scholarly journals The King Danylo Romanovich in Rus’-Mongolian Relations: Discussion Questions of Historiography

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Negative Reaction ◽  
The Political ◽  
Military Action ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
The Times

The article analyzes topical issues of the Rus’-Mongolian relations of the times of King of Rus’ Danylo Romanovich. The consideration of the discussion aspects of political relations between Rus’ and the Golden Horde in the historiography is analyzed. It is concluded that the impression made by the Mongols on young Prince Danylo during the Battle on the Kalka River prompted him to engage in reforming his own army borrowing from Mongolian tactics and weapons. The establishment of the power of the Galician-Volyn ruler in Kyiv in 1239 caused the Mongol conquerors to seize not only the ancient capital of Rus’, but also the towns Volodymyr and Galich. Danylo Romanovich’s attempts to organize a joint struggle with the Hungarians and Poles against mongols in the 1240s and 1241s failed. Despite the fact that the campaigns of the Mongol troops caused great losses, we consider the hypothesis of the complete desolation of the Rus’ Land to be obsolete and unsubstantiated. At the same time Bolokhivshchyna and Pereyaslavshchyna were under the direct authority of Mongolian officials. Instead, the dependence of the Galich and Volyn lands on the Mongols was nominal because the Romanoviches continued to pursue independent domestic and foreign policies. Danylo’s status as a “mirnik” of Khan Batu facilitated a political alliance with the Hungarian King Bela IV. The political agreement of Danylo Romanovich with Andriy Yaroslavovich caused a sharp negative reaction in the Mongols. After the victory of Nevruy over the Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal in 1252 against Danylo Kuremsa began military action. However, due to the decisive actions of Romanoviches Kuremsa was repeatedly defeated. The confirmation of Danylo Romanovich’s sovereign status was his coronation in the second half of 1253. The last stage of the relations of King of Rus’ Danylo Romanovich with the Mongols took place in the late 50’s – early 60’s of the XIII century. Burundai was able not only to destroy Danyl’s alliance with Lithuania, but also to restore Khan’s dominion over Romanovich’s possessions. It is important to emphasize that Romanovichi remained in the status of “mirnik” not “dannik” as rulers of Northeast Rus’. The absence of the Basques, as well as the transfer by the Mongols of the shortcut to Kyiv to the Vladimir-Suzdal Princes directly dependent on the Golden Horde once again underlines another legal status of the Galician and Volyn Lands.

scholarly journals КОНСТИТУЦИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН: ЕДИНСТВО, УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ И ПРОЦВЕТАНИЕ (CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: UNITY, SUSTAINABILITY AND PROSPERITY)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venera Nauryzova ◽  
Umit Kairova
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Political System ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The Political ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Organizations

The article examines the history of the development of the Constitution and the status of constitutional values, the rule of law. The foundations of the constitutional reform have been determined. The political system of the state is clearly spelled out in our constitution. At the same time, this law for the first time describes the core of the political system - the presidential system. Today we can say that our Constitution and laws allow us to stimulate creativity and entrepreneurship. This norm defines the main purpose, the scope of public relations to be regulated by constitutional laws, laws, Presidential Decrees, regulations of government agencies of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Attention should be paid to the role, meaning and features of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan as the main document of the country. In addition, it tells about the adoption of our Constitution, its achievements, measures to prove that Kazakhstan is a legal state. As soon as the draft of the new Constitution was published in the media for public discussion, it can be said that in fact the whole country began its work. It is said that the Constitution of the Republic is the initiator of a new stage of constitutional development, which has a high legal force and stability, strengthens and regulates the basic social relations in the field of legal status of citizens, civil society institutions, state organizations and government agencies.

