scholarly journals Mechanical properties improvement of epoxy composites by natural hy-droxyapatite from fish scales as a fillers

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1424-1429
Author(s):  
Majhool AA ◽  
Zainol I ◽  
Azziz SSSA ◽  
Aiza Jaafar CN
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Thermal Method ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
Spray Method ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural Hydroxyapatite

This study was carried out to prepare epoxy/ natural hydroxyapatite composite for potential biomedical application. Natural hydroxyapatite (nHAp) powder was extracted from Tilapia fish scales via the thermal method. The natural hydroxyapatite was milled for 48 hours and dried by spray method. The nHAp particle size was determined using mastersizer 2000 particle size analyser and the chemical structure was confirmed using (XRD) and FTIR analysis. The particle size of nHAp was identified to be between 1 and 10 microns. Mechanical properties of epoxy/ natural hydroxyapatite were investigated by using impact and flexural test. The highest flexural strength of epoxy/nHAp composite was recorded when the nHAp filler was 10 wt% which is 77 % increment as compared to epoxy alone. The impact strength was increased up to two-fold as compared to neat epoxy. The scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and EDX analysis showed uniform dispersion of nHAp particles within the epoxy matrix for the composites with 10 wt% filler loading.

scholarly journals Characterization of Forcespun Polycaprolactone Fibers Infused with Bio-Based Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Bead Mill

A novel Force spinning technique was used to fabricate microfibers from polycaprolactone (PCL) infused with bio-based hydroxyapatite (HA). The aim of this study is to analyze the thermo-mechanical properties of the developed fibers in addition to cell adhesion and proliferation analysis. The HA is synthesized from sundried raw fish scales of carpa family. The fish scales are calcinated at 800°C in a box furnace and are bead milled for one hour in a nano agitator bead mill for particle size reduction. Thus obtained nanoparticles are characterized using XRD, SEM, and TEM for particle size reduction, crystallinity, and structure. The PCL solution formed by dissolving 16 wt% of PCL in chloroform is magnetically stirred for 3 hrs at 170 rpm. The HA nanoparticles were infused in this solution by 1, 2, and 3 wt% and is stirred in a think mixer under vacuum for 7 mins for uniform dispersion of nanoparticles in the solution. The solution mixture is injected into the spinneret of force spinning apparatus. The PCL/HA fibers were collected at rotational aped 7000 rpm with a spin time of 10mins. The thermo-mechanical properties of the fibers were analyzed using tensile test, DSC, and DMA analyses. The biological assessment of the fibers is done using in vitro cell studies of the scaffolds that were cut from the fibers. These scaffolds can be further used for various biomedical applications such as sutures and controlled wound healing.

Effect of particle size, fiber content, and surface treatment on the mechanical properties of maple-reinforced LLDPE produced by rotational molding

2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112091660
Author(s):  
Fatima Ezzahra Hanana ◽  
Denis Rodrigue
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Interface Quality ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
The Impact

In this work, composites based on linear low-density polyethylene and maple wood fibers with and without surface treatment with maleated polyethylene (MAPE) were prepared by dry blending, followed by rotomolding to study the effect of particle size, fiber content, and surface treatment. From the samples produced, a complete characterization of the morphological and mechanical properties was performed. The results obtained showed that MAPE surface treatment improved the fiber–matrix interface quality, which improved the homogeneity, the thermal stability, and the mechanical properties of the composites. The results showed that the effect of particle size was significant as the tensile modulus increased by 7%, 40%, and 73% for 125–250, 250–355, and 355–500 µm at 30 wt% of maple fibers. The tensile strength also increased by 114% at the same fiber loading (30 wt%) when the particle size increased from 125–250 µm to 355–500 μm. Finally, the impact strength with 355–500 µm particles was 52% higher than for 125–250 µm particles at 30 wt%

Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals for Improving the Mechanical Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamileh Shojaeiarani ◽  
Dilpreet Bajwa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
The Impact

Biopolymers are emerging materials with numerous capabilities of minimizing the environmental hazards caused by synthetic materials. The competitive mechanical properties of bio-based poly(lactic acid) (PLA) reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have attracted a huge interest in improving the mechanical properties of the corresponding nanocomposites. To obtain optimal properties of PLA-CNC nanocomposites, the compatibility between PLA and CNCs needs to be improved through uniform dispersion of CNCs into PLA. The application of chemical surface functionalization technique is an essential step to improve the interaction between hydrophobic PLA and hydrophilic CNCs. In this study, a combination of a time-efficient esterification technique and masterbatch approach was used to improve the CNCs dispersibility in PLA. Nanocomposites reinforced by 1, 3, and 5 wt% functionalized CNCs were prepared using twin screw extrusion followed by injection molding process. The mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of pure PLA and nanocomposites were studied through tensile, impact and dynamic mechanical analysis. The impact fractured surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical test results exhibited that tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of nanocomposites improved by 70% and 11% upon addition of functionalized CNCs into pure PLA. The elongation at break and impact strength of nanocomposites exhibited 43% and 35% increase as compared to pure PLA. The rough and irregular fracture surface in nanocomposites confirmed the higher ductility in PLA nanocomposites as compared to pure PLA. The incorporation of functionalized CNCs into PLA resulted in an increase in storage modulus and a decrease in tan δ intensity which was more profound in nanocomposites reinforced with 3 wt% functionalized CNCs.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Magnesia Blended Cement Studies for Geotechnical Well Construction—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqing Chen ◽  
Salaheldin Elkatatny ◽  
Mobeen Murtaza ◽  
Ahmed Abdulhamid Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Strength Testing ◽  
Cement Material ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Caustic Magnesia

