scholarly journals Tourism Distribution Channels in the Northern Tourist Circuit of Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Peter Judca Mkumbo
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Mountain Climbing ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Channel Structures

<p>This study investigates the structure of tourism distribution channels in the northern tourist circuit of Tanzania. It explores factors influencing channel structures and also examines operational characteristics of the channels. It is a destination-based study that takes a supply-side approach. The study is based on in-depth interviews with different businesses across tourism sector at the destination. The northern tourist circuit is the heart of tourism industry in Tanzania; it is a core in a peripheral country. Tourists in the northern tourist circuit are primarily attracted by mountain climbing adventures, photographic and hunting safaris. Putting together different activities involved in a safari or adventure product requires the presence of ground tour operators. The former have links with all the suppliers at the destination and are the most knowledgeable about the destination among channel members in the destination. There is a complex relationship among channel members in the northern tourist circuit which partly contributes to the complexity of the distribution channels used. The majority of tourists who visit northern tourist circuit book their holidays through overseas agents; a few purchase directly from the suppliers. The majority of those who shop through overseas agents are package or customized tourists while most independent travellers buy their holidays directly, often making multiple purchases. Ground tour operators in Kenya are important channel members as well. This is because a significant number of tourists who visit the northern tourist circuit come through Kenya and ground tour operators there pass them down to their counterparts in Tanzania. Hunting tourists access the destinations through professional hunters, either directly or through overseas marketing agents. Secondary activities like cultural tourism rely more on "at destination" distribution as their drawing power is less than wildlife resources and adventure attractions. Factors which influence the structure of distribution in the northern tourist circuit include size of the business, nature of the attraction, tourists' preference, distance from market to destination, lack of capital and marketing knowledge. Channel performance is based on two main criteria: volume of clients the channel produces and the profit generated from the channel. Indirect channels produce more clients while direct channels are observed to generate more profit per client than indirect channels. Information technology is mainly used for creating awareness and communications. All the businesses interviewed have websites for those purposes.</p>

scholarly journals Tourism Distribution Channels in the Northern Tourist Circuit of Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Peter Judca Mkumbo
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Mountain Climbing ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Channel Structures

<p>This study investigates the structure of tourism distribution channels in the northern tourist circuit of Tanzania. It explores factors influencing channel structures and also examines operational characteristics of the channels. It is a destination-based study that takes a supply-side approach. The study is based on in-depth interviews with different businesses across tourism sector at the destination. The northern tourist circuit is the heart of tourism industry in Tanzania; it is a core in a peripheral country. Tourists in the northern tourist circuit are primarily attracted by mountain climbing adventures, photographic and hunting safaris. Putting together different activities involved in a safari or adventure product requires the presence of ground tour operators. The former have links with all the suppliers at the destination and are the most knowledgeable about the destination among channel members in the destination. There is a complex relationship among channel members in the northern tourist circuit which partly contributes to the complexity of the distribution channels used. The majority of tourists who visit northern tourist circuit book their holidays through overseas agents; a few purchase directly from the suppliers. The majority of those who shop through overseas agents are package or customized tourists while most independent travellers buy their holidays directly, often making multiple purchases. Ground tour operators in Kenya are important channel members as well. This is because a significant number of tourists who visit the northern tourist circuit come through Kenya and ground tour operators there pass them down to their counterparts in Tanzania. Hunting tourists access the destinations through professional hunters, either directly or through overseas marketing agents. Secondary activities like cultural tourism rely more on "at destination" distribution as their drawing power is less than wildlife resources and adventure attractions. Factors which influence the structure of distribution in the northern tourist circuit include size of the business, nature of the attraction, tourists' preference, distance from market to destination, lack of capital and marketing knowledge. Channel performance is based on two main criteria: volume of clients the channel produces and the profit generated from the channel. Indirect channels produce more clients while direct channels are observed to generate more profit per client than indirect channels. Information technology is mainly used for creating awareness and communications. All the businesses interviewed have websites for those purposes.</p>

scholarly journals Distribution Channels for Wine Tourism in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ying Liu
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Corporate Groups ◽  
Wine Tourism ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Direct Distribution

