The value of mucosal small intestine microbiota in digestion and absorption disorders in metabolic syndrome

Aim. To evaluate the qualitative and quantitative composition of the parietal microbiota of the small intestine (SI) and its significance in the disturbance of the digestive and absorption functions of the small intestine in metabolic syndrome (MS). Materials and methods. 67 patients with metabolic syndrome were examined. In addition to clinical data, a comprehensive study of the digestive and absorption function of SI was carried out using exercise tests with carbohydrates. The compositional characteristics of mucosal SI microbiota in MS patients were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The relationship of enteric disorders with changes in small intestinal microbiocenosis was assessed by correlation analysis. Results. The majority (82.9%) of patients with metabolic syndrome showed clinical local and general signs of small intestinal lesions. Violations of all stages of the hydrolysis - resorption process were revealed against the background of changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the parietal microbiota of the small intestine. In patients with MS, excessive bacterial growth is observed in the small intestine mainly due to conditionally pathogenic microbiota strains, and, in comparison with the control group, there is a significant increase in the growth of aerobes, microscopic fungi and viruses. The relationship between the severity of excess bacterial growth and impaired digestion and absorption in the small intestine in MS. Conclusion. The results of our research suggest that the identified changes in the functional state of SI in combination with a violation of mucosal enteral microbiocenosis are an important link in the complex pathogenesis of the MS.

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Current opportunities for studying role of mucosal small intestine microbiota in development of metabolic syndrome

Medical alphabet ◽

10.33667/2078-5631-2020-10-33-37 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 33-37

Author(s):

M. V. Lyapina ◽

Ya. M. Vakhrushev

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Soluble Starch ◽

Correlation Study ◽

High Density Lipoproteins ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Absorption Function ◽

Herpes Simplex Viruses

Aims. Characterization of the composition of the enteric parietal microbiota and its role in impaired functional state of the small intestine (SI) in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MS).Materials and methods. 68 patients with MS were examined. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the near-wall microbiota of SI and the level of endotoxinemia were determined using an Agilent gas chromatograph with mass-selective and flame-ionization detectors. In evaluating the absorption function, substances that were not subjected to enzymatic processing, glucose and D-xylose, were used. The state of parietal digestion in the SI was evaluated by the results of the assimilation of sucrose disaccharide, and cavity digestion by the assimilation of soluble starch. Blood levels of total cholesterol, cholesterol of high density lipoproteins, triglycerides were determined. Carbohydrate metabolism was evaluated using an oral glucose tolerance test.Results. According to GC–MS data of microbial blood markers in patients with MS, parietal bacterial growth in SI increases due to opportunistic microbiota (bacteria such as Firmicutes, fungi of the genus Candida, Herpes Simplex viruses). In patients with increased absorption of monosaccharides in the postprandial period, inhibition of abdominal and parietal digestion is observed. In MS, an increase in the level of endotoxin in the blood by more than six times was established in comparison with the control group. A correlation study revealed a strong positive relationship between the degree of endotoxinemia increase and the level of atherogenicity coefficient.Conclusion. The results of the study suggest that the interconnected violation of hydrolysis, resorption and parietal ecosystems in SI is an important link in the complex pathogenetic circle of MS.

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Endotoxemia in metabolic syndrome and some mechanisms of its development

Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology ◽

10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-181-9-11-17 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 11-17

Author(s):

M. V. Lyapina ◽

A. P. Lukashevich ◽

Ya. M. Vakhrushev

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Electrical Activity ◽

Bacterial Growth ◽

Empty Stomach ◽

Control Group ◽

Intestinal Damage ◽

Endotoxin Level ◽

Postprandial Period ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

The aim. Assessment of the relationship between the occurrence of endotoxemia and impaired resorption function of the small intestine, arrhythmia of the motility of the stomach and intestines, and excessive bacterial growth in the metabolic syndrome (MS).Materials and methods. 62 patients with MS were examined. The average age was 48.62+3.75 years. The motor function of the gastrointestinal tract was studied using peripheral electrogastroenterocolography. To assess the absorption processes in the small intestine, stress tests with glucose and d-xylose were used. Blood endotoxin level, quantitative and& qualitative composition of parietal microbiota of small intestine were determined using an Agilent gas chromatograph with mass-selective and flame-ionization detectors (Agilent Technologies, USA).Results. 82.9% of the examined patients with MS showed clinical signs of intestinal damage. The electrical activity of& the& small intestine departments in the postprandial period was low in 70% of patients. The electrical activity of& the& colon on an empty stomach was not changed, and after a food load was reduced. Discoordination of motility is observed between small intestine and the colon, aggravated after food stimulation. A significant decrease in the rhythm of contractions is observed at the frequencies of the jejunum, ileum, and colon both on an empty stomach and in the postprandial period, which indicates a weakening of propulsive bowel contractions in patients with MS. In patients with MS, an increase in& the& absorption of glucose and d-xylose was revealed in comparison with the group of healthy individuals. In patients with MS, excessive bacterial growth in small intestine is observed mainly due to conditionally pathogenic microbiota strains. According to the results of the study of blood endotoxin level in patients with MS, a significant increase was revealed in comparison with the control group. Correlation analysis showed a moderate negative relationship between the level of endotoxin and electrical activity of small intestine, between the level of endotoxin and the ratio of the ratio of& the& colon to the ileum. A moderate positive relationship was established between the degree of endotoxemia increase and glucose absorption in small intestine.Conclusion. A study of the level of endotoxin and indicators of excessive bacterial growth, motor evacuation and resorption functions of small intestine revealed important pathogenetic patterns regarding the contributing role of the latter in& the development of endotoxemia in patients with MS.

