scholarly journals CROP-LIVESTOCK INTERACTION IN RURAL HOUSEHOLD OF BANGLADESH

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahinur Islam ◽  
M. A. Hashem ◽  
Sadikul Islam ◽  
Md Hasanur Alam ◽  
Md. Akteruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Rural Household ◽  
Personal Interview ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Primary Level

This study examined the crop livestock interaction in agrarian zone of Bangladesh. Quantitative data were collected with a questionnaire from a sample of randomly selected 458 respondents through personal interview. Two categories of respondent participated, such as old conservational agriculture research or farmer group and new conservational agriculture research or farmer group. Simple and direct questions with different scales were used to obtain necessary information. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The result showed that 54.15% of the farmers were range between 31 and 35 years of age, and their educational level was mainly in primary level (31.66%) in all categories. The farmer’s family usually consist of more than six family members (42.58%). In rural household farmers used both own and lease land for crops production. Crops grown within the study area includes rice, wheat, jute, pulses, oilseeds, maize, vegetables etc. Livestock reared by respondent included cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goat, while their wives and children rear local chicken, duck and pigeon. Among annual household income crop provides 59.88% whereas livestock provides 13.23%. Extension services in the study areas of agricultural production should be provided in order to increase their level of production and greater crop-livestock interaction.

Abstract MP033: Socioeconomic Disparities in the Risk of Developing Heart Failure: Prospective Findings from the Moli-Sani Study

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marialaura Bonaccio ◽  
Augusto Di Castelnuovo ◽  
Simona Costanzo ◽  
Mariarosaria Persichillo ◽  
Livia Rago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Education ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality is well-established, while the impact of SES on heart failure (HF) incidence is less explored. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis of a SES gradient in the risk of HF. Methods: Population-based cohort study on 22,395 individuals (mean age 55.3±11.7, 47.7% men) free from HF at baseline randomly recruited from the general population included in the Moli-sani study (Italy). The cohort was followed up for a median of 7.6 years (168,031 person-years). Annual household income (Euros) and educational level were used as SES indicators. Presence of risk factors at baseline and a panel of health behaviours were tested as possible mediators of the association between SES and incident HF. Incident HF at follow-up was defined by HF hospitalization or HF death, according to the International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision (ICD-9). Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated by Cox-proportional hazard models. Results: We identified 757 first HF events. Both lowest education (middle and secondary schools) and household income (<60,000 Euros/y) were separately associated with increased risk of HF as compared with the highest category (Table). After simultaneous adjustment, the association of income appeared to be largely explained by education. The inclusion of traditional risk factors, biomarkers of heart failure and health-behaviors into the model attenuated the association of low education with HF incidence by 12%, 3.8% and 11.5%, respectively. Overall, the full explanatory model accounted for 23.8% of the educational gradient in the risk of HF (Table). Conclusions: Educational level, rather than income, is an independent predictor of HF development. Excess risk associated with low education was partially explained by traditional health risk factors, biomarkers of subclinical damage and health-behaviors.

scholarly journals The Effect of Devolution of Agricultural Sector on the Citizens’ Livelihoods in Wajir County

