scholarly journals The Isolation and Identification of α-Glucosidase and Lipase Inhibitors from Samoan Plant Extracts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Julian Wong Soon
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Female Population ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Obesity Treatments ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

<p>There is a growth in the problems relating to diabetes and obesity within the Pacific region. A recent study found that nearly 20% of the Samoan population suffer from type 2 diabetes. The same study found that rates of obesity are correspondingly high, at 53% of the male population and almost 77% of the female population. Healthcare costs are high, and so this study was initiated to focus specifically on an economical, available and socially acceptable way of introducing anti-diabetic and anti-obesity treatments. Inspired by ethnobotanical interests relating to the unknown potential of plants within the Pacific Island region, a set of five Samoan plants were selected for evaluation of their potential to provide leads for anti-diabetic or anti-obesity treatments. The work presented here was carried out in collaboration with the Scientific Research Organisation of Samoa (SROS) which collected plant samples and provided the extracts used for the present study.  This study focused on the biological activity of the five selected Samoan plant extracts; Myristica fatua, Barringtonia samoensis, Barringtonia asiatica, Annona muricata and Neisosperma oppositifolia against pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The enzyme bioassays were optimised and used to validate and identify potential anti-diabetic and anti-obesity treatments from compounds isolated and identified from the samples using LC-MS/MS and NMR spectroscopy.  Two main fractions were carried forward for further fractionation and in vitro bioassay screening; one against lipase and the other against α- glucosidase. The known compound threo-dihydroguaiaretic acid was identified and isolated from Myristica fatua having the most potent lipase inhibition whereas a mixture of compounds containing alkaloids and the compound nirathin was obtained from Neisosperma oppositifolia in a fraction that exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibition. The kinetic modelling of both fractions were used to identify threo-dihydroguaiaretic acid having a mixed inhibition and the compound mixture inhibiting α-glucosidase competitively.</p>

scholarly journals The Isolation and Identification of α-Glucosidase and Lipase Inhibitors from Samoan Plant Extracts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Julian Wong Soon
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Female Population ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Obesity Treatments ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

<p>There is a growth in the problems relating to diabetes and obesity within the Pacific region. A recent study found that nearly 20% of the Samoan population suffer from type 2 diabetes. The same study found that rates of obesity are correspondingly high, at 53% of the male population and almost 77% of the female population. Healthcare costs are high, and so this study was initiated to focus specifically on an economical, available and socially acceptable way of introducing anti-diabetic and anti-obesity treatments. Inspired by ethnobotanical interests relating to the unknown potential of plants within the Pacific Island region, a set of five Samoan plants were selected for evaluation of their potential to provide leads for anti-diabetic or anti-obesity treatments. The work presented here was carried out in collaboration with the Scientific Research Organisation of Samoa (SROS) which collected plant samples and provided the extracts used for the present study.  This study focused on the biological activity of the five selected Samoan plant extracts; Myristica fatua, Barringtonia samoensis, Barringtonia asiatica, Annona muricata and Neisosperma oppositifolia against pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The enzyme bioassays were optimised and used to validate and identify potential anti-diabetic and anti-obesity treatments from compounds isolated and identified from the samples using LC-MS/MS and NMR spectroscopy.  Two main fractions were carried forward for further fractionation and in vitro bioassay screening; one against lipase and the other against α- glucosidase. The known compound threo-dihydroguaiaretic acid was identified and isolated from Myristica fatua having the most potent lipase inhibition whereas a mixture of compounds containing alkaloids and the compound nirathin was obtained from Neisosperma oppositifolia in a fraction that exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibition. The kinetic modelling of both fractions were used to identify threo-dihydroguaiaretic acid having a mixed inhibition and the compound mixture inhibiting α-glucosidase competitively.</p>

Evaluation of Rubus grandifolius L. (wild blackberries) activities targeting management of type-2 diabetes and obesity using in vitro models