<p>This study examines the structure of the distribution channels and the underlying factors influencing the most prominent channel choices within the wine tourism industry in New Zealand. This research specifically compares wine tourism in Marlborough and Auckland. It aims to provide a better understanding of the distribution channels for practitioners in the wine tourism industry, with the hope of assisting them to develop their wine tourism businesses successfully and manage the businesses growth effectively. This is a destination-based study performed by employing qualitative approaches focusing on the supply-side through semi-structured interviews. These in-depth interviews were conducted with the owners or managers of the local wine tour operators and wineries in the two regions. The findings generally show that wine tourism businesses place a clear priority on direct distribution of their wine tourism product to visitors “at destination”; the majority of customers of all these businesses are independent visitors. Specifically, overseas independent tourists comprise the largest portion of customers to local wine tour operators in Marlborough and Auckland. The wine tour operators work more actively with intermediaries and reach tourists “in market”, “while travelling” and “at destination” than wineries in these two regions. Marlborough wineries and Auckland wine tour operators and wineries receive domestic corporate groups, most of whom are approached “at destination” with direct distribution. Compared with wineries in Marlborough, more corporate groups use Auckland wine tour operators to visit wineries. Marlborough wineries and wine tour operators, and Auckland wine tour operators receive more international visitors, whereas the majority of visitors to Auckland wineries are from Auckland. When considering the function of wine tourism distribution channels, information provision, reservation and purchase are nearly equally important to local wine tour operators in both Marlborough and Auckland; the most widely used functions for Marlborough wineries is information provision; for Auckland wineries, information provision and purchase play significant roles in the distribution of wine tourism product. Factors influencing distribution channel choice include information provision cost, commissions, businesses’ attitudes towards tourism, perceptions of the Internet, service diversity, capacity, accessibility, availability, market segments, reputation and nature of intermediaries.</p>

scholarly journals Governance and regulation of the tourism industry: An internet marketing perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Marcia Mmashakoane Lebambo ◽  
Richard Shambare ◽  
Muzikayise Matlala ◽  
Rui Costa Mousinho
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Internet Marketing ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Barriers To Adoption ◽  
Tourist Town ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Bed And Breakfast ◽  
Depth Interviews

The purpose of this qualitative study is to establish governance and regulation issues pertaining to Internet marketing approaches within the South African tourism sector. The study focuses on the norms and practices of Internet marketing among small-scale lodging establishments in Bushbuckridge – a small tourist town in northeast South Africa. In-depth interviews were collected from eight participating bed and breakfast (B&B) owners. Findings revealed that, while Internet awareness was quite high, only a few B&Bs utilised the Internet for marketing. Participants cited lack of clear industry guidelines on Internet marketing approaches as well as limited Internet experience, among others, as barriers to adoption. Implications and recommendations of the study are presented within the ambit of the existing literature.

scholarly journals Generational approaches to climate change with special regard to tourism and recreational habits - Results of a Hungarian survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornél Németh ◽  
Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai ◽  
András Vincze ◽  
Nikoletta Tóth-Kaszás ◽  
Erzsébet Péter
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Special Regard ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Perceived Effects ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract Although the issue of the coronavirus pandemic has temporarily overridden discussions on the impacts of climate change on tourism, they have not lost their relevance at all. The exposure of the tourism industry to these effects is indisputable. This study, conducted in 2019–2020, examined the perceptible impacts of climate change that generate further changes, and the issue of climate adaptation involving certain supply-side players in the tourism sector at the local and regional levels. In the questionnaire used to explore the topic, questions were asked about a number of perceptible phenomena and their effects on everyday life, recreational habits, and adaptation. The quantitative surveys involved 1,615 respondents from the Transdanubian region of Hungary (NUTS1/HU2). The results of the research clearly confirm that the problem of climate change is no longer a concern only for scientists, and although the different generations perceive and evaluate the phenomenon differently in many cases, it increasingly affects people’s everyday lives and recreational habits. The perceived effects experienced by the respondents clearly influence the enjoyment of certain tourism product groups (beach holidays, hiking, attending open-air events) and the comfort and satisfaction experienced by individuals.