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (III) ◽  
pp. 187-198
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Jimale Muhumed ◽  
David Minja
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
County Government ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
County Level ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Devolution of government functions is one of the key moves introduced by the government, to enhance its service delivery and promote self-governance at County level. At a glance, devolution has come with both benefits and downsides, which are unique to the service/function that has been devolved. Agriculture was previously a function of the National government, under the Ministry of Agriculture. It is currently a devolved ministry, no longer under the sole control of the National government. Same as other devolved functions, it was expected that devolving the ministry of Agriculture would lead to better agricultural production at county level. Devolution Agricultural functions was expected to enhance agricultural production in the counties. The study thus sought to establish the effect of devolution of the agricultural sector on the livelihoods in Wajir County. This study was guided by the following objectives; to establish the effects of devolution of agricultural sector on the empowerment of small-scale farmers, to determine the effects of devolution of agricultural sector on incomes of households and to examine the effects of devolution of agricultural sector on food security of households in Wajir County. The study is hinged on the Sustainable Livelihood Approach. The study adopted a descriptive survey that helped in determining and reports the way things are and attempts to describe such things as possible behavior, attitudes, values, and characteristics. The study targeted5273 small-scale farmers and agricultural officers across all Wajir sub-counties. The study sampled 372 farmers from all the Sub-Counties in Wajir. Therefore, 372 farmers and 6 agricultural officers were used making a total sample size of 378 respondents. The researcher purposively selected six agricultural officers one from each sub-county. In identifying the farmers from each sub-county, the study used simple random sampling. The study will adopt both qualitative and quantitative data. The study used questionnaires for collecting data from 372 farmers, which will be constructed based on the research objectives. The questionnaires were administered using drop and pick method; this provided farmers with enough time to answer the questions. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics such as mean, mode, percentages and standard deviation. The study used Chi-Square to establish the relationship between the variables. The study findings indicated that the effect of devolution of agricultural activities in Wajir County has significantly affected the level of food security, sources of income and empowerment among the households in the county. Due to devolution of the agricultural activities, the county government now provides extension services, funds, inputs such as fertilizers and credits for agricultural activities and that has led to an increase in food production which has greatly improved food security and enhanced income generation. The small scale farmers no longer rely on livestock farming but also crop farming. Since the study findings present a significant effect of devolution of the agricultural activities to the county level in Wajir, it recommends that the county government should invest more in some of the agricultural activities such as access to agricultural services like Plough and tractor, Borehole and dam for irrigation, Extension services, Livestock vaccination and Disease surveillance, control, and awareness. There should also be an increase in the provision of services such as the provision of farm inputs and marketing of farm products on behalf of farmers in order to encourage more participation in agriculture by the households. In so doing, the small scale farmers in Wajir County will be more empowered, their income will improve and food security will also be enhanced.  

Long-Term (10 Years or More) Survivors Of Multiple Myeloma: A Population-Based Analysis Of The US National Cancer Data Base

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 760-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghana Raghavendra ◽  
Mohammed Al-Hamadani ◽  
Ronald S. Go
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Initial Therapy ◽  
National Cancer Data Base ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
Long Term Survivors

Abstract Introduction Long-term survivors in multiple myeloma (MM), described as those surviving >10 years since their diagnosis, are uncommon. There is paucity of data describing this subgroup of patients and how they differ clinically from the rest. Methods Patients with MM diagnosed from 1998 to 2000 were identified in the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB). We obtained data associated with socio-demographics, type and location of care facility, as well as the use high dose chemotherapy/autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) as initial treatment option. Four cohorts were created based on overall survival (OS): subgroup 1 (OS: < median); subgroup 2 (OS: median to 2X-median), subgroup 3 (OS: 2X-median to <10 years) and subgroup 4 (OS: >10 years). Results There were 27,987 MM patients. The median OS for the whole group was 26.7 months. Among them, 2,196 (7.9%) were long-term survivors. Subgroups 1, 2, and 3 comprised 54.8%, 19.0%, and 18.3% of the remaining patients, respectively. Majority were males (54.3%) with a mean age at diagnosis of 67.2 years (range, 19-90). Compared to the other subgroups (1/2/3), the long-term survivor subgroup had a significantly higher proportion of patients with high educational level (37.8% vs 28.4%/31.6%/33.9%; P < 0.001), high annual household income (41.5% vs 31.0%/34.2%/36.4%; P < 0.001), residence in a metro area (79.2% vs. 77.8%/78.7%/78.3%).; P=0.003), initial treatment at an academic center (46.6% vs 28.1%/34.6%/39.0%; P < 0.001), and had ASCT as part of initial therapy (16.5% vs 2.5%/6.4%/10.9%; P < 0.001). Multivariable analyses showed that younger age, non-Black race, lower educational level, non-Medicare/Medicaid primary payor, treatment at academic centers, and receipt of ASCT as part of initial treatment were significant independent predictors of survival > 10 years. In contrast, sex, ethnicity, type or geographic location of residence, and median annual household income were not significant. Conclusions In the US, approximately 1 in 13 MM patients diagnosed in 1998-2000 are long-term survivors. There are disparities in long-term outcomes according to socio-demographic characteristics, type of treatment facility, and receipt of ASCT as part of initial therapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Associations of Quantity Smoked and Socioeconomic Status With Smoke-Free Homes and Cars Among Daily Smokers