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vítor Spínola ◽  
Joana Pinto ◽  
Eulogio J. Llorent-Martínez ◽  
Helena Tomás ◽  
Paula C. Castilho
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

scholarly journals Epigenetics and maternal nutrition: nature v. nurture

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Epigenetic Gene Regulation ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Under- and over-nutrition during pregnancy has been linked to the later development of diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Epigenetic modifications may be one mechanism by which exposure to an altered intrauterine milieu or metabolic perturbation may influence the phenotype of the organism much later in life. Epigenetic modifications of the genome provide a mechanism that allows the stable propagation of gene expression from one generation of cells to the next. This review highlights our current knowledge of epigenetic gene regulation and the evidence that chromatin remodelling and histone modifications play key roles in adipogenesis and the development of obesity. Epigenetic modifications affecting processes important to glucose regulation and insulin secretion have been described in the pancreatic β-cells and muscle of the intrauterine growth-retarded offspring, characteristics essential to the pathophysiology of type-2 diabetes. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression contributes to both adipocyte determination and differentiation in in vitro models. The contributions of histone acetylation, histone methylation and DNA methylation to the process of adipogenesis in vivo remain to be evaluated.

scholarly journals Vitamin D, adipose tissue, and obesity

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Marcotorchino ◽  
Franck Tourniaire ◽  
Jean-François Landrier
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

AbstractEpidemiological studies have shown a link between vitamin D deficiency and numerous pathologies such as cancers, immunity diseases, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Recent studies in vitro and in animal models demonstrated an impact of vitamin D on adipose tissue and adipocyte biology. Such observations are of particular interest and provide mechanistic explanations on the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and obesity.

In vitro Studies on Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus from Prosopis juliflora, Cassia occidentalis and Tephrosia purpurea

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-390
Author(s):  
Aishwarya A. Andhare ◽  
Ravindra S. Shinde
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cassia Occidentalis ◽  
Tephrosia Purpurea

Background: The resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to commonly used antibiotics is linked to their ability to acquire and disseminate antimicrobial-resistant determinants in nature. This study determined the antibiotic sensitivity profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk samples of mastitic and healthy dairy cattle. Isolation and Identification of S. aureus was done by Marphological and Biochemical characters. Methods: The primary purpose of this study was to determine Antibiotic Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus by using extracts of Prosopis juliflora, Cassia occidentalis and Tephrosia purpurea. Antimicrobial properties of plant extracts were analyzed by determining Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Antibiogram pattern of the isolated Staphylococcus aureus was observed to be Susceptible, Intermediate and Slight resistant by Prosopis juliflora, Tephrosia purpurea and Cassia occidentalis respectively. Result: From the results, it has been indicated that the extracts of Tephrosia purpurea, Prosopis juliflora and Cassia occidentalis are having potential to use in the management of Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: Further phytochemical analysis is required to identify the active components of plant extracts showing antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Citrus × Clementina Hort. Juice Enriched with Its By-Products (Peels and Leaves): Chemical Composition, In Vitro Bioactivity, and Impact of Processing

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariarosaria Leporini ◽  
Monica Rosa Loizzo ◽  
Vincenzo Sicari ◽  
Teresa Maria Pellicanò ◽  
Antonella Reitano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Citrus Clementina ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Functional Drink ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
By Products

This work investigated a model for the reuse of Citrus × clementina Hort. by-products for the development of a functional drink able to exert antioxidant, hypoglycaemic, and hypolipidemic effects. Juice obtained from fruits collected in three different areas of Calabria (Italy) was analysed. C. × clementina juice from Corigliano Calabro (JF), characterized by the highest content of bioactive compounds and bioactivity, was chosen as a matrix to be enrichment with hydroalcoholic ultrasound-assisted maceration of C. × clementina leaf from Corigliano Calabro (CO2) and ethanol ultrasound-assisted maceration of C. × clementina peel from Cetraro (BC3) extracts at different concentrations. The highest phytochemical content and bioactivities were found in juice enriched with leaf and leaf + peel extracts, with particular reference to antioxidant activity. In order to estimate the effects of pasteurization, 20% (mg/100 mL) enriched juice was subjected to this process. Based on obtained data of bioactivity and sensorial analysis, C. × clementina by-products could be proposed as a promising source of bioactive compounds useful for the formulation of a functional drink for preventing diseases associated with oxidative stress such as type 2 diabetes and obesity.

