scholarly journals Strategies of English-Ukrainian and English-Arabic translations of fear metaphors: cognitive analysis

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Cognitive Operation ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Translation Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Grammatical Structures

This article reports results of a cognitive translation analysis of English-Ukrainian and English-Arabic translations of FEAR conceptual metaphors instantiated in linguistic expressions. The data includes 100 instantiations of FEAR conceptual metaphors, found in Steven King’s novels “Carrie”, “Lisey′s story”, “Petsematary” and their Ukrainian and Arabic translations. The research presupposed constructing conceptual models of FEAR metaphors used in the source and target texts and revealing cases of retention, substitution, omission and introduction of metaphors in the target texts. It also included finding correlations between similarity/difference of conceptual models and strategies of translating metaphors; establishing quantitative characteristics of the cognitive operations of retention, substitution, omission and introduction of metaphors in English-Ukrainian and English-Arabic translations. The results of the analysis show that the retention cognitive operation takes place in cases of similarity of conceptual metaphoric models in the source and target text linguacultures, which results in isomorphism of grammatical structures. The strategy that is chosen to translate such structures is neutral as to domestication or foreignization. Cognitive operations of substitution, omission and introduction of conceptual metaphors take place in cases of linguacultural differences, which creates translation problems. To solve such problems translators resort to domestication strategy. The results of the quantitative analysis reveal that contrary to English-Ukrainian translations where source metaphors are mostly retained, in English-Arabic translations they are mostly substituted. A relatively high percentage of retention is explained by the universality of the EMOTION IS THE INTERIOR OF A CONTAINER-EXPERIENCER conceptual model.

Maintaining Mappings between Conceptual Models and Relational Schemas

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan An ◽  
Xiaohua Hu ◽  
Il-Yeol Song
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Database Design ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
Relational Schemas ◽  
Engineering Approach ◽  
New Information ◽  
Relational Mapping

This paper describes a round-trip engineering approach for incrementally maintaining mappings between conceptual models and relational schemas. When either schema or conceptual model evolves to accommodate new information needs, the existing mapping must be maintained accordingly to continuously provide valid services. In this paper, the authors examine the mappings specifying “consistent” relationships between models. First, they define the consistency of a conceptual-relational mapping through “semantically compatible” instances. Next, the authors analyze the knowledge encoded in the standard database design process and develop round-trip algorithms for incrementally maintaining the consistency of conceptual-relational mappings under evolution. Finally, they conduct a set of comprehensive experiments. The results show that the proposed solution is efficient and provides significant benefits in comparison to the mapping reconstructing approach.

On constructional blocking of metonymies

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Brdar ◽  
Rita Brdar-Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry ◽  
Linguistic Structures ◽  
Grammatical Structures ◽  
Metaphor And Metonymy

Abstract The interaction between metonymy and grammar is commonly understood, in keeping with the classical cognitive linguistic doctrine about cognitive operations motivating linguistic structures, as unilateral – conceptual metaphor and metonymy shaping the grammatical system. However, we argue in this article that one of the possible corollaries of the Equipollence Hypothesis (Mairal & Ruiz de Mendoza, 2009; Ruiz de Mendoza & Luzondo Oyón, 2012) covers a truly bilateral interaction between grammatical structures and cognitive processes. The Equipollence Hypothesis is shown to allow for grammatical phenomena facilitating or constraining, i.e. blocking, the application of conceptual metonymies and their expressions across domains of linguistic inquiry. Specifically, we show in four case studies that grammatical constructions may actually pre-empt lexical (and grammatical) metonymy.

CONCEPTUAL BLENDING IN METAPHORS IN THE 2016 PRE-ELECTION CAMPAIGN

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 281-285
Author(s):  
Alzira Akhsianovna Minikeeva ◽  
Aida Gumerovna Sadykova ◽  
Edward Lazzerini
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Social World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Conceptual Integration ◽  
The Social ◽  
Teachers And Students

Purpose: The article examines metaphor as transferring features of the social world onto the other elements of reality, the 2016 pre-election campaign in particular; the theory of conceptual integration of J. Fauconnier and M. Turner is used to analyzing the metaphor. Methodology: As a material of the research, there were examined transcripts of the 2016 pre-election campaign debates for the presidential position of Donald Trump and Hilary Clinton. Result: The analysis reveals convergent and divergent features of metaphor in the pre-election campaign of Donald Trump and Hilary Clinton. Metaphor in D. Trump’s texts tends to focus on conceptual models ‘we’ and ‘they’ which is deduced with the help of quantitative analysis whereas in H. Clinton’s texts ‘divided nation’ model is mostly described through metaphor. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Conceptual Blending in Metaphors in the 2016 Pre-Election Campaign is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

scholarly journals Associative/Dissociative Cognitive Strategies in Sustained Physical Activity: Literature Review and Proposal for a Mindfulness-Based Conceptual Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Salmon ◽  
Scott Hanneman ◽  
Brandon Harwood
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sustained Performance

We reviewed and summarize the extant literature on associative/dissociative cognitive strategies used by athletes and others in circumstances necessitating periods of sustained attention. This review covers studies published since a prior publication by Masters and Ogles (1998), and, in keeping with their approach, offers a methodological critique of the literature. We conclude that the distinction between associative and dissociative strategies has outlived its usefulness since initially proposed in an earlier era of ground-breaking research by Morgan and Pollock (1977) that was influenced to some extent by psychodynamic thinking. In recent years there has been an evolutionary shift in concepts of sustained attention toward mindfulness—moment-by-moment attention—that has had a significant impact on conceptual models and clinical practice in diverse areas including stress management, psychotherapy, and athletic performance. We propose that future research on cognitive activity in sustained performance settings be embedded in a mindfulness-based conceptual model.