2021 ◽  
pp. 109019812110104
Author(s):  
Annie Pelekanakis ◽  
Jennifer L. O’Loughlin ◽  
Katerina Maximova ◽  
Annie Montreuil ◽  
Jodi Kalubi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Independent Association

Introduction An association between socioeconomic status (SES) and smoke-free private spaces among smokers could be due to heavier smoking among low SES smokers. We assessed whether quantity smoked or SES are independently associated with smoke-free homes or cars in daily smokers. Method Data were drawn from a cross-sectional telephone survey (2011–2012) of 750 daily smokers age ≥18 years in Quebec, Canada (45% response). Multivariable logistic regression was used to model the independent association between (a) number of cigarettes smoked per day, and (b) each of educational attainment, annual household income, or active employment status and smoke-free homes or cars. Results Participants were 41.0 years old on average, 57% were female. Median (IQR) number of cigarettes smoked per day was 14 (10, 20). Forty-eight percent of participants reported smoke-free homes; 34% reported smoke-free cars. Quantity smoked was strongly associated with both smoke-free homes and cars. Income and education (but not actively employed) were associated with smoke-free homes. None of the SES indicators were associated with smoke-free cars. Conclusions Interventions targeting smokers to promote smoke-free homes and cars should incorporate components to help smokers reduce quantity smoked or preferably, to quit. Interventions targeting smoke-free homes will also need to address SES inequalities by education and income. Our data suggest that reduction in quantity smoked may help smokers reduce SHS exposure in cars, but that an inequality lens may not be relevant.

The Effect of Extension Services and Credit on Agricultural Production in Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus C. R. Neves ◽  
Felipe De Figueiredo Silva ◽  
Carlos Otávio Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Average Treatment ◽  
Andean Countries ◽  
Average Treatment Effects

In this paper we estimate the average treatment effect from access to extension services and credit on agricultural production in selected Andean countries (Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia). More specifically, we want to identify the effect of accessibility, here represented as travel time to the nearest area with 1,500 or more inhabitants per square kilometer or at least 50,000 inhabitants, on the likelihood of accessing extension and credit. To estimate the treatment effect and identify the effect of accessibility on these variables, we use data from the Colombian and Bolivian Agricultural Censuses of 2013 and 2014, respectively; a national agricultural survey from 2017 for Peru; and geographic information on travel time. We find that the average treatment effect for extension is higher compared to that of credit for farms in Bolivia and Peru, and lower for Colombia. The average treatment effects of extension and credit for Peruvian farms are $2,387.45 and $3,583.42 respectively. The average treatment effect for extension and credit are $941.92 and $668.69, respectively, while in Colombia are $1,365.98 and $1,192.51, respectively. We also find that accessibility and the likelihood of accessing these services are nonlinearly related. Results indicate that higher likelihood is associated with lower travel time, especially in the analysis of credit.