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Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Potential Mechanisms in Bupleurum L. (Apiaceae) Induced by Three Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11112291 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2291

Author(s):

Jialin Sun ◽

Weinan Li ◽

Ye Zhang ◽

Yun Guo ◽

Zejia Duan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Total Content ◽

Nitrogen Level ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Control Group ◽

High Nitrogen ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

High Nitrogen Level ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Bupleurum (Apiaceae) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases. Although roots are the only used parts in China, other countries use the whole plant. The yield and quality of Bupleurum depend mainly on fertilizers, especially nitrogen. The current study aimed to assess the relationship between the nitrogen fertilization level and the quality and metabolomic response of different parts (flowers, main shoots, lateral shoots and roots) of Bupleurum to three nitrogen fertilization levels (control group: 0 kg·ha−1; low-nitrogen group: 55 kg·ha−1; high-nitrogen group: 110 kg·ha−1). The results showed that a high nitrogen level increases Bupleurum yield and quality parameters only in aerial parts, especially flowers, but has no significant effect on roots. The HPLC method was exploited for simultaneous quantification of three saikosaponins (A, C and D), which are the main bioactive components in the plant. It was found that the total content of saikosaponins decreased with high nitrogen fertilization in roots but significantly increased in flowers. Moreover, nitrogen fertilizer promoted the content of saikosaponin A but inhibited saikosaponins C and saikosaponins D in most parts of the plant. To study the response of primary metabolites, we adopted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC−MS) analysis; 84 metabolites were identified that were mostly up-regulated with a high nitrogen level in flowers but down-regulated in roots. Four differential metabolites—D-fructose, lactose, ether and glycerol—were recognized as key metabolites in Bupleurum under nitrogen fertilization. Meanwhile, The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment results explained that the impact of nitrogen fertilization on Bupleurum was attributed to the C-metabolism, N-metabolism, and lipids metabolism. This research put forward new insights into potential mechanisms and the relationship between the quality and yield of Bupleurum and nitrogen fertilization.

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Diagnosis of the Syndrome of Excessive Bacterial Growth of the Small Intestine in Patients with Bauhinia Insufficiency and After its Surgical Correction (First Results)

10.47363/jpr/2020(2)116 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Vladimir Leonidovich Martynov ◽

◽

Natalia Vladimirovna Kazarina ◽

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Bacterial Growth ◽

Ileocecal Valve ◽

Normal Function ◽

Main Group ◽

Surgical Correction ◽

Control Group ◽

Distal Small Intestine ◽

First Results ◽

Respiratory Test

Objective: To determine the syndrome of excessive bacterial growth in the small intestine (SIBO) in patients with insufficiency of the bauhinia valve (NBZ) and after its surgical correction. Methods of examination: Patients of the studied groups were examined using direct and indirect methods of diagnosis of SIBO. Bacteriological examination of ileal aspirate and other surgical material was performed. All patients underwent a hydrogen respiratory test with a load of lactulose and performed a qualitative reaction of urine to indican. Characteristics of the material: 50 patients were examined, of which 30 were included in the main group, who underwent surgical correction of NBZ - Bauginoplasty; 20 patients are included in the control group in which the ileocecal valve is consistent. Patients of the main group were examined before surgery and on the 7th and 45th day after Bauhinoplasty. Main results: All patients of the main group had SIBS of varying severity, in 80% of patients SIBS was localized in the distal small intestine. Patients with normal function of ileocecal valve syndrome of excessive bacterial growth did not suffer. Intraoperatively, 76% of patients showed signs of mesenteric mesentery of the small intestine, and the fact of bacterial translocation in SIBO was also confirmed. After 7 days after surgical correction of the Bauhinia valve, the normalization of peak and background excretion of hydrogen was observed in 37% of patients. For 45 days in all patients the hydrogen curve corresponded to the norm. Conclusions: the deficiency of the bauhinia valve is obligately accompanied by the syndrome of excessive bacterial growth in the small intestine, surgical correction is an effective method for correcting the syndrome of excessive bacterial growth in patients with NBD.

