SARS-CoV-2 / 2019-Novel Corona Virus: An Epidemic to Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Argha Sarkar ◽  
Mayuri Kundu ◽  
Padarthi Venkataramana ◽  
Pinaki Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Total State ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

An unexpected outbreak of pneumonia of unfamiliar aetiology in Wuhan,Hubei, China was reported in December 2019. World Health Organization identified the pathogen and named it COVID-19. COVID-19 madethe world go through a cisis. The impact of this viral disease is now an issue of major concern. Respiratory infections, dry cough with fever are the major symptoms which are due to beta coronavirus, namely Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Within a short spell, COVID-19 spread all over China. Since January to today 24 March 2020 this epidemic turned into pandemic with continuous rise of cases and deaths. Italy, Germany, Spain, USA, Iran, France are the countries where the disease is spreading in a community level and rest of the countries over the globe the positive cases are also comingin.  As the disease is communicable, it is highly necessary to take measures before it starts spreading in countries like India where the population is very high. The treatment of this severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 is not clear so far. Prevention is the only way to stop spreading this fatal disease. In view of this, the total state of knowledge regarding COVID-19 and the suggestive prevention are discussed by considering countries (considering India) where the population is high and this pandemic has just started spreading. 

scholarly journals Review Sistematik Temuan Oftalmologi pada Pasien dengan COVID -19: Apa yang Harus Kita Ketahui?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1A) ◽  
pp. 271-287
Author(s):  
Amalia Dwi Ariska ◽  
Trining Poernomo
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Conjunctival Swab ◽  
Systemic Manifestations ◽  
Health Organization

Latar belakang: SARS COV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) merupakan virus penyebab COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disesease-2019) yang pertama kali muncul di Kota Wuhan, Provinsi Hubei, Cina pada akhir Desember 2019. Sejak kemunculannya, SARS COV-2 menunjukkan penambahan jumlah pasien dan kematian yang pesat hingga lintas negara sehingga pada tanggal 11 Maret 2020, WHO (World Health Organization) mengumumkan bahwa COVID-19 dinyatakan sebagai global pandemi. Manifestasi COVID-19 dilaporkan sangat bervariasi, mulai dari gangguan sistem pernafasan, pencernaan, bahkan okular. Namun karena kelangkaan kasus dan situasi pandemi sehingga literatur mengenai manifestasinya pada mata sangat terbatas. Tujuan: Artikel ini akan menelaah manifestasi klinis SARS-COV-2 pada mata, hubungannya dengan manifestasi sistemik, peran pemeriksaan PCR swab konjungtiva, dan terapi yang diberikan melalui review kualitatif sesuai dengan rekomendasi PRISMA. Diskusi dan pembahasan masalah: Terdapat 12 dokumen yang ditelaah dalam review ini. Selain gejala pernafasan, COVID-19 juga dilaporkan dapat menyebabkan konjungtivitis dengan ciri umum seperti mata merah, kemosis konjungtiva, mata berair maupun manifestasi okular lain yang lebih jarang. Manifestasi okular dapat sebagai gejala tunggal, prodromal, maupun bersamaan dengan manifestasi sistemik, dan bisa menyebabkan gejala sisa berupa floaters. Terapinya pun bervariasi berdasarkan gejala. Pada kasus COVID-19 dengan konjungtivitis hasil pemeriksaan PCR swab konjungtiva bisa positif maupun negatif. Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa manifestasi okular pada pasien COVID-19 mungkin saja terjadi, dan hubungannya dengan manifestasi sistemik sangat bervariasi. Untuk terapi perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut, dan banyak faktor yang menyebabkan hasil PCR swab konjungtiva tidak sesuai dengan klinis pasien. Sehingga diharapkan agar setiap tenaga kesehatan untuk selalu waspada dan mengambil tindakan pencegahan yang memadai terlepas dari ada atau tidaknya manifestasi okular. Kata kunci : SARS CoV-2; COVID-19; manifestasi okular; konjungtivitis; PCR; swab konungtiva.     Background: SARS COV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) is a virus that causes COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disesease-2019) which first appeared in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China at the end of December 2019. Since its emergence, SARS COV-2 showed a rapid enhancement in the number of patients and death cases across countries, because of that, on March 11th, 2020, WHO (World Health Organization) announced that COVID-19 was declared as a global pandemic. The manifestations of COVID-19 were reported to be very varied, ranging from disorders of the respiratory, digestive, and even ocular system. However, due to the scarcity of cases and pandemic situations, the literature of its manifestations in the eyes is very limited. Objective: This article will review the clinical manifestations of SARS-COV-2 in the eye, their relationship to systemic manifestations, the PCR examination of conjunctival swab’s roles, and therapy provided through qualitative reviews according to PRISMA recommendations. Discussion: There were 12 documents reviewed in this study. In addition to respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 was also reported to cause conjunctivitis with common features such as red eye, conjunctival chemosis, watery discharge or other ocular manifestations that were less common. Ocular manifestations could be a single symptom, prodromal, or concurrent with systemic manifestations, and could cause sequelae in the form of floaters. Its treatment also varied based on symptoms. In the case of COVID-19 with conjunctivitis the results of conjunctival swab PCR examination could be positive or negative. Conclusion: It can be concluded that ocular manifestations in COVID-19 patients may occur, and their relationship with systemic manifestations is varies. For therapy, further research is needed, and many factors cause the conjunctival swab PCR results to be incompatible with the patient's clinical course. We hope that every health worker must be aware and take precautions regardless of the presence or absence of ocular manifestations. Keywords: SARS CoV-2; COVID-19; ocular manifestations; conjunctivitis; PCR; conjunctival swab.

