scholarly journals Contradiction Between the Average Age of Retirement at the Time of Death and the Average Pension Time for Men and Women in Public Employment in Portugal

2017 ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Pedro Nunes ◽  
Eva Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Public Policies ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Men And Women

The short article attempts to make some very brief reflections on the effects a lack of public policies positively discriminatory in terms of public employment retirement. In particular, the observation of the absurd contradiction between the average age of retirement at the time of death (for men and women) and the average pension time for men and women in public employment in Portugal.

The Beginnings of Deathbed Practice in Japan

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline I. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Time Of Death ◽  
Pure Land ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Heian Period ◽  
Artistic Representations ◽  
Religious Associations ◽  
The Ideal

Deathbed practices emerged during Japan’s Heian period (794-1185) in connection with growing aspirations for birth after death in a pure land, whether of Amida or of some other buddha or bodhisattva. The ideal of mindful death was stimulated by three seminal events: Yoshishige no Yasutane’s completion of the first Japanese collection of ōjōden, or accounts of men and women said to have been born in Amida Buddha’s realm; the monk Genshin’s authoring of Japan’s first set of instructions for deathbed practice in his Ōjō yōshū; and the formation of the Twenty-Five Samādhi Society, an association of monks committed to assisting one another’s practice at the time of death. Hopes for Amida’s welcoming descent (raigō) and notions of exemplary death leading to birth in the Pure Land, along with corollary fears about falling into the hells, spread through doctrinal developments, religious associations, literature, liturgical performance, songs, and artistic representations.

scholarly journals Narco-Culture as a distortion of gender stereotypes: An aggravating factor in the situation of violence and conflict in society

Ad-gnosis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Massiel Miranda Yanes ◽  
◽  
Shanny Valdes Salas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Role Of Men

Today, Narco-Culture has transformed many aspects in some society. One of the aspects still to be explored is linked to studies of gender stereotypes, because very little research has been done on this subject. For this reason, the main objective of this article is to explore how drug trafficking has distorted gender stereotypes, linking this viewpoint as an aggravating factor in situations of conflict and violence in society, taking Colombian society as a reference and yet it could be applied to other countries and contexts. Thus, the premise of the article is that the Narco-Culture has changed the role of men and women in society. The most significant findings show that the gender perspective provides a holistic view of the phenomenon of violence in society and can therefore help authorities to design effective public policies that break its cycle, Understanding also that society and culture have a great direct and indirect responsibility in the perpetuation of drug trafficking and all manifestations of violence.

scholarly journals Surgical anatomy of the anastomoses of the iliolumbar artery

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
A. V. Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Preparation Method ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Injection Method ◽  
Definite Pattern ◽  
Dead Bodies ◽  
Iliolumbar Artery ◽  
Vascular Injection

Objective: to determine the variants of topography and quantity of the anastomoses of the iliolumbar artery.Materials and methods. The material of the research was 206 dead bodies of men (aged 22–82 at the time of death) and 113 dead bodies of women (aged 32–93 at the time of death) who had died of accidental causes not related to pelvic pathology. The vascular injection method, preparation method were used to achieve the objective of the study. The statistical processing of the obtained data was performed.Results. It has been found that the formation of the anastomoses of the iliolumbar artery is most often found in its proximal and middle thirds, significantly rarely — in its distal third. We have revealed no statistically significant differences between the average diameters of the iliolumbar artery and the average diameters of its anastomoses in men.Conclusion. The performed research has demonstrated that the anastomoses of the iliolumbar artery in men and women have a definite pattern of origination.

Cross-cultural differences in the entrepreneurial activity of men and women: a fuzzy-set approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Fernandes Crespo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Culture Dimensions ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

Purpose The aim of this paper is threefold: to identify the combinations of national culture dimensions that lead to high (or low) entrepreneurial activity (EA) for men and women, to understand the role of economic development as a relevant condition that combines with national culture dimensions to achieve high (or low) male or female EA and to identify the differences between the configurations that lead to those outcomes. Design/methodology/approach Using data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and from the Hofstede Centre for 77 countries, this study uses a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore complex causal relations between national culture dimensions, the level of economic development (conditions) and the male and female EA (outcomes). Findings This research provides three major insights. First, it is not possible to talk about a single culture that promotes entrepreneurship, but instead in several entrepreneurial cultures. This is particularly interesting when distinguishing between genders, because there are configurations that are specific to one of the genders. Second, different levels of economic development (high/low) combine with national culture dimensions to produce different configurations that can lead to high EA. Third, differences found between the solutions for both genders are higher in the case of the configurations that lead to high EA than in the ones that lead to low EA. Practical implications These results are very important to governments and policy makers with the objective of stimulating the EA within their specific countries. When designing public policies to promote entrepreneurship, they should take into consideration the specific cultural context of the country. The cultural context of each country presents multiple dimensions; therefore, the design of public policies should not rely on single, occasional and unarticulated policies. There are countries where the cultural context only promotes EA for males or females. In those cases, the public policies should differentiate between men and women, to be equally effective. Originality/value By using a configurational approach, this study identifies several configurations of national culture dimensions and the level of economic development that lead to the same outcomes: high (or low) EA. Some of the configurations are specific to achieving only male or female EA (high or low).

scholarly journals “They Came Home Over-Empowered”: Identifying Masculinities and Femininities in Food Insecurity Situations in Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Bonatti ◽  
Juliano Borba ◽  
Izabela Schlindwein ◽  
Constance Rybak ◽  
Stefan Sieber
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Theater Of The Oppressed ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
And Gender