Propaganda Activities of the Norwegian Authorities in the Crisis Situation of the Early 20th Century: Fridtjof Nansen and Sven Hedin

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7 (105)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Sadova
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
International Scientific Community ◽  
The Status ◽  
British Press ◽  
Private Matter ◽  
The Times ◽  
Sven Hedin ◽  
Unofficial Diplomacy

This article examines the process of including representatives of the scientific and academic circles of Norway and Sweden — famous travelers and researchers Fridtjof Nansen and Sven Hedin — in the political struggle and propaganda activities. In the 19th — early 20th centuries, the scientist became a media personality, whose international and national authority gives him a new status of a national hero, includes him in the political struggle. The status and fame of the Swedish and Norwegian travelers were almost equal, as well as their weight in the international scientific community. Thats why their figures were used by the authorities of Sweden and Norway in a polemical discussion on the pages of the British press in 1905, defending their own positions in the Swedish-Norwegian conflict. The main source is the publications of F. Nansen and S. Hedin in “The Times”. The purpose of this work is to analyze their articles, identify the main discussion topics and the argumentation used. As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that the publication activity of F. Nansen in the British press was essentially an unofficial diplomacy, the main task of which was to enlist the support of the British public and the authorities, to bring the Swedish-Norwegian contradictions from the status of a “private matter” to the international arena. Swedish propaganda, in fact, was defensive and exculpatory in nature, the main “trump card” of which was the factor of the “Russian threat”.

scholarly journals Czech-French political contacts in the early 1870s

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Igor Alekseevich Ksenofontov
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
The Status ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Czech Lands ◽  
First Time

The subject of this research is the political relations that developed between the Czech national politicians of Bohemia and the French diplomatic mission in Austria-Hungary in the early 1870s. Analysis is conducted on the initial stage of Czech political Francophilism. The article employs the historical-genetic method that allows tracing the establishment and development of the indicated ties. Comparative-historical method is used for describing the specificity and important aspects of the Czech-French contacts of the early 1870s in relation to 1860s, as well as on the background of parallel Czech-Russian relations. The novelty is defined by the fact that this topic, namely the Czech political Francophilism, has not been previously covered within the Russian historiography. The main conclusion lies in the thesis that in the early 1870s Czech politicians and French diplomats manifested equal and mutual interest for the first time. Both parties pursued to exert pressure on Vienna: the French – to entice over the Third Republic in the conflict with Prussia, and the Czechs – to force change the status of the Czech lands in the monarchy. The analysis demonstrates that the Czech politicians were exceedingly pragmatic: if in the end of 1870 they openly supported France, then in the beginning of 1871 they have ignored the initiatives of French diplomats. This is substantiated by the potentially successful negotiations with the imperial center. Moreover, the political Francophilism suggested the desire of the Czechs to show the strategic (economic, political, and cultural) significance of the lands of the Czech Crown not only in Austria-Hungary, but also in the European space.

scholarly journals Development of a remote tending system for analog broadcast transmitters

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1474
Author(s):  
Gerino Mappatao ◽  
Isaiah Mari Zebedia Bautista ◽  
Marc Kevin Orsos ◽  
Mark Aldrine Ribo ◽  
Joseph Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Power Amplifier ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Internet Connection ◽  
Record Data ◽  
The Status ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
The Times ◽  
And Control

<span>Whenever a broadcast transmitter is on-air, it is required to be tended by licensed broadcast technicians. Technicians periodically monitor the transmitter performance, record the supply voltage and current at the last stage of the power amplifier and keeps a copy for at least two years. Also recorded are the times the transmitter is turned ON and OFF as well as the times the transmitter shuts down and returns back to air. This paper proposes a system to remotely tend analog transmitters in one central monitoring station. The remote tending of several transmitters in one location is made possible through internet connection. However, the challenge in the proposed system is in the gathering of transmitter data. A prototype of the system was constructed and tested in an FM broadcast transmitter. Test results on the prototype performance show that the proposed system can effectively be used to remotely monitor, record data and control the status of analog broadcast transmitters. The primary feature of the proposed system of monitoring several transmitters in one location will bring cost effective advantages to the broadcast operators. </span>

scholarly journals Mediation in criminal proceedings

2021 ◽  
pp. 308-312
Author(s):  
P.D. Denisyuk
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
The Political ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Political Will ◽  
The Status ◽  
Scientific Reflection ◽  
Definition Of