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The Relationship between Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness and Serum Interleukin-17a Level in Patients with Isolated Metabolic Syndrome

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom9030097 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 97 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Esra Demir ◽

Nazmiye Harmankaya ◽

İrem Kıraç Utku ◽

Gönül Açıksarı ◽

Turgut Uygun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽

Control Group ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Tissue Thickness ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness ◽

The Relationship

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between the epicardial adipose tissue thickness (EATT) and serum IL-17A level insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome patients. This study enrolled a total of 160 subjects, of whom 80 were consecutive patients who applied to our outpatient clinic and were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, and the other 80 were consecutive patients who were part of the control group with similar age and demographics in whom the metabolic syndrome was excluded. The metabolic syndrome diagnosis was made according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF)-2005 criteria. EATT was measured with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in the subjects. IL-17A serum levels were determined using the ELISA method. Fasting blood glucose, HDL, triglyceride, and fasting insulin levels were significantly higher in the metabolic syndrome group compared to the control group. In addition, the metabolic syndrome group had significantly higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and Homeostatic Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels than the control group. Similarly, serum IL-17A levels were significantly elevated in the metabolic syndrome group compared to the control group statistically (p < 0.001). As well, EATT was higher in the metabolic syndrome than the control group. Conclusion: By virtue of their proinflammatory properties, EATT and IL-17 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome.

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Metabonomics Study of Ginseng Glycoproteins on Improving Sleep Quality in Mice

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/2561828 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ying Wang ◽

Difu Zhu ◽

Yinghong Chen ◽

Ruizhi Jiang ◽

Hong Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Brain Metabolism ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Control Group ◽

Glutamate Metabolism ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Hormone Biosynthesis ◽

The Relationship ◽

Further Development

The changes of brain metabolism in mice after injection of ginseng glycoproteins (GPr) were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry- (GC/MS-) based metabolomics platform. The relationship between sedative and hypnotic effects of ginseng glycoproteins and brain metabolism was discussed. Referring to pentobarbital sodium subthreshold test, we randomly divided 20 mice into two groups: control and ginseng glycoproteins group. The mice from the control group were treated with normal saline by i.p and GPr group were treated with 60 mg/kg of GPr by i.p. The results indicated that GPr could significantly improve the sleep quality of mice. Through multivariate statistical analysis, we found that there were 23 differential metabolites in whole brain tissues between the control group and the GPr group. The pathway analysis exhibited that GPr may be involved in the regulation of the pathway including purine metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. This work is helpful to understand the biochemical mechanism of GPr on promoting sleep and lay a foundation for further development of drugs for insomnia.

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Increased hip circumference in individuals with metabolic syndrome affects serum nesfatin-1 levels

Postgraduate Medical Journal ◽

10.1136/postgradmedj-2019-136887 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 96 (1140) ◽

pp. 600-605

Author(s):

Tuba Tekin ◽

Betül Çiçek ◽

Nurefşan Konyalıgil ◽

İnayet Güntürk ◽

Cevat Yazıcı ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Hip Circumference ◽

Anthropometric Indices ◽

The Relationship ◽

Positive Significant Correlation

BackgroundThis case–control study was conducted to investigate the relationship between serum nesfatin-1 levels and nutritional status and blood parameters in patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome.MethodsThirty patients (case) diagnosed with metabolic syndrome according to National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria were included. Thirty healthy subjects (control) matched with patients with metabolic syndrome in terms of age, gender and body mass index were included. Three-day food consumption records were obtained. Anthropometric indices were measured and body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance method. Biochemical parameters and serum nesfatin-1 levels were measured after 8 hours of fasting.ResultsSerum nesfatin-1 levels were 0.245±0.272 ng/mL in the case group and 0.528±0.987 ng/mL in the control group (p>0.05). There was a positive significant correlation between serum nesfatin-1 levels and body weight, waist and hip circumferences in the case group (p<0.05). Each unit increase in hip circumference measurement affects the levels of nesfatin by 0.014 times. In the control group, there was a positive significant correlation between body weight and serum nesfatin-1 levels (p<0.05). A significant correlation was detected between HbA1c and serum nesfatin-1 levels in the case group (p<0.05). A significant relationship was detected between dietary fibre intake and the serum nesfatin-1 levels in the case group (p<0.05).ConclusionsAnthropometric indices and blood parameters were correlated with serum nesfatin-1 levels in patients with metabolic syndrome. More clinical trials may be performed to establish the relationship between serum nesfatin-1 levels and nutritional status.

