PREVALENCE OF DYSMENORRHEA AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS ATTENDING SALAAM UNIVERSITY IN MOGADISHU, SOMALIA AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH IT

Dysmenorrhea is pain associated with menstruation. It’s often an issue discussed in privacy yet continues to affect girls and women with grave impact on their education, social activities and work. Objective: To assess the factors that influence prevalence of dysmenorrhea among university students and factors associated with it in Salaam University in Mogadishu Capital city of Somalia. The study area was Salaam University. A cross sectional study was used to collect data on prevalence of dysmenorrhea among university students and factors associated with it. A self-administered questionnaire non-probability sampling, especially, the purposive sampling method was utilized to for semi-structured questionnaire and interview (N=190). SPSS V.16 was used for data analysis. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 72.0%. Conclusion: The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was high which was influenced mainly by the number of children, no family history of dysmenorrhea and daily consumption of sugary foods. The high prevalence of dysmenorrhea among students requires health education about it, its causes, management, schools to stock analgesics in the school clinics and further research on its effect on academic life of the students.

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Prevalence and factors associated with anxiety among university students of health sciences in Brazil: findings and implications

Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/0047-2085000000322 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Júlia Vasconcelos de Sá Alves ◽

Waléria de Paula ◽

Patrícia Ribeiro Rezende Netto ◽

Brian Godman ◽

Renata Cristina Rezende Macedo do Nascimento ◽

...

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Social Performance ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Sciences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Behavioral Issues ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

ABSTRACT Objective The aim was to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety disorders among university students of health sciences at Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study between March to June 2019. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire including sociodemographic, academic, family and behavioral issues. The Beck Anxiety Inventory was used to assess anxiety. Estimates were obtained through the prevalence ratio and Poisson multivariate analysis. Results Four hundred and ninety-three students participated with a mean age of 23.1 and predominantly women (79.9%). All students had some degree of anxiety, with the frequency of the severe, moderate and mild forms being 28.0%, 29.8% and 27.0%, respectively. The factors associated with anxiety included having suffered psychological and/or physical violence in childhood, having suicidal thoughts, having a deceased parent, living with parents, being dissatisfied with the course and being in the exam period. Conclusions The prevalence of anxiety was high in our study and family problems prior to entering university seem to significantly influence the degree of anxiety, which may compromise the student’s academic and social performance.

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Social and behavioural factors associated with depressive symptoms among university students in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019918 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. e019918 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Chanrith Ngin ◽

Khuondyla Pal ◽

Sovannary Tuot ◽

Pheak Chhoun ◽

Rosa Yi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

University Students ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Capital City ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Behavioural Factors

ObjectiveTo explore social and behavioural factors associated with depressive symptoms among university students in Cambodia.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingsTwo public universities—one in the capital city of Phnom Penh and another in Battambang provincial town.ParticipantsThis study included 1359 students randomly selected from all departments in the two universities using a multistage cluster sampling method for a self-administered questionnaire survey in 2015.Primary outcome measureDepressive symptoms measured by using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. All measures in the study were self-reported.ResultsThe proportion of students with depressive symptoms and severe depressive symptoms were 50.6% and 19.6%, respectively. After adjustment in multivariate logistic regression analysis, depressive symptoms remained significantly associated with poor academic performance (adjusted OR (AOR)=7.31, 95% CI 2.24 to 23.86), higher consumption of unhealthy food (AOR=1.72, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.76), a negative self-perception about body shape (AOR=0.54, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.99) and general health status (AOR=2.99, 95% CI 1.28 to 7.00), and limited physical activeness (AOR=0.30, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.58). Depressive symptoms also remained significantly associated with adverse childhood experiences including physical violence (AOR=1.39, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.86), psychological abuse (AOR=1.82, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.42) and lack of general and medical care (AOR=0.51, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.86) by family during childhood.ConclusionsThe key factors associated with depressive symptoms were family related and individual behaviours and attitudes. Thus, efforts should be invested in comprehensive screening and intervention programmes to diagnose those vulnerable students early, offer immediate treatment and cater appropriate support.