Іn the article the author investigates the institute of mediation, which acquires its development not only in civil and commercial proceedings, but also in criminal proceedings and is a manifestation of the concept of restorative justice. As a confirmation of the relevance of the research topic, judicial statistics of consideration of materials of criminal proceedings on the basis of agreements by courts of first instance are given, which confirms the necessity and importance of such a legal institution.The norms of international normative legal acts, where the institute of mediation was embodied, are analyzed. Also are considered the main provisions on the application of agreements in the criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine. It was stated that mediation is possible within the framework of the conciliation agreement.The opinion is expressed that the application of the relevant legal institution in criminal proceedings will facilitate the adoption of a special law «Mediation» and analyzed the lawmaking in this area. The next step could be amending the criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine. Number of issues need to be clarified, including: what will be the status of a mediator in criminal proceedings (his rights and responsibilities, guarantees of independence, etc.); what is the procedural order of mediation; what is the procedural form of completion of the mediation procedure and some others.Particular attention is paid to the definition of a person who can be a mediator and his legal status in criminal proceedings. The positions of scientists who believe that mediators can be prosecutors, lawyers and psychologists are considered. The opinion was expressed regarding the acquisition of special education by such a person and the acquisition of relevant knowledge and skills.It is concluded that the punitive-repressive approach to counteracting the commission of crimes is not effective enough, so it is necessary to introduce mechanisms of alternative conflict resolution procedures, in particular, medi-ation. At the same time, implementation of mediation requires further scientific reflection and discussion, as well as the political will of the legislator to adopt the relevant law and amend the criminal procedure legislation.

scholarly journals Belarus in the Wake of a Revolution: Domestic and International Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aram Terzyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Repression ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
The Status

This paper explores the political landscape of Belarus in the aftermath of the 2020 presidential elections, with a focus on both domestic and international factors behind the ongoing crisis. Lukashenko’s regime has a long record of sustaining its power by preserving elite unity, controlling elections, and/or using force against opponents. Therefore, massive fraud characterizing the 2020 presidential elections and brutal suppression of peaceful protests in its aftermath came as no surprise. Against this backdrop, the anti-government protests following the presidential elections raised a series of unanswered questions regarding both their domestic and foreign policy implications. The biggest question is whether the Belarusian civil society and opposition will prove powerful enough to overcome state repression and change the status quo in Europe’s “last dictatorship”. Worries remain about the Belarusian opposition’s emphasis on foreign policy continuity, meaning that Belarus is bound to remain in the orbit of the Russian authoritarian influence. The total fiasco of post-Velvet Revolution Armenian government both in terms of domestic and foreign policies, among others, further reveals the excruciating difficulties of a democratic state-building within the Russia-led socio-political order.

THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S PROFESSION: ANKARA PROVINCIAL RESEARCH

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (44) ◽  
pp. 2243-2252
Author(s):  
Burcu DOĞAN ◽  
Erdem HĠLAL
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Accounting Profession ◽  
Accounting Scandals ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Independent Auditors ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Times ◽  
Status Of Women

In our country, the accoutancy profession gained legal status on 13 June 1989 with the law numbered 3568. For more than 30 years, the requirements of the profession have been shaped by the law numbered 3568 for the activities of the accounting profession to keep up with the times. The audit profession and accountants were questioned after the accounting scandals that shook the whole World in the 2000. After the scandals in the profession, necessary steps were taken for the advent of the profession in our country as well as in the Word. The aim of this study is to examine the changes in the number of people who prefer in the light of these developments in the profession. İn light of the developments in the World, as a result of the increasing importance of the independent auditor’s profession, it is to determine the number of female auditors who perform the financial consultancy and subsequently continue their activities as auditors. Working in Ankara is the reason for choosing not constitute a significant proportion of the total number of financial advisory and auditing profession in Turkey. İn this study revealed how less female independent auditors perform this profession compared to male professionals. For this purpose, Ankara were examined by determining the number of women in proportion to the number of auditors and independent auditors in Turkey are given.

