbon-neutral; hence eco-friendly. Despite homogeneous catalyst has its own merits, currently, much attention has been paid to chemically synthesize heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production as it can be tuned as per specific requirement, easily recovered, thus enhance reusability. Recently, biomass-derived heterogeneous catalysts have risen to the forefront of biodiesel productions because of their sustainable, economical and eco-friendly nature. Further, nano and bifunctional catalysts have emerged as a powerful catalyst largely due to their high surface area and potential to convert free fatty acids and triglycerides to biodiesel, respectively. This review highlighted the latest synthesis routes of various types of catalysts including acidic, basic, bifunctional and nanocatalysts derived from different chemicals as well as biomass. In addition, the impacts of different methods of preparation of catalysts on the yield of biodiesel are also discussed in details.</p>

scholarly journals Carbon-Based Catalysts for Biodiesel Production—A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Clohessy ◽  
Witold Kwapinski
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Catalyst Characterization ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Carbon Based

In recent years, a new class of superior heterogeneous acid catalyst for biodiesel production has emerged. These catalysts offer advantages over their predecessors such as high surface area, elevated acid site density, enhanced catalyst activity, good operation stability and relevant economic affordability in an environmentally friendly frame. This review was concerned with carbon-based solid acid (CBAS) catalysts derived from both carbohydrate and pyrolysis products. A series of CBASs with various origins such as D-glucose, sucrose, starch, cellulose and vegetable oil asphalt, converted to char and sulphonated, have been explored as potential heterogeneous catalysts. Catalyst preparation and synthesis methods were briefly summarized. Catalyst characterization and performance for biofuels related reactions were elucidated, identifying potential research applications. Three catalysts in particular were identified as having potential for industrial application and requiring further research.

scholarly journals Widely used catalysts in biodiesel production: a review

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (68) ◽  
pp. 41625-41679
Author(s):  
Bishwajit Changmai ◽  
Chhangte Vanlalveni ◽  
Avinash Prabhakar Ingle ◽  
Rahul Bhagat ◽  
Lalthazuala Rokhum
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Biodiesel Production

An ever-increasing energy demand and environmental problems associated with exhaustible fossil fuels have led to the search for an alternative energy. In this context, biodiesel has attracted attention worldwide as an alternative to fossil fuel.

scholarly journals Catalysts for Biodiesel Production: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1985-1999
Author(s):  
K.A.V. Miyuranga ◽  
D. Thilakarathne ◽  
Udara S.P.R. Arachchige ◽  
R.A. Jayasinghe ◽  
N.A. Weerasekara
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
World Population ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
The World

As the world population and modernization increase, energy demand increases. One of the non-sustainable energy sources is fossil fuels. However, fossil fuel consumption raises various environmental and economic issues. Most of the studies focus on sustainable energy sources, which can replace fossil fuel dependence. Biodiesel is an alternative sustainable fuel for diesel power. Biodiesel can produce through the transesterification process. Since the catalyst plays a significant role in the biodiesel yield during a defined reaction time, the addition of a catalyst can increases the reaction rate. This article is outlined the several catalysts used by multiple researchers over the years to increase biodiesel yields.

Preparation of Activated Carbon from Walnut Shell Doped La and Ca Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 348-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkreem Alsultan ◽  
Asikin Mijan ◽  
Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
High Porosity

Solid acid (heterogeneous) catalysts have a unique advantage in esterification and transesterification reactions which enhances the use of high acid value oil to be used as feedstock for synthesis of biodiesel. Activated carbon was prepared from walnut shell and activated in two step, first step is (thermal) physical activation calcination at 400 °C. Second step is chemical activation, the Ac were treated phosphoric acid in constant flow of nitrogen. The results obtained that the treated carbon show the amazing physicochemical properties (high surface area, high porosity and high acidity)

scholarly journals A comprehensive review on non-edible woody oil-based biodiesel: composition, production, properties and emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 02042
Author(s):  
Ying-Xuan Li ◽  
Yun-Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
National Energy Security