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Changes in metabolic syndrome and risk of psoriasis: a nationwide population-based study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-03174-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hyun Ji Lee ◽

Kyung Do Han ◽

Hae Eun Park ◽

Ju Hee Han ◽

Chul Hwan Bang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Health Insurance ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Population Based ◽

Control Group ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Population Based Study ◽

The Relationship

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with psoriasis, but it remains unclear whether risk of psoriasis remains in patients whose MetS diagnosis changes. To assess the relationship between risk of psoriasis and changes in MetS components. We obtained data from the National Health Insurance Service of Korea and divided the participants into four groups: individuals without MetS (control); individuals with MetS in 2009, but without MetS in 2012 (pre-MetS); individuals without MetS in 2009, but with newly diagnosed MetS in 2012 (post-MetS); and individuals with MetS during the 2009–2012, period (continuous-MetS). We calculated the risk of psoriasis for each group. Risk of psoriasis was similar in the control and pre-MetS groups but was significantly higher in the post-MetS group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.12) and in the continuous-MetS group (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07–1.15) than in the control group. Among MetS components, waist circumference showed the strongest association with psoriasis, followed by high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels. Risk of psoriasis was higher in patients with continuous- or post-MetS than in those with pre-MetS (regardless of prior MetS status).

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The Effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet on Metabolic Syndrome in Hospitalized Schizophrenic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11122950 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2950 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tamara Sorić ◽

Mladen Mavar ◽

Ivana Rumbak

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Dash Diet ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Parallel Group ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

The Relationship

The relationship between the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in people with schizophrenia is unknown and remains to be investigated. Therefore, we have conducted a three-month parallel-group randomized controlled trial. Sixty-seven hospitalized schizophrenic patients with MetS [n = 33 in the intervention group (IG) and n = 34 in the control group (CG)] completed the intervention. The IG followed the DASH diet with the caloric restriction of approximately 1673.6 kJ/day (400 kcal/day) when compared to the standard hospital diet followed by the CG. Simultaneously, both groups participated in a nutrition counseling program. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters and blood pressure were measured at the baseline and after three months, while nutrient intakes during the intervention were assessed using three non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls. The analyses were carried out based on the per-protocol approach. At three months, the MetS prevalence significantly decreased in both the IG and the CG (75.8%, p = 0.002, and 67.7%, p = 0.0003, respectively; odds ratio = 0.9; 95% confidence interval = 0.43–1.87). No significant differences in the prevalence of MetS and its features were found between the groups.

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Na+/glucose co-transporter abundance and activity in the small intestine of lambs: enhancement by abomasal infusion of casein

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn2002823 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 89 (5) ◽

pp. 573-580 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sameer J. Mabjeesh ◽

Dafna Guy ◽

David Sklan

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Glucose Uptake ◽

Brush Border ◽

Brush Border Membrane ◽

Membrane Vesicles ◽

Control Group ◽

Abomasal Infusion ◽

Group A ◽

Small Intestinal ◽

Infusion Period

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of abomasal casein infusion on glucose uptake and abundance of the Na+/glucose co-transporter (SGLT1) 1 in the ovine small intestine. Lambs (body weight 35 (SEM 1·0) kg) were surgically fitted with abomasal infusion catheters and were fed diets containing equal portions of wheat hay and cracked maize. Lambs were infused with either 500 g water/d or with 500 g water containing 35 g casein/d. The infusion period lasted 10 d, after which lambs were killed, exsanguinated and eviscerated. Brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) were prepared using mucosa from different small intestinal regions. Intake and total tract digestibility of nutrients were similar between treatments and averaged 1134, 1142 and 486 g/d and 67, 70, and 94 % for DM, organic matter and non-structural carbohydrates respectively. Crude protein (N×6·25) digestibility was 15 % greater in the casein-infused than control lambs. Glucose uptake to BBMV ranged from 101 to 337 pmol/mg protein per s along the small intestine and was greatest in the mid-section of the small intestine. In the mid-jejunum, glucose uptake was greater (P<0·07) in lambs infused with casein and averaged 120 pmol/mg protein per s compared with 68 pmol/mg protein per s in the control group. SGLT1 affinity was similar between treatments and averaged 104 μM in the different segments of the small intestine of lambs. However, lambs infused with casein exhibited similar values along the small intestine and affinity averaged 106 μm, while in the control group a greater affinity (85 μm) was measured in the mid-jejunum. SGLT1 protein abundance was correlated with glucose uptake in the BBMV in the casein-treated lambs, but not in the control group. These results suggest that glucose uptake along the small intestine of lambs is influenced by casein or its derivatives in the small intestine via SGLT1 affinity and activity at the brush border membrane, and that SGLT1 activity may be regulated by post-translational events affected by amino acids and peptides.

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