scholarly journals Potential of Bacillus subtilis for controlling bacterial leaf blight pathogen in rice

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S5) ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
K.S. Ku Asmah ◽  
Z. Sapak
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Disease Severity Index ◽  
Rice Plants

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) of rice is an economically important disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) throughout the world. To control this disease, bacterial isolate of Bacillus subtilis UiTMB1 was screened for the antagonistic activity against the pathogen in vitro and in vivo studies. A bacterial assay and detached leaf technique were used to evaluate the potential of the bacterium against BLB pathogen in the laboratory. Meanwhile, the glasshouse study was conducted to further examine the aptitudes of the isolate on the disease control and growth-promoting of rice plants. The findings revealed that B. subtilis UiTMB1 is able to control the disease and enhance the growth of rice plants. Rice plants treated with B. subtilis UiTMB1 before being inoculated with BLB pathogen showed less severe disease symptoms with low disease severity index of 3.43 compared to rice plants without B. subtilis UiTMB1 with high disease severity index of 8.4. Besides controlling the disease, B. subtilis UiTMB1 was also promoting plant height, chlorophyll content, number of tillers and biomass of rice plants.

EVALUATION OF NONIONIC SURFACTANTS FOR CONTROL OF CLUBROOT OF CABBAGE USING BAREROOT AND PLUG TRANSPLANTS OF TWO CULTIVARS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 607b-607
Author(s):  
W. Tietjen ◽  
P.J. Nitzsche ◽  
W.P. Cowgill ◽  
M.H. Maletta ◽  
S.A. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Disease Severity Index

`Market Prize' and `Bravo' cabbage (Brassica oleracea Var. capitata L.), transplanted as peat plug and bareroot plants into a field naturally infested with Plasmodiophora brassicae, Woronin, were treated immediately after planting with a liquid or a granular surfactant. APSA 80™, applied in transplant water, significantly reduced percent clubbing and disease severity index (DSI) compared to control treatments. Miller Soil Surfactant Granular™ did not significantly reduce percent clubbing or DSI. There was a significant effect of cultivar on percent clubbing and DSI. There was no significant effect of transplant type on percent clubbing or DSI. This year's study culminates five years of investigation of surfactants for clubroot control. Specific surfactants have proven to be an effective control of clubroot in cabbage. Chemical names used: nonylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (APSA 80™); alpha-alkanoic-hydro omega-hydroxy poly (oxyethylene) (Miller Soil Surfactant Granular™).

scholarly journals Ginger Essential Oils-Loaded Nanoemulsions: Potential Strategy to Manage Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease and Enhanced Rice Yield

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3902
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Adamu ◽  
Khairulmazmi Ahmad ◽  
Yasmeen Siddiqui ◽  
Intan Safinar Ismail ◽  
Norhayu Asib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Promising Alternative

The bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the most serious rice diseases, causing huge yield losses worldwide. Several technologies and approaches have been opted to reduce the damage; however, these have had limited success. Recently, scientists have been focusing their efforts on developing efficient and environmentally friendly nanobactericides for controlling bacterial diseases in rice fields. In the present study, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) were utilized to investigate the mode of actions of ginger EOs on the cell structure of Xoo. The ginger EOs caused the cells to grow abnormally, resulting in an irregular form with hollow layers, whereas the dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) treatment showed a typical rod shape for the Xoo cell. Ginger EOs restricted the growth and production of biofilms by reducing the number of biofilms generated as indicated by CLSM. Due to the instability, poor solubility, and durability of ginger EOs, a nanoemulsions approach was used, and a glasshouse trial was performed to assess their efficacy on BLB disease control. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the developed nanobactericides was promising at different concentration (50–125 µL/mL) tested. The efficacy was concentration-dependent. There was significant antibacterial activity recorded at higher concentrations. A glasshouse trial revealed that developed nanobactericides managed to suppress BLB disease severity effectively. Treatment at a concentration of 125 μL/mL was the best based on the suppression of disease severity index, AUDPC value, disease reduction (DR), and protection index (PI). Furthermore, findings on plant growth, physiological features, and yield parameters were significantly enhanced compared to the positive control treatment. In conclusion, the results indicated that ginger essential oils loaded-nanoemulsions are a promising alternative to synthetic antibiotics in suppressing Xoo growth, regulating the BLB disease, and enhancing rice yield under a glasshouse trial.

scholarly journals Safety Assessment of Bacillus subtilis MB40 for Use in Foods and Dietary Supplements

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 733
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Spears ◽  
Richard Kramer ◽  
Andrey I. Nikiforov ◽  
Marisa O. Rihner ◽  
Elizabeth A. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Strain Identification ◽  
Consumer Safety