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Prevalence, Severity and Factors Associated with Dental Caries Among School Adolescents in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440202002841 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 171-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Barbara Ndagire ◽

Annet Kutesa ◽

Ronald Ssenyonga ◽

Harriet Mayanja Kiiza ◽

Damalie Nakanjako ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Tooth Cleaning ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Cleaning Device ◽

History Of ◽

Dmft Index

Abstract Dental caries is one of the most prevalent diseases in developing countries. However, there is limited data on the prevalence and factors associated with dental caries in Ugandan adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to describe the prevalence, severity of dental caries and to determine the factors associated with the disease among school adolescents in Uganda. A cross sectional study was conducted at two secondary schools from Kampala (n=197) and Mukono (n=209) districts, Uganda. At both schools, random sampling was used to select the participating classes and the 406 adolescents (11-19 years) eligible to participate in the research. Dental caries was examined using the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, and a questionnaire was used to collect other relevant data in form of an oral interview. The data were analyzed using STATA version 12. The data was declared as survey data and all analyses were done with svy command. The prevalence of caries was determined as a percentage of individuals with DMFT score ≥1. Modified Poisson regression models were utilized to assess the association between prevalence, severity of dental caries and independent variables. The overall prevalence of dental caries was 66.0% and mean DMFT score of 2.18±2.67. Dental caries prevalence and severity were significantly (p<0.05) associated with tooth cleaning device, age and history of previous dental visit. There was a high prevalence and severity of dental caries among adolescents, which emphasizes the urgent need to develop and design appropriate interventions to reduce the disease burden.

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Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii specific immunoglobulin G antibodies among pregnant women in Norway

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268897008480 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 120 (1) ◽

pp. 87-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

P. A. JENUM ◽

G. KAPPERUD ◽

B. STRAY-PEDERSEN ◽

K. K. MELBY ◽

A. ESKILD ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Capital City ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Number Of Children ◽

The North ◽

High Prevalence ◽

One Year

During one year from June 1992 serum IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii among 35940 pregnant women were measured in a cross-sectional study conducted in Norway. The overall prevalence was 10·9%. The lowest prevalences were detected in the north (6·7%) and in the inland counties (8·2%). A significantly higher prevalence was detected in the southern counties (13·4%) where a mild, coastal climate prevails. Women with foreign names had a higher prevalence (22·6%) than women with Norwegian names (10·0%). The high prevalence among women living in the capital city (Oslo) as compared to other cities and rural areas (13·2% vs. 10·1% and 10·2% respectively), was explained by the higher proportion of foreign women in Oslo. Prevalence significantly increased with age in women over 34 years old. This increase was only detected among women with Norwegian names. An increase in prevalence according to number of children was detected. Women without children had a prevalence of 8·8% while women with three children or more had a prevalence of 14·9%. Multivariate analyses showed that being seropositive was independently associated with county of residence, age, nationality and number of children.

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Factors associated with depression anxiety and stress in the context of covid-19 pandemic in police officers of metropolitan lima, Peru

Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana ◽

10.25176/rfmh.v21i4.4227 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 787-796

Author(s):

Katherine D. Apaza Llantoy ◽

Lucy Cedillo Ramirez ◽

Lucy E. Correa-López

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Police Officers ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Number Of Children ◽

History Of Disease ◽

History Of

Objective: To determine the factors associated with the development of depression, anxiety and stress in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in police officers in Lima, Peru. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted in 210 police officers who were administered the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) in October 2020, as well as a form, via Google Forms, to obtain sociodemographic and clinical data. A bivariate and a multivariate analysis were performed using crude and adjusted prevalence ratios, with a confidence interval >95% and a significance level of p≤0.05. Results: Depression, anxiety and stress prevalence rates were 11.43%, 10% and 7.62%, respectively. In the bivariate analysis, anxiety was associated with the number of children (cPR:3.18; 95% CI [1.10-9.17]; p:0.032) and history of disease (cPR:2.50; 95%CI[1.08-5.75]; p:0.031). For depression and stress, no significantly associated factors were found. In the multivariate analysis, an association between depression and age (aPR:2.50; 95%CI[1.02-6.10]; p:0.044) was found, as well as an association between stress and emotional situation (aPR:3.10; 95%CI[1.08-8.95]; p:0.034), COVID-19 diagnosis (aPR:3.18; 95%CI[1.02-9.92]; p:0.045) and history of disease (aPR:4.19; 95%CI[1.22-14.36]; p:0.022). Conclusions: A low prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was observed in the study population. In addition, according to the multivariate analysis, the risk factors for stress were being single, having been diagnosed with COVID-19 and having a history of disease, while being 40 years old or younger was a risk factor for depression.