scholarly journals 儒家之家庭倫理與生命倫理爭議: 回應恩格爾哈特教授幾點意見

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Shui Chuen LEE
Keyword(s):  
Filial Piety ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Culture War ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Traditional Medical Practice

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.In response to Engelhardt’s emphasis of the status of family in the bioethics and culture war, I would argue that Confucianism takes the family as the basic social ethical unit, which circumscribes not only the individual’s interpersonal responsibilities within the family, but also everyone’s social and political relations at large. Family is both the starting point and the end point of one’s life, hence we have responsibilities of filial piety to our parents and to nurture our children. Through mutual responsibilities, the family provides shelter, provisions, safety, loyalty, affection, and moral support for its members. Such an ethical family provides the best education and balanced character development for the child, which leads to a prosperous and fruitful life. Hence, it is more than just to give the family the legal status in a family member’s medical and bioethical decisions. Chinese traditional medical practice demands that physicians treat a patient and the patient’s family as relatives with great empathy and affection. The ideal is a Confucian doctor. Bioethical and medical decisions are determined within the family in a harmonious fashion and to the greatest benefit of the patient.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 153 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

scholarly journals Zadarska biskupija u okviru Splitske metropolije od 805. do 1154. godine

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Mladen Ančić
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Narrow Strip ◽  
Early Medieval Period ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Church Councils

The author discusses the impact of political relations on the definition of ecclesiastical jurisdiction areas and the status and development of the Zadar diocese from the 9th until the 12th century. The starting premise has been the fact that the territory of the Zadar diocese on the mainland was limited to the narrow strip of the city’s hinterland throughout the early medieval period. This situation can be inferred from the political and ecclesiastical situation in the broader Eastern Adriatic area during the 9th and early 10th centuries. The author emphasizes that the expansion of the jurisdiction area of Zadar’s bishop was initially obstructed by the organization of the Nin diocese, but also indicates the importance of the reform of ecclesiastical organization at the Church Councils of Split in 925 and 928. In this context, the article analyzes the circumstances that resulted in Zadar’s autonomy with regard to the Croatian ruler ever since the Treaty of Aachen in 812. This constellation led to the formation of a separate political entity, which the medieval sources call provintia Jadertina, with borders that coincided with those of the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of Zadar’s bishop. This situation has been compared to that of Split as fully incorporated in the territory of the Croatian rulers by the late 9th century, which turned out to be a crucial factor when defining the metropolitan see for the Croatian Kingdom. Integrating the city in the Croatian king’s system of governance and administration made it possible for the Archbishop of Split to extend his area of jurisdiction well into the hinterland. The similar position of Trogir resulted in the fact that, at the time when the Trogir diocese was established, the jurisdiction area of the new bishop likewise included a relatively broad hinterland area. The concluding remarks explain why the political changes in the second half of the 11th century could no longer change the long-established situation.

scholarly journals Regulacja statusu prawnego potrianońskiej diaspory zamieszkującej państwa ościenne jako istotny cel polityki zagranicznej Węgierskiego Forum Demokratycznego w latach 1990–1994

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Artur Jach-Chrząszcz
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Vital Goal ◽  
Proper Functioning ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Foreign Policies

Regulation of the legal status of the post-Trianon diaspora inhabiting neighboring countries as a vital goal of the Hungarian Democratic Forum foreign policies between 1990 and 1994 The political transformation that started at the end of the 80s required the newly elected governments of both Central and Eastern Europe to modify and – in some cases – even develop from scratch legal regulations allowing for a proper functioning of such countries in a completely new political reality. By starting with the presentation of the political Trianon discourse in the inter-war and people’s democracy periods, the author is going to analyze the attempts of the very first Hungarian government (led by the Hungarian Democratic Forum between 1990 and 1994) after the political transformation that aimed at regulating the legal status of diaspora living in countries neighboring with Hungary.

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