Resilience against the COVID-19 pandemic: is the hotel and tourism supply chain on the right path?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaditya Jain ◽  
Saket Shanker ◽  
Akhilesh Barve
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Critical Success Factors ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Tourism Supply Chain

PurposeThe hotel and tourism industry forms a crucial economic sector for all the economies around the world. However, it suffered the worst hit during the COVID-19 outbreak. Considering the hotel and tourism sector's critical situation, this manuscript aims to emphasise the importance of resilience in the hotel and tourism supply chain (HTSC) and explores the crucial barriers that tend to disturb the inculcation of stability in the hotel and tourism sector. The present research analyses the factors influencing the hotel and tourism sector's resilience and also takes into consideration the various critical success factors (CSFs) needed to build a resilient HTSC.Design/methodology/approachA two-phase research approach has been proposed and used in this study. In the first phase, eight CSFs and sixteen factors influencing the hotel and tourism sector's resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic were identified. The basis of the identification of the CSFs and factors was literature and inputs received from experts. In the second phase, the grey-Entropy-EDAS, a qualitative and quantitative analysis, was used to analyse the identified CSFs and factors to determine the priority of concern.FindingsIn this research, the most imperative facet influencing the hotel and tourism sector's resilience has been identified, and the findings will assist hotel and tourism sector in managing and mitigating the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis of the results indicates that out of all the critical success factors, supply chain visibility is the most crucial aspect in building HTSC's resilience, whereas economic catastrophe is the most influential factor. Sensitivity analysis is also conducted to examine the priority ranking stability.Practical implicationsThe results of this study can be used by the hotel supply chain managers and policymakers to plan for various challenges faced by them as they try to implement resilience-based strategies in their supply chain.Originality/valueThis research is unique as it analyses the general factors hindering the pathway of resilience in the hotel and tourism supply chain. This is also the first kind of study that has used grey-Entropy to analyse the critical success factors and grey-EDAS for analysing the impact of various factors influencing the hotel and tourism sector's resilience.

The evolution of film tourism in Spain. A comparative analysis from the supply-side perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena M Rodríguez-Campo ◽  
José Antonio Fraiz-Brea ◽  
Noelia Araújo-Vila
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Destination Marketing ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Film Festivals ◽  
Autonomous Community ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Product Creation ◽  
Depth Interviews

In recent years, the Destinations Marketing Organizations (DMOs) have started to include in their destination-marketing plans, as a product creation and image promotion, the films that are being shot in their territories. Two studies were conducted in the present research: First, at the International Cultural Tourism Trade Fair, in-depth interviews were conducted with autonomous community government managers in Spain. The results revealed that the use of film tourism was mainly used because of its economic benefits, high-spending tourists and as an optimum promotion tool aimed at target markets.In the second study, the evolution of film tourism in Spain in the nine years since, we analysed Spanish destination websites using content analysis. The results show an exponential increase in the use of the cinema on the part of the territories: 94.12% of the destinations have film commissions, 82.35% film festivals, 35.29% film tours, and 17.65%, movie maps.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON THE CULTURAL TOURISM OF THE CHINESE TOURISTS IN JAPAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Xiaowen Liu ◽  
Wenzhen Shi ◽  
Takashi Kondoh
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
Japanese Economy ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Chinese Tourists ◽  
The Subject

The Japanese tourism industry is becoming an important pillar of the Japanese economy. To increase the number of Chinese visitors to Japan, emphasizing the charm of the Japanese culture will be key. Promoting “cultural tourism” as the main reason for Chinese tourists to take vacation trips to Japan will be a major factor in helping Japan reach its international tourism goals by 2020 and beyond.Earlier studies on cultural tourism have offered several conclusions, but few have addressed the subject of cultural tourism as it relates to Chinese visitors to Japan. There appears to be little existing research on Japanese tourism from the perspective of cultural exploration. In most studies on Chinese visitors to Japan, the focus is primarily on economics and policies; very few studies address “cultural tourism.”So in this study, we attempt to expand our understanding of “cultural tourism” among Chinese tourists coming to Japan by identifying factors influencing tourism from a cultural point of view. We conducted a questionnaire survey of Chinese tourists who visited Japan. Before analyzing using multiple regression analysis, we analyzed In order to grasp the visiting factors of Chinese tourists.Based on the results of the survey described here. It was established that increasing numbers of Chinese tourists now visit Japan to pursue “cultural tourism.” The specific elements of this cultural tourism were identified. 

scholarly journals Pengembangan Pariwisata di Kampung Naga, Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Shifa Paramitha ◽  
Gde Indra Bhaskara
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews