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Factors associated with induced abortion among women attending Marie Stopes Clinics in Kathmandu Valley

Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/jucms.v3i3.24245 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 27-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nilu Thapa ◽

Sajana Maharjan

Keyword(s):

Contraceptive Use ◽

Unwanted Pregnancy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Induced Abortion ◽

Similar Proportion ◽

Kathmandu Valley ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Number Of Children ◽

History Of

INTRODUCTION: Though abortion has been legalized in Nepal from September 2002 but it is still a highly stigmatized issue with lots of prevailing misconceptions in the community. In this scenario also each year one lakh abortion are done in Nepal and the number of women seeking abortion services is in increasing trend. Therefore, it is very important to know the reasons behind seeking abortion services by Nepalese women. The overall objective of this study was to assess the factors associated with induced abortion among women attending at Marie Stopes Clinics of Kathmandu Valley. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of two weeks in the Marie Stopes's clinics of Gongabu and Kupondole sites of Kathmandu among 85 purposively selected women. Face-to-face interview was done by using the semi-structured questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed by using simple descriptive statistics like percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviations and presented in the forms of tables and narratives. RESULTS: The mean age of the respondents with standard deviation was 25.5±5.571 years. Around 88 % of the respondents were literate. Majority (91.8%) were married. Around 75 % of the respondents cited, having enough children and wanting no more child now as the main reason behind having abortion. The decision of undergoing abortion was taken by both partners in 89.4% of the respondents. Exactly 62.4% of the respondents were not aware about the possible effects of abortion. Almost 32% of the respondents had the history of previous abortion. Almost 90 % of the respondents had desired to use contraceptive after abortion. Condoms, pills and Depo-Provera were preferred by 41.3%, 22.7% and 13.3% of the respondents for use after undergoing abortion respectively. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded from the study that the major reasons behind undergoing abortion were to limit the number of children and desire to postpone the children. About one-third of women have the history of previous abortion and similar proportion has done abortion two to three times. Therefore, this study suggests that long acting FP methods and sterilization services should be made accessible to women so that they could prevent unwanted pregnancy. Also there is need of strengthening counseling services for contraceptive use to women coming for abortion repeatedly.

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Neuroenhancement in French and Romanian University Students, Motivations and Associated Factors

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18083880 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 3880

Author(s):

Irina Brumboiu ◽

Alessandro Porrovecchio ◽

Thierry Peze ◽

Remy Hurdiel ◽

Irina Cazacu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Prescription Drugs ◽

Drugs Of Abuse ◽

Beta Blockers ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Attitudes And Beliefs ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Anonymous Questionnaire ◽

Students Attitudes

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the use of neuroenhancers, the motivations and factors associated with their use in French and Romanian university students. Students from two universities in France (Rouen and Opal Coast University) and one in Romania (Cluj-Napoca) were asked to complete a self-administered anonymous questionnaire, either online or on paper, about the use of three different categories of substance: Prescription drugs (methylphenidate, modafinil, and beta-blockers), drugs of abuse (alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and amphetamines), and soft enhancers (coffee, vitamins, caffeine tablets, and energy drinks). In total, 1110 students were included: The users were 2.2% for prescription drugs, 4.3% for drugs of abuse, and 55.0% for soft enhancers. Students used neuroenhancement to stay awake for study (69.3%), to improve concentration (55.5%), to decrease stress (40.9%), and to improve memory (39.6%). Neuroenhancement was considered to meet expectations by 74.4% of users. The factors associated with the use of drugs of abuse were frequent binge drinking (Adjusted Odds Ratio—AOR: 6.49 [95% CI: 2.53–16.6]), smoking (AOR: 5.50 [95% CI: 2.98–10.14]), having a student job (AOR: 2.42 [95% CI 1.13–5.17]), and being male (AOR: 2.23 [95% CI:1.21–4.11]). No significant associations with eating disorders were detected for any of the three categories of substances. University students reported neuroenhancement with prescription drugs, drugs of abuse, and mainly soft enhancers. These substances were used mainly to increase the waking hours. Educational programs in universities seem to be required in order to increase student awareness of the problems caused by neuroenhancements, and to decrease the associated risks by changing students’ attitudes and beliefs.