scholarly journals Assessing the In Vitro Inhibitory Effects on Key Enzymes Linked to Type-2 Diabetes and Obesity and Protein Glycation by Phenolic Compounds of Lauraceae Plant Species Endemic to the Laurisilva Forest

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2023
Author(s):  
Vítor Spínola ◽  
Paula C. Castilho
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Protein Glycation ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Key Enzymes ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
First Time ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Methanolic leaf extracts of four Lauraceae species endemic to Laurisilva forest (Apollonias barbujana, Laurus novocanariensis, Ocotea foetens and Persea indica) were investigated for the first time for their potential to inhibit key enzymes linked to type-2 diabetes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, aldose reductase) and obesity (pancreatic lipase), and protein glycation. Lauraceae extracts revealed significant inhibitory activities in all assays, altough with different ability between species. In general, P. indica showed the most promissing results. In the protein glycation assay, all analysed extracts displayed a stronger effect than a reference compound: aminoguanidine (AMG). The in vitro anti-diabetic, anti-obesity and anti-glycation activities of analysed extracts showed correlation with their flavonols and flavan-3-ols (in particular, proanthocyanins) contents. These Lauraceae species have the capacity to assist in adjuvant therapy of type-2 diabetes and associated complications, through modulation of the activity of key metabolic enzymes and prevention of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Adiponectin on Periodontal Ligament Cells under Normal and Regenerative Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Nokhbehsaim ◽  
Sema Keser ◽  
Andressa Vilas Boas Nogueira ◽  
Joni Augusto Cirelli ◽  
Søren Jepsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Enamel Matrix Derivative ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Type 2 diabetes and obesity are increasing worldwide and linked to periodontitis, a chronic disease which is characterized by the irreversible destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues, that is, periodontium. The mechanisms underlying the association of diabetes mellitus and obesity with periodontal destruction and compromised periodontal healing are not well understood, but decreased plasma levels of adiponectin, as found in diabetic and obese individuals, might be a critical mechanistic link. The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the effects of adiponectin on periodontal ligament (PDL) cells under normal and regenerative conditions, and to study the regulation of adiponectin and its receptors in these cells. Adiponectin stimulated significantly the expression of growth factors and extracellular matrix, proliferation, and in vitro wound healing, reduced significantly the constitutive tumor necrosis factor-αexpression, and caused a significant upregulation of its own expression. The beneficial actions of enamel matrix derivative on a number of PDL cell functions critical for periodontal regeneration were partially enhanced by adiponectin. The periodontopathogenPorphyromonas gingivalisinhibited the adiponectin expression and stimulated the expression of its receptors. In conclusion, reduced levels of adiponectin, as found in type 2 diabetes and obesity, may compromise periodontal health and healing.

scholarly journals Obesity and Low-Grade Inflammation Increase Plasma Follistatin-Like 3 in Humans

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Brandt ◽  
Maria Pedersen ◽  
Anders Rinnov ◽  
Anne S. Andreasen ◽  
Kirsten Møller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Background. Rodent models suggest that follistatin-like 3 (fstl3) is associated with diabetes and obesity. In humans, plasma fstl3 is reduced with gestational diabetes.In vitro, TNF-αinduces fstl3 secretion, which suggests a link to inflammation.Objective. To elucidate the association between plasma fstl3 and obesity, insulin resistance, and low-grade inflammation in humans.Study Design. Plasma fstl3 levels were determined in a cross-sectional study including three groups: patients with type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, and healthy controls. In addition, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), TNF-α, or interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp were used to examine if plasma fstl3 was acutely regulated in humans.Results. Plasma fstl3 was increased in obese subjects independent of glycemic state. Moreover, plasma fstl3 was positively correlated with fat mass, plasma leptin, fasting insulin, and HOMA B and negatively with HOMA S. Furthermore plasma fstl3 correlated positively with plasma TNF-αand IL-6 levels. Infusion of LPS and TNF-α, but not IL-6 and insulin, increased plasma fstl3 in humans.Conclusion. Plasma fstl3 is increased in obese subjects and associated with fat mass and low-grade inflammation. Furthermore, TNF-αincreased plasma fstl3, suggesting that TNF-αis one of the inflammatory drivers of increased systemic levels of fstl3.

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