The Effect of Louisiana Medicaid Expansion on Affordability of Health Care

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492110414
Author(s):  
Yixue Shao ◽  
Charles Stoecker
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Medicaid Expansion ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Health Care Affordability

Objectives Louisiana extended Medicaid coverage on July 1, 2016, to previously ineligible populations. We aimed to estimate the effect of Louisiana’s Medicaid expansion on self-reported affordability of health care. Methods We used 2011-2019 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The BRFSS measured affordability of health care by asking respondents 2 questions: (1) whether they could not see a doctor due to cost in the previous 12 months and (2) whether they could not get a prescribed medication due to cost in the previous 12 months. We estimated difference-in-differences and difference-in-difference-in-differences analytical models using multivariable linear regression that compared trends in Louisiana with trends in states that did not expand Medicaid during the study period. Results Compared with adults aged <65 with annual household income >138% of the federal poverty level (FPL) in nonexpansion states, Medicaid expansion in Louisiana decreased the percentage of adults aged <65 with annual household income ≤138% FPL who reported being unable to see a doctor due to cost by 5.1 percentage points (95% CI, −6.5 to −3.6; P < .001) and unable to afford prescribed medication by 7.9 percentage points (95% CI, −9.2 to −6.6; P < .001). We found similar estimates when we limited the comparison group to Southern nonexpansion states. Conclusions Louisiana’s Medicaid expansion lowered cost barriers to health care. Further research may find improvements in health care affordability in states that have not yet expanded Medicaid.

Marital status, educational level and household income explain part of the excess mortality of survey non-respondents

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Tolonen ◽  
Tiina Laatikainen ◽  
Satu Helakorpi ◽  
Kirsi Talala ◽  
Tuija Martelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Excess Mortality

scholarly journals Prioritization of Alternative Agricultural Products Based on Market Signals as a Tool for the Development of Innovative Projects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Villalva-Bustamante ◽  
M. F. Logroño-Rodríguez ◽  
T. F. Flores-Pulgar ◽  
B. Naula-Erazo
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Market Signals ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Productive Development

The Decentralized Autonomous Government of the province of Chimborazo promotes the agricultural productive development of the province by promoting entrepreneurship, and improving the capacities of producers, access to production factors, and integration of actors and subjects of agriculture and management on the basis to strategic planning. The construction of the Chimborazo Competitiveness Agenda was a participatory process that identified opportunities to improve the agricultural sector, where agricultural production at the primary level was recognized as a vocation and strength of the province; however, a strategic necessity was to establish possibilities of adding value and diversifying agricultural production. The definition of a set of agricultural products with high potential at the primary level and/or in agroindustrial processes that are not deeply explored required determining market signals to identify new medium- and long-term commercial possibilities for Chimborazo farmers. Additionally, it was recognized that the management of the province of Chimborazo was based on its management of the Millennium Development Goals, the Constitution of the Republic, the National Plan for Development in a Supra-Provincial Framework, as well as the Plan Development of Chimborazo, the Territorial Planning Plan and others that promoted planning with a focus on territorial and solidarity sustainable development. Keywords: Chimborazo, productive development, entrepreneurship, agricultural sector. Resumen El Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado de la Provincia de Chimborazo impulsa el fomento productivo agrícola de la provincia mediante la promoción del emprendimiento, el mejoramiento de las capacidades de los productores, acceso a factores de producción, integración de los actores y sujetos del agro y gestión en base a una planificación estratégica. Como parte de dicho accionar, la construcción de la Agenda de Competitividad Chimborazo fue un proceso participativo que identificó oportunidades para mejorar el sector agrícola, donde se reconoció la producción agrícola a nivel primario como una vocación y fortaleza de la provincia, no obstante, una necesidad estratégica fue el establecer posibilidades de agregación de valor y de diversificar la producción agrícola. La definición de un conjunto de productos agrícolas con alto potencial a nivel primario y/o en procesos agroindustriales que no están profundamente explorados requirió determinar señales de mercado para identificar posibilidades comerciales nuevas a mediano y largo plazo para los agricultores de Chimborazo. Adicionalmente, se reconoció que la gestión de la provincia de Chimborazo tuvo como base los Objetivos del Milenio, la Constitución de la República, el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo en un marco supra-provincial, así como el Plan de Desarrollo de Chimborazo, el Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial y otros en su conjunto que promovieron una planificación con un enfoque de desarrollo sostenible territorial y solidario. Palabras clave: Chimborazo, fomento productivo, emprendimiento, sector agrícola.

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