With the growing popularity of probiotics in dietary supplements, foods, and beverages, it is important to substantiate not only the health benefits and efficacy of unique strains but also safety. In the interest of consumer safety and product transparency, strain identification should include whole-genome sequencing and safety assessment should include genotypic and phenotypic studies. Bacillus subtilis MB40, a unique strain marketed for use in dietary supplements, and food and beverage, was assessed for safety and tolerability across in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies. MB40 was assessed for the absence of undesirable genetic elements encoding toxins and mobile antibiotic resistance. Tolerability was assessed in both rats and healthy human volunteers. In silico and in vitro testing confirmed the absence of enterotoxin and mobile antibiotic resistance genes of safety concern to humans. In rats, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for MB40 after repeated oral administration for 14 days was determined to be 2000 mg/kg bw/day (equivalent to 3.7 × 1011 CFU/kg bw/day). In a 28 day human tolerability trial, 10 × 109 CFU/day of MB40 was well tolerated. Based on genome sequencing, strain characterization, screening for undesirable attributes and evidence of safety by appropriately designed safety evaluation studies in rats and humans, Bacillus subtilis MB40 does not pose any human health concerns under the conditions tested.

scholarly journals Summer Heat and Low Soil Organic Matter Influence Severity of Hazelnut Cytospora Canker

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Ram Lamichhane ◽  
Alfredo Fabi ◽  
Leonardo Varvaro
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Disease Severity Index ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Summer Heat ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Cytospora Canker

Cytospora canker, caused by the fungus Cytospora corylicola, is present in hazelnut production areas worldwide. The disease is widespread throughout the main production areas of Italy. The causal agent is considered to be a secondary invader of damaged tissue that attacks mainly stressed plants. However, little is known of disease severity and stress factors that predispose plants to infection. In particular, the role of pedoclimatic factors was investigated. Direct survey indicated that disease severity varied across several study sites. Geostatistics showed a strong positive correlation between disease severity index and summer heat (r = 0.80 and 0.91 for July and August, respectively) and strong negative correlation between disease severity index and soil organic matter (r = –0.78). A moderate positive correlation between disease severity index and magnesium/potassium ratio (r = 0.58) and moderate negative correlations between disease severity index and total soil nitrogen (r = –0.53), thermal shock (r = –0.46), and rainfall (r = –0.53) were determined. No significant correlation between disease severity index and soil aluminum (r = –0.35), soil pH (r = –0.01), and plant age (r = –0.38) was found.

scholarly journals Activity of extracellular compounds of Pseudomonas sp. against Xanthomonas axonopodis in vitro and bacterial leaf blight in eucalyptus

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucilene P. Lopes ◽  
Admiltom G. Oliveira Jr ◽  
Jamile P.O. Beranger ◽  
Cíntia G. Góis ◽  
Fernanda C.S. Vasconcellos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Xanthomonas Axonopodis

scholarly journals The relationship between SPAD chlorophyll and disease severity index in Ganoderma-infected oil palm seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R.M. Rakib ◽  
A.H. Borhan ◽  
A.N. Jawahir
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Wood Block ◽  
Disease Severity Index ◽  
The Relationship

Establishment of disease in oil palm seedlings through artificial inoculation of Ganoderma are widely used for studies of various aspects of plant pathology, including epidemiology, etiology, disease resistance, host-parasite interaction and disease control. The estimation of chlorophyll content in the infected seedlings possibly could provide a good indicator for degree of disease or infection, and changes during pathogenesis. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between disease severity index (DSI) and chlorophyll content in Ganoderma infected oil palm seedlings. Three-month-old oil palm seedlings were infected with Ganoderma inoculum on rubber wood block (RWB), where 44 isolates of Ganoderma were tested. Disease severity index (DSI) and chlorophyll content using a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) meter were recorded at 4 weeks interval for a period of 24 weeks after inoculation (WAI). Pearson's correlation analysis and regression analysis were performed to evaluate the relationship between the variables. It was found that the relationship between DSI and SPAD chlorophyll value was inversely proportional (R = -0.92) in a linear trend (R2 = 0.85). Furthermore, the increasing trend of the DSI across the weeks were fitted in a quadratic model (R2 = 0.99). In contrast, the SPAD chlorophyll value declined in a linear trend (R2 = 0.98). The SPAD chlorophyll value could be considered as a better alternative over the DSI as the SPAD chlorophyll value was strongly related to DSI, as well as able to detect physiological changes in the infected oil palm seedlings at the early stages of pathogenesis. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(3): 355–358, 2019

scholarly journals Field efficacy of formulation of fungal bioagents against bacterial leaf blight of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Uyeda and Ishiyama) Dowson