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Prevalence of MDR organism (MDRO) carriage in children and their household members in Siem Reap Province, Cambodia

JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

10.1093/jacamr/dlaa097 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Shweta R Singh ◽

Bunsoth Mao ◽

Konstantin Evdokimov ◽

Pisey Tan ◽

Phana Leab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Final Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

E Coli ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Siem Reap ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Significant Public Health ◽

History Of

Abstract Background The rising incidence of infections caused by MDR organisms (MDROs) poses a significant public health threat. However, little has been reported regarding community MDRO carriage in low- and middle-income countries. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in Siem Reap, Cambodia comparing hospital-associated households, in which an index child (age: 2–14 years) had been hospitalized for at least 48 h in the preceding 2–4 weeks, with matched community households on the same street, in which no other child had a recent history of hospitalization. Participants were interviewed using a survey questionnaire and tested for carriage of MRSA, ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) by culture followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing. We used logistic regression analysis to analyse associations between collected variables and MDRO carriage. Results Forty-two pairs of households including 376 participants with 376 nasal swabs and 290 stool specimens were included in final analysis. MRSA was isolated from 26 specimens (6.9%). ESBL-producing Escherichia coli was detected in 269 specimens (92.8%) whereas ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from 128 specimens (44.1%), of which 123 (42.4%) were co-colonized with ESBL-producing E. coli. Six (2.1%) specimens tested positive for CPE (4 E. coli and 2 K. pneumoniae). The prevalence ratios for MRSA, ESBL-producing E. coli and ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae carriage did not differ significantly in hospital-associated households and hospitalized children compared with their counterparts. Conclusions The high prevalence of ESBL-E across both household types suggests that MDRO reservoirs are common in the community. Ongoing genomic analyses will help to understand the epidemiology and course of MDRO spread.

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Assessing Knowledge and Perception Regarding Antimicrobial Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance in University Students of Pakistan: Findings and Implications

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10070866 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 866

Author(s):

Iltaf Hussain ◽

Nisa Yousaf ◽

Sana Haider ◽

Pervisha Jalil ◽

Muhammad Usman Saleem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

University Students ◽

Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dosing Regimen ◽

Student Knowledge ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

The irrational use of antimicrobials has enormously contributed to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally and especially in the developing world. To assess the knowledge and perception regarding AMR and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in university students enrolled in pharmacy, veterinary, and biology programs by using an online self-administered questionnaire. The Chi-square and Fisher exact tests (where applicable) were performed to assess the association of the demographics with the students’ knowledge and perception regarding AMR and AMS. A total of 496 students completed the questionnaire, among which, 85.7% of the participants were familiar with the term AMR and 79.4% of the participants correctly identified a poorly designed dosing regimen as a contributing factor towards AMR. The majority of participants (57.9%) were familiar with the term AMS and 86.5% were aware of the aim of AMS. The participants showed good knowledge regarding AMR and AMS, but to further improve student knowledge and perception of AMS and AMR, it is suggested that dedicated modules on antibiotic use and AMS should be incorporated into the curricula of these undergraduate and postgraduate programs.

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The factors associated with the length of the third stage of labour: A descriptive-analytical study

Current Women s Health Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573404817666210406154510 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Mansoureh Refaei ◽

Soodabeh Aghababaei ◽

Mansoureh Yazdkhasti ◽

Farideh Kazemi ◽

Fatemeh Farahmandpour

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Study Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Third ◽

Third Stage ◽

History Of ◽

Mother’S Age ◽

And Gender ◽

The Relationship

Background: Several risk factors have been identified for postpartum hemorrhage, one of which being the duration of the third stage of labour. This stage refers to the interval between the expulsion of the fetus to the expulsion of the placenta. Some bleeding occurs in this stage due to the separation of the placenta Objective: This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the length of the third stage of labour. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 300 women hospitalized for vaginal birth were selected via convenience sampling. The study data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. Then, the data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. Results: The mean (SD) age of the participants was 26.41 (6.26) years. Investigation of the relationship between the study variables and the time of placental separation indicated that a minute increase in the length of membranes rupture caused a 0.003minute decrease in the time of placental separation. However, this time increased by 2.75, 6.68, and 2.86 minutes in the individuals without the history of abortion, those with the history of stillbirth, and those who had not received hyoscine, respectively. The results of multivariate analysis indicated that suffering from preeclampsia or hypertension, history of stillbirth, not receiving hyoscine, and not receiving misoprostol increased the length of the third stage by 4.40, 8.55, 2.38, and 6.04 minutes, respectively. Conclusion: Suffering from preeclampsia and having the history of stillbirth increased and using hyoscine and misoprostol decreased the length of the third stage of labour. However, no significant relationship was found between the length of the third stage of labour and mother’s age, gestational age, parity, mother’s body mass index, mother’s chronic disorders, history of manual placenta removal, length of the first and second stages, membranes rupture, induction, amount of oxytocin after delivery, and infant’s weight and gender.

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