The current paper presents a literature review on the studies of incorporation of magnesia (magnesium oxide) into Portland cement material from the geotechnical well construction perspective. Starting with a comparison of application conditions between civil construction and geotechnical well cementing, this work reviewed the Portland cement categorizations, magnesia manufacturing routes at first. Then, the physical-chemical-mechanical properties were investigated which includes the reactivity of magnesia, expansion influence from its hydration, and carbonation/dehydroxylation of magnesia blended Portland cement. The development of cement material hydration modeling methods is also summarized. Moreover, the experimental characterization methods have also been elucidated including composition determination, particle size analysis, volumetric variation measurement, compressive strength testing, shear-bond strength testing, transition state analysis, etc. Meanwhile, the results and conclusions were extracted from the literature. Through this route, a comprehensive understanding of the scientific research progress on magnesia blended Portland cement development for geotechnical well construction is derived. Additionally, it is concluded that incorporating magnesia into Portland cement can provide benefits for this material utilization in geotechnical well constructions provided the reasonable tuning among the characteristics of magnesia, the downhole surrounding conditions, and the formulation of the cement slurry. Satisfying these pre-conditions, the effective expansion not only mitigates the micro-annulus issues but also increases the shear bonding strength at the cementing interfaces. Moreover, the caustic magnesia introduction into Portland cement has the potential advantage on carbon dioxide geological sequestration well integrity compared with the Portland cement sheath without it because of the denser in-situ porous matrix evolvement and more stable carbon fixation features of magnesium carbonate. However, since the impact of magnesia on Portland cement strongly depended on its properties (calcination conditions, particle size, reactivity) and the aging conditions (downhole temperature, pressure, contacting medium), it should be noted that some extended research is worth conducting in the future such as the synchronized hydration between magnesia and Portland cement, the dosage limit of caustic magnesia in Portland cement in terms of CO2 sequestration and the corresponding mechanical properties analysis, and the hybrid method (caustic magnesia, Portland cement, and other supplementary cementitious materials) targeting the co-existence of the geothermal environment and the corrosive medium scenario.

scholarly journals Investigation of the dispersion processes of composite colloidal capillary-porous materials

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Zh.O. Petrova ◽  
V.M. Vyshnievskyi ◽  
Yu.P. Novikova ◽  
A.I. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Porous Materials ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Brittle State

The technology of drying colloidal capillary-porous materials to a final humidity of 6-8%, developed at the Institute of Technical Thermophysics of the NAS of Ukraine, allowed to obtain a brittle state, in which it is possible to grind this product to small particles. The most suitable for industrial grinding of the dried composite colloidal capillary-porous materials is the impact method, because when wiping and crushing the material has accumulated, stuck to the working surface. Powders are characterized by one pronounced maximum corresponding to the particle size of the powder of 0,16 mm. As the rotation speed of the shredder rotor changes, the particle size distribution of 0,16 mm increases by reducing the larger particles. The amount of powder thus obtained is directly proportional to the speed of rotation of the rotor. The study of the dispersion and classification of functional powders showed that all powders have the largest particle size of 0,16 mm. The maximum yield of this fraction is 70% and the lowest is 40%. The structural-mechanical characteristics of powders from composite colloidal capillary-porous materials were investigated for the first time.  Characteristics of different fractions were determined by such parameters as bulk density, vibration density, angle of natural slope, speed of material flow through the funnel and others. Studies to determine the structural and mechanical properties of functional powders have shown that they can be attributed to more bulk powders, as opposed to highly bound monopowders.  Creating compositions improves their structural and mechanical properties.