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokil Prasad Gangwar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Kharif Season ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Different Sources

In the present study, Trichoderma harzianum, T. hamatum, T. virens and three isolates of Trichoderma spp. were evaluated for their comparative efficacy against bacterial leaf blight of rice, under field conditions. All the bioagent formulations were significantly effective in reducing disease severity over check during Kharif season 2006 and 2007. T. harzianum was found to be most effective and resulted 48.26 and 59.22 % reduction in disease severity during Kharif season 2006 and 2007, respectively. Maximum increase in grain yield (16.21%) was recorded with T. harzianum followed by isolate 40 (14.58%), during Kharif season 2006. Whereas during Kharif season 2007, maximum increase in grain yield (18.95%) was recorded with T. harzianum which is followed by T. virens (14.65%) and isolate 40 (12.57 %). Present study revealed that T. harzianum (isolated from rice phylloplane) was found to be most effective in reducing disease severity and increasing grain yield as compared to other isolates obtained from different sources.

scholarly journals On forecasting of bacterial leaf blight of rice plants by using natural phage

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Norisato GAMO ◽  
Takayuki YAMAGUCHI ◽  
Sadao KIMURA
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Natural Phage

scholarly journals Pendugaan Intensitas Serangan Penyakit BLB (Bacterial Leaf Blight) pada Tanaman Padi melalui Pendekatan Citra Multispektral

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Gusti Bagus Eka Chandra ◽  
I Made Anom S. Wijaya ◽  
Yohanes Setiyo
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Multispectral Image ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Multispectral Images ◽  
Multispectral Imagery ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Red Edge ◽  
Disease Attack

ABSTRAK Penyakit Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) merupakan salah satu penyakit yang berbahaya bagi tanaman padi. Penyakit ini bisa menyerang di setiap fase pertumbuhan. Perhitungan intensitas serangan penyakit BLB saat ini masih dilakukan secara manual. Diperlukan pengembangan teknologi dalam pendugaan intensitas serangan penyakit BLB melalui citra multispektral. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) untuk mendapatkan nilai korelasi terbaik antara intensitas serangan penyakit BLB dengan parameter citra multispektral (2) Untuk mendapatkan persamaan pendugaan intensitas serangan penyakit BLB berdasarkan pendekatan citra multispektral. Drone DJI Inspire 1 dengan kamera multispektral digunakan untuk menangkap gambar petak padi. Pengolahan data citra multispektral menggunakan Agisoft Photoscan dan software QGIS 3.8. Berdasarkan dari hasil akuisisi, citra multispektral menghasilkan citra band red, NIR, green, red edge, RGB yang kemudian diolah menjadi transformasi citra NDVI, EVI, dan NDRE. Dari ketiga parameter citra multispektral, nilai NDVI memiliki tingkat korelasi yang lebih kuat dengan koefisien determinasi sebesar 97,5% dan menghasilkan persamaan linier sebagai berikut y = -419,6 + 169,3. Dalam perhitungan nilai eror parameter NDVI memilikinilai eror paling rendah dibandingkan parameter EVI dan NDRE yaitu sebesar 4,64% dengan akurasi pendugaan 95,36%. Citra multispektral dapat digunakan dalam pendugaan intensitas serangan penyakit BLB pada tanaman padi karena menghasilkan nilai korelasi yang sangat kuat, dan akurasi pendugaan yang tinggi dengan nilai eror yang rendah tidak melebihi 10%. ABSTRACT  Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) is a disease that is dangerous for rice plants. This disease can attack in every phase of growth. Calculation of BLB disease attack intensity is currently still used manually method. Technology development is needed in estimating the intensity of BLB disease through multispectral imagery. This study aims (1) to get the best correlation value between the intensity of BLB disease attack with multispectral image parameters (2) to get the equation for estimating the intensity of BLB based on multispectral images parameter. Drone DJI Inspire 1 with a multispectral camera is used to captured the paddy field. The captured images was processed using Agisoft Photoscan and QGIS 3.8 software. Based on the results of the acquisition, multispectral images produce red, NIR, green, red edge, RGB band images which were then transformed into NDVI, EVI, and NDRE images. Of the three multispectral image parameters, NDVI values ??have a stronger correlation level with a determination coefficient of 97.5% and produce the following linear equation y = -419.6 + 169.3. In calculating the NDVI parameter error value has the lowest error value compared to the EVI and NDRE parameters which is 4.64% with an accuracy estimate of 95.36%. Multispectral imagery can be used in estimating the intensity of BLB disease attacks in rice plants because it produces a very strong correlation value, and high estimation accuracy with a low error value does not exceed 10%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document