scholarly journals Analyzing and Visualizing the Impact of Covid19 on the World

2020 ◽  
pp. 265-268
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Open Datasets ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

The Novel Corona virus is emerging as a Global public health threat. The outbreak initially emerged in Wuhan, China, large numbers of patients were getting sick because of Pneumonia and later it was found that they were nfected with the Novel Corona virus this emphasizes the importance of analyzing the data of this virus and predicting their risks of infecting people all around the globe. In this study, we present an effort to compile and analyze the outbreak information on COVID19 based on the open datasets on 2019 nCoV provided by the Johns Hopkins University, World Health Organization. An exploratory data analysis with visualizations has been made to understand the number of different cases reported (confirmed, death, and re-covered) in the World. Overall, at the outset of an outbreak like this, it is highly important to readily provide information to begin the evaluation necessary to understand the risks and begin containment activities.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Implications for Food, Water, Hygiene, Sanitation, and Environmental Safety in Africa: A Case Study in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courage Kosi Setsoafia Saba
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Governments all over the world are currently grappling with the COVID-19 pandemic. While some countries were very hard hit, others were only mildly hit but all are still taking measures to mitigate the consequences. The virus emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and spread to most continents by the beginning of March 2020, which led to the World Health Organization declaring it as a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020. Since it was a novel disease, there was limited information on the virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the same family as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Researchers all over the world started working simultaneously to understand the virus to provide the necessary treatment regime or vaccine in order to reduce the impact of the virus on its victims. Africa and other developing countries with limited resources and poor planning and management are expected to be among the worst hit in the long run. The implications of the COVID-19 on food, water, hygiene, sanitation, and the environment in Africa have been reviewed in this paper, as well as possible implications they may pose to the population, based on the existing common practices and their immediate impacts. This information can assist policymakers in Africa to adequately plan the management of the COVID-19 in order to lessen its impact on the population.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Treatment: Drug Safety Prior to Conception and During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (01) ◽  
pp. 46-60
Author(s):  
Marcelo Borges Cavalcante ◽  
Candice Torres de Melo Bezerra Cavalcante ◽  
Ana Catherine Sampaio Braga ◽  
Dennyse Araújo Andrade ◽  
Mariana Albuquerque Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn December 2019, a new viral respiratory infection known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first diagnosed in the city of Wuhan, China. COVID-19 quickly spread across the world, leading the World Health Organization to declare it a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The disease is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a similar virus to those involved in other epidemics such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Epidemiological studies have shown that COVID-19 frequently affects young adults of reproductive age and that the elderly and patients with chronic disease have high mortality rates. Little is known about the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy and breastfeeding. Most COVID-19 cases present with mild flu-like symptoms and only require treatment with symptomatic relief medications, whereas other cases with COVID-19 require treatment in an intensive care unit. There is currently no specific effective treatment for COVID-19. A large number of drugs are being used to fight infection by SARS-CoV-2. Experience with this therapeutic arsenal has been gained over the years in the treatment of other viral, autoimmune, parasitic, and bacterial diseases. Importantly, the search for an effective treatment for COVID-19 cannot expose pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 to the potential teratogenic risks of these drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to determine and understand the safety of anti-COVID-19 therapies prior to conception and during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic crisis—a complete outline of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Saffiruddin Shaikh ◽  
Anooja P. Jose ◽  
Disha Anil Nerkar ◽  
Midhuna Vijaykumar KV ◽  
Saquib Khaleel Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
Large City ◽  
World Health ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Chinese Province ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of COVID-19, a fatal disease emerged from Wuhan, a large city in the Chinese province of Hubei in December 2019. Main body of abstract The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a pandemic due to its spread to other countries inside and outside Asia. Initial confirmation of the pandemic shows patient exposure to the Huanan seafood market. Bats might be a significant host for the spread of coronaviruses via an unknown intermediate host. The human-to-human transfer has become a significant concern due to one of the significant reasons that is asymptomatic carriers or silent spreaders. No data is obtained regarding prophylactic treatment for COVID-19, although many clinical trials are underway. Conclusion The most effective weapon is prevention and precaution to avoid the spread of the pandemic. In this current review, we outline pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, ongoing clinical trials, prevention, and precautions. We have also highlighted the impact of pandemic worldwide and challenges that can help to overcome the fatal disease in the future.