Correlation of Holding Time and Bottom Ash Particle Size to Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Composite

2020 ◽  
Vol 867 ◽  
pp. 172-181
Author(s):  
I Made Kastiawan ◽  
I Nyoman Sutantra ◽  
Sutikno
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Polypropylene Matrix ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Initial Process

The impact of holding time and particle size of bottom ash on the mechanical properties of polypropylene composites has been investigated. The size of the used particle were 200-250, 250-300, and 300-350 mesh with the holding time variations were 0, 30, 60, and 90 minutes. The initial process of the bottom ash was cleaned with fresh and warm water, then drained and dried at a 120°C for 3 hours. In the making process of composites, the bottom ash was mixed into the polypropylene matrix by stirring at a speed of 20 rpm for 30 minutes. The results of this study showed that the highest composite strength values were obtained in composites with the particle size of 250-300 mesh. Tensile strength increased about 45% for composites without providing holding time (0 minutes), while the bending strength value increased significantly to 103% obtained on composites given a holding time of 30 minutes. The results of this study will be used as a basis for further research and hopes of getting better alternative engineering materials in the form of composites.

scholarly journals Effect of B4C particle size on the mechanical properties of B4C reinforced aluminum matrix layered composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangye Xu ◽  
Yingshui Yu ◽  
Yubo Zhang ◽  
Tingju Li ◽  
Tongmin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Reinforcement Particle ◽  
The Impact ◽  
B4c Particle

Abstract Reinforcement particle size is very important for the performance of metal ceramic composites. This work studied the influence of B4C particle size on the mechanical properties of Al matrix layered composites. These composites were fabricated using a simplified semicontinuous casting and hot-rolling process. To obtain an optimized filling structure of particles, Horsfield filling principle was applied to determine the size and mass fraction of B4C particles. Four sizes of B4C particles were used with various combinations. The results showed that with the increase of the B4C particle size and fine B4C mass fraction, the hardness of the composites decreases whereas the impact strength and ultimate tensile strength increase. The residual stress at interface should be responsible for the variation in properties. Besides, the interparticle distance also contributes to the change in impact strength and ultimate tensile strength.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BAMBOO POWDER REINFORCED ETHYLENE PROPYLENE DIENE MONOMER (EPDM) COMPOSITES: EFFECT OF FILLER LOADING AND PARTICLE SIZE

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1122-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mokhtar Hemdan Abd El-Salam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Internal Friction ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bamboo Powder ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Due to the light weight, high specific strength and non hazardous nature of bamboo fiber, it is preferred over synthetic fibers in composite materials for a wide range of applications such as automotive industry and including household sectors. As was noticed, little attention has been given to the effect of bamboo powder on the mechanical properties of rubber composites. Hence, an attempt has been made in this paper to the study the effect of loading and particle size of bamboo powder on the mechanical properties of EPDM composites. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to study the thermal stability of composites. Results indicated that the thermal stability of EPDM was further improved with increasing in bamboo loading and decreasing in particle size. The stress- strain curves of the composites were studied and fitted according toOgden’s model. Mechanical parameters for the studied composites were improved with increasing bamboo loading. Besides, properties such as rupture stress, and internal friction were found to be maximum for composites containing certain content of bamboo powder, depending upon its particle size. Moreover, composites containing the smallest particle size of powder, at all levels of bamboo loading, showed mechanical properties superior to all other composites. From the dynamic mechanical measurements, the dynamic modulus, internal friction, and thermal diffusivity were calculated. The observed variations were explained in view of the role played by both the loading level and the particle size of bamboo powder. These findings were supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs.

Influence of filler loading on the mechanical and morphological properties of carbonized coconut shell particles reinforced polypropylene composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-407
Author(s):  
Uchechi C Mark ◽  
Innocent C Madufor ◽  
Henry C Obasi ◽  
Udochukwu Mark
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Shell Particles ◽  
Coconut Shells

The high cost of mineral-based fillers and their processing difficulties have necessitated the search for alternative and cheaper filler materials, usually agro-waste materials such as coconut shells. The coconut shells were carbonized, pulverized, and sieved into four particles sizes, namely; 63 μm, 150 μm, 300 μm, and 425 μm. The carbonized coconut shell particles of each particle size were used as fillers in the preparation of polypropylene-filled composites at filler loadings of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt. %. The control was the neat polypropylene of 0% filler addition. The polypropylene/carbonized coconut shell particles composites were prepared via melt blending of polypropylene and the filler in an injection molding machine to obtain composite sheets. The influence of filler loading on the mechanical properties was evaluated. The addition of fillers was found to improve the yield strength, tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and hardness of polypropylene as these mechanical properties increased with increase in filler loading. The elongation at break and modulus of resilience of the prepared polypropylene/carbonized coconut shell particles composites were, however, observed to decline with an increase in the filler loading. Compared with the neat polypropylene, the filler showed enhanced mechanical properties in the prepared composites. SEM revealed good filler–matrix interaction because of good interfacial adhesion. The incorporation of more filler resulted in the formation of more spherulite-producing nuclei, reduction of pore sizes, and enhanced particle size distribution with improved mechanical properties. Experimental data modeling showed the addition of more than 48% carbonized coconut shell particles to polypropylene would compromise property enhancement.

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