Culture has an important role in the tourism industry as one of the factors that attract tourists to visit tourist attractions. One of the cultural tourism areas in West Java is Kampung Naga in Tasikmalaya Regency. Tourism has begun in this traditional village since the 1970s, but its development can be said to be slow because many tourism principles are considered not following customary rules. Unique even though tourism development is not recognized by the community, but continues to run and also benefits the community. This study uses a qualitative method that aims to identify the development of tourism in Kampung Naga. The types of data used are quantitative data and qualitative data with data collection carried out by observation, in-depth interviews, and documentaries. The data analysis used is qualitative descriptive analysis with an inductive approach. The results of this study show that the development of tourism in Kampung Naga has reached the second stage in the theory of the tourism area life cycle. Besides, there are community organizations that in charge of tourism issues in Kampung Naga, namely the Association of Indonesian Guides. Meanwhile, there are two Regional Organizations that have authority in Kampung Naga, which are the Tourism, Youth and Sports Departement and the Education Departement. The obstacle in developing tourism in Kampung Naga is a conflict between the government and local communities regarding regulations that are not obeying the customary rules in Kampung Naga. Keyword: tourism development, cultural tourism, traditional village, development obstacle, tourism area life cycle

scholarly journals Distribution Channels for Wine Tourism in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ying Liu
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Corporate Groups ◽  
Wine Tourism ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Direct Distribution

<p>This study examines the structure of the distribution channels and the underlying factors influencing the most prominent channel choices within the wine tourism industry in New Zealand. This research specifically compares wine tourism in Marlborough and Auckland. It aims to provide a better understanding of the distribution channels for practitioners in the wine tourism industry, with the hope of assisting them to develop their wine tourism businesses successfully and manage the businesses growth effectively. This is a destination-based study performed by employing qualitative approaches focusing on the supply-side through semi-structured interviews. These in-depth interviews were conducted with the owners or managers of the local wine tour operators and wineries in the two regions. The findings generally show that wine tourism businesses place a clear priority on direct distribution of their wine tourism product to visitors “at destination”; the majority of customers of all these businesses are independent visitors. Specifically, overseas independent tourists comprise the largest portion of customers to local wine tour operators in Marlborough and Auckland. The wine tour operators work more actively with intermediaries and reach tourists “in market”, “while travelling” and “at destination” than wineries in these two regions. Marlborough wineries and Auckland wine tour operators and wineries receive domestic corporate groups, most of whom are approached “at destination” with direct distribution. Compared with wineries in Marlborough, more corporate groups use Auckland wine tour operators to visit wineries. Marlborough wineries and wine tour operators, and Auckland wine tour operators receive more international visitors, whereas the majority of visitors to Auckland wineries are from Auckland. When considering the function of wine tourism distribution channels, information provision, reservation and purchase are nearly equally important to local wine tour operators in both Marlborough and Auckland; the most widely used functions for Marlborough wineries is information provision; for Auckland wineries, information provision and purchase play significant roles in the distribution of wine tourism product. Factors influencing distribution channel choice include information provision cost, commissions, businesses’ attitudes towards tourism, perceptions of the Internet, service diversity, capacity, accessibility, availability, market segments, reputation and nature of intermediaries.</p>

scholarly journals Pengembangan Desa Wisata di Kawasan Agrowisata: Perspektif Teori Strukturasi

2020 ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Kusuma Astuti ◽  
Ismi Dwi Astuti Nurhaeni ◽  
Andre Noevi Rahmanto
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Structuration Theory ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Village ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Special Region

The second largest foreign exchange earner from the tourism sector. The tourism sector in Indonesia grown by 25.68% in recent years. Very much different from the growth of the tourism industry in Southeast Asia that only 7%, as well as the growth of the world tourism industry which is only 6%. Opportunities in the tourism sector are quite prospective, in addition to being one of the producers of economic growth, the tourism sector is expected to encourage the growth of other sectors, such as the plantation, agriculture, trade, industry and others. This study was analyzed using structuration theory that aims to find out how the communication made by agents in the development of Pulesari Tourism Village, Turi District, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a case study approach. Research data obtained from field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study explain how the structuring process that takes place through the rural tourism program can improve the village economy, and have an impact on increasing the income of its people by increasing employment opportunities. Keywords: Structuration, Agro-tourism Development, Tourism Village

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