scholarly journals Novel corona Virus (2019-nCoV) - An Ancient Ayurveda Epidemiology Literature Review.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
GANGAPRASAD ANANTRAO WAGHMARE
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rate Estimate ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

 Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). In more severe cases, infection can cause pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure and even death   Initially, the World Health Organization (WHO) had mentioned 2% as a mortality rate estimate in a press conference on Wednesday, January 29 and again on February 10. However, on January 29 2020 WHO specified that this was a very early and provisional estimate that might have changed. 3.4% Mortality Rate estimate by the World Health Organization (WHO) as of March 3 2020.                           The concept of epidemic was very much well defined in Ayurveda, Acharya Charaka the great physician of all ages had mentioned the epidemic diseases under the heading of “Janapadodhwans”.The aim of this review study is to understand the ancient Ayurveda epidemic literature , to prevent people from getting affected by epidemic diseases and to enlighten on epidemic diseases prevention & Management through Ayurveda. Keywords: Novel corona Virus (2019-nCoV),severe acute respiratory syndrome,Janapadodhwans,Ayurveda,epidemic Diseases,communicable disease,Panchakarma, Rasayan .  

scholarly journals COVID-19: an Indian perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2003
Author(s):  
Prahlad Kadambi
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Index Case ◽  
World Health ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The University ◽  
Indian Perspective

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is currently spreading globally rapidly. The World Health Organization (WHO) named the virus as the 2019 novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) on January 7, 2020. On February 11th 2020, the illness associated was named as 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Subsequently, the WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. The first case of COVID-19 was reported in India on 30 January 2020 in Thrissur, Kerala. This was the index case in India who tested positive after coming for a vacation. This individual was a student of the University of Wuhan. Subsequent cases were reported in Kerala. Subsequently, the number of cases in India increased to 519 as on 24th March 2020 with mortality in 7 patients as on 22nd March 2020 and 10 patients on 24th March 2020.

scholarly journals Long Term Effect of COVID-19 on the Brain: Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Shreerag Devkumar ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Jha ◽  
Dhruba Hari Chandi
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Disorder ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Corona viruses (CoVs) are well-covered RNA viruses that cause enteric and respiratory infections in humans and animals. Many human CoVs have recently gained global interest because of their lethal power and high contagious power. SARS-CoV-2, or COVID-19, is a pathogenic coV that first appeared in Wuhan, China. Corona virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) created by SARS-CoV-2, has been declared as pandemic by the World Health Organization since March 11, 2020. The epidemic started in Wuhan and spread rapidly around the world. Corona virus is facing a major epidemic: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). SARS-CoV-2 is a virus closely related to SARS. Corona virus (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2 VIRUS, a complex clinical disorder characterized by severe pneumonia and acute respiratory stress syndrome. Serious and neurological disorders, such as encephalitis, coma, fever, epilepsy, and Guillain-Barré syndrome, are more common in cases of COVID-19. In addition, chronic autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases may occur in SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology and colonization of intestinal and central nervous system, as well as systemic inflammatory response during COVID-19. Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative condition that causes the development of motor and non-motor symptoms.

scholarly journals COVID-19 DAN KEKERASAN SIMBOLIK

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Syahril M Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
World Health ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
System A ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

The new virus is now known as the corona virus. Corona virus is a virus that attacks the respiratory system. A disease due to viral infection is called COVID-19. The majority of cases there is a corona virus in Wuhan, China. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the corona virus as a pandemic. Pandemic COVID-19 becomes much discussed worldwide. This study aims to look at the impact of social phenomenon with the presence of the corona virus through various media; both print and electronic that led to symbolic violence. The results showed that the symbolic violence is present in a variety of ways with specific objectives.

scholarly journals A Computer Simulation Study on novel Corona Virus Transmission among the People in a Queue

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santhosh Samuel Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The People ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

The World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, has declared the novel Corona virus (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic. It is essential to understand how coronavirus transmits from one person to another and this knowledge will help protect the vulnerable and limit the spread of the Corona virus. The mode of respiratory transmission of Corona virus is not completely understood as of date. Using a computer simulation, this paper analyses the probability of spreading of Corona virus through air among the people who are standing in a queue. The parameters such as the diameter of the virus particle, room temperature, relative humidity, height of the person, distance between the people and the waiting time in the queue are considered in the computer model to determine the distribution of Corona virus and hence identify the risk factor of spreading the Covid-19. This paper describes the possibilities of getting infectious when a Covid-19 infected person present in a queue and the impact on the waiting time and the position in the queue on the transmission of Corona virus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document