With the continuous increase of world’s population, rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, and rapid growth of economy, the fossil fuel consumption is also increasing continuously to meet growing energy demand. The unsustainability of fossil fuels and the issues of national energy security make it very urgent to develop the appropriate and sustainable replacement for fossil fuels. Biodiesel is one of appropriate alternatives for diesel engine due to its renewable and eco-friendly nature. This greener fuel has been used in many countries across the continents in a blending range up to 20% with petrodiesel. However, the high biodiesel production cost is still a major obstacle to market acceptance. Non-edible woody oils can be considered as low-cost substitutions for traditional edible vegetable oils for biodiesel production. In order to make biodiesel into reality in much wider scope, a growing number of relevant researches focused on: (1) evaluating the biodiesel properties; (2) optimizing the production process; and (3) assessing the environmental impact. This article reviews these three aspects in order to reflect the research status and development potential of non-edible woody oil-based biodiesel.

Electron holography of catalysts

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
A. K. Datye ◽  
D. S. Kalakkad ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
E. Völkl
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Phase Image ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Phase Information ◽  
Particle Structure

The active phase in heterogeneous catalysts consists of nanometer-sized metal or oxide particles dispersed within the tortuous pore structure of a high surface area matrix. Such catalysts are extensively used for controlling emissions from automobile exhausts or in industrial processes such as the refining of crude oil to produce gasoline. The morphology of these nano-particles is of great interest to catalytic chemists since it affects the activity and selectivity for a class of reactions known as structure-sensitive reactions. In this paper, we describe some of the challenges in the study of heterogeneous catalysts, and provide examples of how electron holography can help in extracting details of particle structure and morphology on an atomic scale.Conventional high-resolution TEM imaging methods permit the image intensity to be recorded, but the phase information in the complex image wave is lost. However, it is the phase information which is sensitive at the atomic scale to changes in specimen thickness and composition, and thus analysis of the phase image can yield important information on morphological details at the nanometer level.

Biodiesel production from non-edible oils: A review

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Jatinder Kataria ◽  
Saroj Kumar Mohapatra ◽  
Amit Pal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
The World

The limited fossil reserves, spiraling price and environmental impact due to usage of fossil fuels leads the world wide researchers’ interest in using alternative renewable and environment safe fuels that can meet the energy demand. Biodiesel is an emerging renewable alternative fuel to conventional diesel which can be produced from both edible and non-edible oils, animal fats, algae etc. The society is in dire need of using renewable fuels as an immediate control measure to mitigate the pollution level. In this work an attempt is made to review the requisite and access the capability of the biodiesel in improving the environmental degradation.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on Oil Extraction and Biodiesel Production Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Zulqarnain ◽  
Muhammad Ayoub ◽  
Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Muhammad Hamza Nazir ◽  
Imtisal Zahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Waste Oils ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Production Technologies

Dependence on fossil fuels for meeting the growing energy demand is damaging the world’s environment. There is a dire need to look for alternative fuels that are less potent to greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuels offer several advantages with less harmful effects on the environment. Biodiesel is synthesized from the organic wastes produced extensively like edible, non-edible, microbial, and waste oils. This study reviews the feasibility of the state-of-the-art feedstocks for sustainable biodiesel synthesis such as availability, and capacity to cover a significant proportion of fossil fuels. Biodiesel synthesized from oil crops, vegetable oils, and animal fats are the potential renewable carbon-neutral substitute to petroleum fuels. This study concludes that waste oils with higher oil content including waste cooking oil, waste palm oil, and algal oil are the most favorable feedstocks. The comparison of biodiesel production and parametric analysis is done critically, which is necessary to come up with the most appropriate feedstock for biodiesel synthesis. Since the critical comparison of feedstocks along with oil extraction and biodiesel production technologies has never been done before, this will help to direct future researchers to use more sustainable feedstocks for biodiesel synthesis. This study concluded that the use of third-generation feedstocks (wastes) is the most appropriate way for sustainable biodiesel production. The use of innovative costless oil extraction technologies including supercritical and microwave-assisted transesterification method is recommended for oil extraction.

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