Gender inequality, embedded in sociocultural structures, persists in Tanzania. It is particularly manifest in access to productive resources, income-generating and employment opportunities, time-use, and educational possibilities. Seeking to contribute to the study of gender roles in Tanzania in the context of food insecurity, this paper presents findings regarding the social role of gender drawn from a study of food security problems and family experiences in Dodoma, Tanzania. The methodology comprised two phases: (1) Face-to-face structured interviews with 333 households; and (2) workshops based on TO—Theater of the Oppressed. These two phases were complemented by repeated research stays in the Dodoma region. TO helps to understand the connections between the private universe of families and their narratives about food insecurity. From the voices of community members in Dodoma, we identify aspects of how men and women perceive the food insecurity situation. Results show that there are several contextual factors related to food insecurity at the community level, and that issues related to domestic violence also appear when cultural patrons and gender roles are questioned. Based on theory and the data collected, we seek not only to comprehend how food insecurity and gender roles are interconnected, but also how to think about new forms of public policies that support gender equality among men and women in rural areas. We conclude that transdisciplinary studies on food insecurity can help public policies address complex scenarios, comprising the multiple and conflicting values present in sociocultural issues, while taking into account individual community needs and specificities.

Predictors of disability pension over a 10-year period for men and women

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Albertsen ◽  
Thomas Lund ◽  
Karl B. Christensen ◽  
Tage S. Kristensen ◽  
Ebbe Villadsen
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Market Status ◽  
The Difference

Aims: The number of people leaving the labour market with a disability pension is high and knowledge regarding risk factors is limited. The aim of this study was to explore work- and non-work-related predictors of disability pension among men and women and to estimate to what extent the gender difference in retirement rate could be explained by factors in and outside work. Methods: A random sample of 5,940 employees registered in the Danish National Work Environment Cohort Study in 1995 was followed up with regard to labour market status in 2005 using the DREAM register, which contains data on all social transfer payments in the Danish population. Associations between disability pension and measures of ergonomic and psychosocial work environment, public employment, family status, and lifestyle were analysed by Cox regression and the difference in retirement rates adjusted separately for each group of variables. Results: The results showed (a) that both men and women had a higher risk of disability pension when they had work that involved standing or if they smoked; (b) that women in addition had a higher likelihood if they were public employees, had low job security, or low social support at work; (c) that the higher rate of disability pension among women compared with men could not be explained by work environmental factors, lifestyle, or family situation. Public employment was the single factor that explained most of the difference. Conclusions: Gender differences in exposures and predictors of disability pension were found, but few explanations of the higher rate of disability pension among women.

Food-Farming and Migration from Fante Villages

Africa ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polly Hill
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sociological Factors ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Outward Migration ◽  
Southern Ghana

Opening ParagraphIn January to March 1975 I visited certain Fante food-growing villages near Cape Coast, in southern Ghana, with the intention of investigating the organisation of food-farming, with special reference to the position of women farmers. In the event, as I shall relate, much of my time was spent studying the outward migration which involved nearly all young men and women. In this short article I shall deal with the main sociological factors which account for what I can only assume to be the extreme inefficiency of most food-farmers in these villages in terms of crop yields per cultivator.

Toward Gender Equality in the Korean Civil Service

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Employment Practices ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
National Comparison ◽  
General Service ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Cross National

This study examines public employment practices in contemporary Korea based on gender. Findings show that women are poorly represented in the Korean civil service. Although the distribution of women civil servants is increasing in the civil service as a whole, women are greatly under-represented in the higher levels. The ratio of females to males in the upper levels of civil service has not changed over time, and higher civil service positions are still overwhelmingly held by men in the General Service. Most women workers are concentrated at lower levels and segregated in traditionally women-oriented workplaces. Thus, it is necessary to recognize the need for equitable solutions to problems experienced differently by men and women in the Korean public sector. In addition, a brief review of the Japanese civil service is included for a cross-national comparison.

scholarly journals Wage inequalities between men and women and a public policy analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taise Fátima Mattei ◽  
Fernanda Mendes Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Family Policy ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Human Capital Theory ◽  
Reverse Discrimination ◽  
Wage Differences ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Public Policy Analysis ◽  
Wage Inequalities

The labor market is marked by high social and economic inequalities, especially with regard to positions and salaries between men and women. Thus, this study will present the theories used to try to explain wage inequalities between men and women and will approach public policies and actions to minimize this problem, especially those of a discriminatory origin. The results point out the characteristics of the theories: the theory of compensatory differentials explains the extra gains for jobs that require greater risks; The human capital theory explains wage differentials through differences in schooling and experience; The theory of segmentation seeks in the segmentation of the market explanation for the wage differences; And the theory of discrimination seeks explanation in the personal characteristics of workers. With regard to the actions and public policies to minimize wage differences between genders, we can mention: anti-discrimination policies; Family policy; Reverse discrimination, among others.

Ultrastructural comparison of prolactin adenomas of pituitary in men and women

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 346-347
Author(s):  
R.C. Caughey ◽  
U.P. Kalyan-Raman
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Transmission Electron

Prolactin producing pituitary adenomas are ultrastructurally characterized by secretory granules varying in size (150-300nm), abundance of endoplasmic reticulum, and misplaced exocytosis. They are also subclassified as sparsely or densely granulated according to the amount of granules present. The hormone levels in men and women vary, being higher in men; so also the symptoms vary between both sexes. In order to understand this variation, we studied 21 prolactin producing pituitary adenomas by transmission electron microscope. This was out of a total of 80 pituitary adenomas. There were 6 men and 15 women in this group of 21 prolactinomas.All of the pituitary adenomas were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, rinsed in Millonig's phosphate buffer, and post fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide. They were then en bloc stained with 0.5% uranyl acetate, rinsed with Walpole's non-phosphate buffer, dehydrated with graded series of ethanols and embedded with Epon 812 epoxy resin.

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