scholarly journals Cognitive pragmatics of American presidential debates: a case for economic metaphors

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Presidential Debates ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Discourse Strategies

This article focuses on cognitive-pragmatic properties of conceptual metaphors of ECONOMY in the 21st century American presidential campaigns. In this paper, we aim to elaborate the models of metaphoric conceptualization of ECONOMY, state their functions in terms of discourse strategies, and describe their impact on the opponents and the audience. This research is underpinned by conceptual metaphor theories and ideas of cognitive pragmatics, which postulates the unity of cognitive and communicative aspects of discourse. The benefits of this integrative cognitive-pragmatic approach are in the fact that it can consequently explicate the meaning of speaker’s message and the expected impact of their discourse on the audience. For this aim, we stress the persuasive and manipulative nature of American presidential debates as a mass-media mediated genre of political discourse. Adopting a cognitive-pragmatic perspective on presidential debates, we claim that conceptual metaphors of economy constitute time and ideology specific conceptual models; their dominant functions are persuasive, informative, and manipulative. In the discourse of the 21st century presidential debates, we distinguish seven leading models of conceptual metaphors of economy, common for both republican and democratic candidates. The choice of discourse strategies of debate participants depends upon the candidates’ intentions while their impact on the opponent and the audience is influenced by meta-communicative issues of candidates’ communicative behavior and (im)politeness strategies in particular. The 21st century presidential debates are characterized by the abundance of discourse strategies of aggression and impoliteness.

scholarly journals Introduction of Synesthetic Metaphors in English-Ukrainian Translations of Fiction

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Cognitive Operation ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Working Together ◽  
New Type ◽  
Touch Sensation ◽  
Domain Concept

Along with the cognitive operations of reconstruction, elimination and substitution of synesthetic metaphors, translational decisions are also based on the cognitive operation of introduction of synesthetic metaphor, which does not exist in the original. The aim of the article is to reveal and describe the cases of introduction of synesthetic metaphors, absent in the original, in the Ukrainian translations of the English text. Synesthetic metaphors are named so, because of the similarity with the phenomenon of synesthesia, which is studied in psychology as the deep interaction of sense organs, in which these organs are "working" together creating a new type of sensibility, named synesthesia. Special feature of such metaphors implies the fact that in contrast to the conceptual metaphors, in which basic domains are the background for the interpretation of the abstract domains, in synesthetic metaphors both source domain/concept and target domain/concept are basic ones, embedded directly into the bodily sensations. Understanding domain we follow R. Langacker, as a concept or conceptual complex of any degree complexity, containing background information, and helping to understand the meaning of the language unit, actualized in the discourse; in other words domains are the background knowledge (basis) for the distinguishing (profiling) of concepts. Domains are distinguished into basic and abstract. Conceptual metaphor we interpred following G. Lakoff, M. Johnsons and Z. Kovecses as the result of the cognitive operation of mapping or projecting, in which abstract conceptual structure (target domain/concept) is identified in terms of concrete (embedded in our bodily experience) mental structure (source domain/concept). Application of methodological tools of conceptual metaphor theory made it possible to reveal synesthetic metaphors, introduced in the translation, based on the following cognitive models: VISION is TOUCH (SENSATION of SHARP SURFACE), HEARING is TOUCH ( SENSATION of DRY/HOT/SOFT SURFACE). Application of operation of introduction of synesthetic metaphor model helps to reveal in translation communicative sense implied by the author of the original.

scholarly journals Conceptual Models of Nursing in Critical Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
João V. Vieira ◽  
Sérgio Deodato ◽  
Felismina Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Nursing Team ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Provision Of Care ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction. Intensive care units are systems organized for the provision of care to patients in critical situations. In general, it is suggested that intensive care consists of a multidisciplinary and interprofessional specialty. Nevertheless, the predominance, relative to the professions that incorporate these units, falls on nurses. A conceptual model of nursing provides a framework for reflection, observation, and interpretation of phenomena and, specifically, it provides guidelines and guidance for aspects of clinical practice. Objective. To understand the applicability of conceptual models of nursing in intensive care units. Method. Review of the literature following the Scoping Review protocol of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The research was performed in CINAHL, Cochrane, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify studies published prior to 2021. Fourteen studies were selected. Results. There is no conceptual model of nursing universally accepted as ideal for intensive care units. However, there is unanimity in the identification of several benefits associated with the application of a conceptual model of nursing in the care of critically ill patients. Conclusion. For the selection of a conceptual model of nursing for these contexts, the focus should be on the person and the choice should fall on the model that is most appropriate to the patient, and not on the philosophy that supports the model. Considering the nature of care, the nursing team can select a model or a combination of models.

scholarly journals Exploring the Soft System Methodology in Development of Knowledge Management Conceptual Model a Sytematic Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
Dana Indra Sensuse ◽  
Arfive Gandhi ◽  
Yudho Giri Sucahyo
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Soft System Methodology ◽  
Sequential Order ◽  
Current Implementation ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
System Methodology

Soft System Methodology (SSM) is common guidance to conceptualise Knowledge Management (KM) model since its benefit to handle complex situations. This study highlights SSM implementation on KM conceptual model using Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to produce insights about current implementation and promising chances in the future. This study also concerns on KM conceptual models as created without certain features in many case studies. Many various interpretation can arise to understand how system should work. This situation affected more spending time to validate KM conceptual model with stakeholders. Using SLR, this study criticises the importance of features as provided in eligible articles. Out of 144 articles from 2009 until 2019 as delivered from Scopus query, this study selected 12 articles about SSM on KM. It classified them into several criteria: published year, sector, and related KM life cycle. By mapping them to solve research questions, this study promoted actors, activities, and sequential order of activities as recommended features. By implementing them, KM conceptual model creation can be faster and accepted by stakeholders.

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