scholarly journals Effect of Periodontal Serial Therapy Combined with Orthodontics on Periodontal Parameters in Patients with Periodontitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Bai
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Initial Visit ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Masticatory Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Periodontal Attachment Loss ◽  
Normal Status

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of periodontal sequence in combination with orthodontic treatment of patients with periodontitis. Methods: Retrospective analysis of periodontitis patients (54 cases) treated at our hospital between February 2018 and June 2019. The clinical data of all the enrolled participants were subjected to periodontal serial combined orthodontic treatment, and all the registered participants were observed at the initial consultation, periodontal serial treatment1 Periodontal parameters at the end of months and at the end of orthodontic treatment, serial periodontal treatment and orthodontic treatment for all enrolled individuals, x-rays and Oral examinations were performed, and the results were analyzed. Results: Compared to the initial visit, all enrolled individuals had a higher plaque index (PLI) after 1 month of periodontal treatment and at the end of orthodontic treatment. Bleeding index (BI), periodontal probe depth (PD), and periodontal attachment loss (CAL) levels were all lower than those detected at the initial visit. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); after serial periodontal treatment and orthodontic treatment, the x-ray results showed that the patients' Alveolar bone resorption or regeneration ceased; The results of the oral examination showed that the patient's occlusal relationship improved significantly and basically returned to normal. Status, a masticatory function was significantly improved, and individual tooth loosening due to occlusal trauma was improved considerably. Conclusion: The combination of periodontal sequence and orthodontic treatment of patients with periodontitis is beneficial to enhance periodontal parameters, improve occlusal relationships, and improve masticatory function.

Magnetic Structure of Multilayers from Soft-X-Ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism

1994 ◽  
Vol 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Chen ◽  
Y. U. Idzerda ◽  
C.-C. Kao ◽  
L. H. Tjeng ◽  
H.-J. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Circular Dichroism ◽  
Magnetic Circular Dichroism ◽  
Magnetic Thin Films ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm

AbstractSoft-x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) is the difference between the absorptivity or reflectivity of left and right circularly polarized soft-x-rays at the magnetically interesting L2,3- edges of 3d transition metals or the M4,5-edges of the 4f rare earth elements. Thanks to its large absorption cross-section and strong MCD effect, this technique has become a powerful new means for probing, in an element- and site-specific manner, the magnetic properties of ultra-thin films and multilayers. Soft-x-ray MCD experiments, recently conducted at the Dragon beamline, are utilized to demonstrate the recent progress in this technique and its applications in the research of magnetic thin films.

scholarly journals The sensitivity of atomic analysis by X-rays

1932 ◽  
Vol 135 (828) ◽  
pp. 637-656 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Target Material ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Constituent Element ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Atomic Analysis

In a previous paper it was shown that 0·0007 per cent, of 29 Cu and 0·0003 per cent, of 26 Fe could be detected in 30 Zn by atomic analysis by X-ray spectroscopy. This sensitivity is greater than that which was claimed by Noddack, Tacke, and Berg, who set the limit at about 0·1 per cent, for non-metals, and by Hevesy, who stated it to be about 0·01 per cent, for an element present in an alloy. It was later suggested by Hevesy that the high value of the sensitivity which we found might result from the fact that some of the alloys we had used were composed of elements of almost equal atomic number, and that the sensitivity would be smaller for a constituent of low atomic number mixed with a major constituent of high atomic number. To elucidate these disagreements we have made further observations of the sensitivity with elements of different atomic number and have investigated the conditions which can influence the sensitivity. The Factors Determining Sensitivity . The detection of one element in a mixture of elements depends upon the identification of its K or L lines in the general spectrum emitted by the mixture under examination. The intensity with which these lines are excited in the target (“excited intensity”) is proportional to the number of atoms of the constituent element excited, i. e ., to its concentration and to the volume of the target in which the cathode ray energy is absorbed. The depth of penetration of the cathode rays is determined by the density of the target material and by their velocity ( i. e ., by the voltage applied to the X-ray tube). Schonland has shown that the range of homogeneous cathode rays in different elements, expressed as a mass per unit area, is approximately constant and is independent of the atomic number of the absorbing element. When their velocity is increased, the cathode rays will penetrate to a greater depth, and therefore a greater number of atoms of all constituents will be ionised. This will increase the “excited intensity” of the lines due to the particular constituent sought equally with those lines of the other elements present. The intensity of a line further depends upon the difference between the voltage applied to the X-ray tube and that necessary to excite the series. For these reasons, a high applied voltage is required for a high sensitivity.

scholarly journals A Method to Optimize the Electron Spectrum for Simulating Thermo-Mechanical Response to X-ray Radiation

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Xianwen Ran ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Wenhui Tang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Spectrum ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Linear Least Squares ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Relativistic Electron Beams ◽  
Transport Code ◽  
The Difference

The X-ray pulse originating from high altitude nuclear detonation (HAND) is mainly soft X-ray and its intensity is high enough to gasify the penetrated material and then lead to the severe thermo-mechanical deformation of unpenetrated material from the gasified blow-off effect. This effect cannot be directly reproduced in a lab for the lack of the X-ray source like HAND. At present, the low-energy relativistic electron beams resulting from an electron accelerator are usually used to approximately reproduce this effect, but the difference in the energy-deposited profile in materials between the electron and X-ray cannot be eliminated. In this paper, the symmetric linear least squares method was used to optimize the electron spectrum, and the general Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code calculations showed the optimized spectrum can produce the same energy-deposited profile in aluminum, copper, and tantalum with the soft X-rays like 1 keV or 3 keV spectrums. This indicates that it is possible to simulate the severe thermo-mechanical deformation resulting from HAND using the optimized electron spectrums.

Destruction of C2H4O2 isomers in ice-phase by X-rays: Implication on the abundance of acetic acid and methyl formate in the interstellar medium

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (S332) ◽  
pp. 418-424
Author(s):  
Marina G. Rachid ◽  
K. Faquine ◽  
S. Pilling
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Methyl Formate ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Formation Cross Section ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synchrotron Light ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Astrophysical Ices

AbstractC2H4O2 isomers, methyl formate (HCOOCH3), acetic acid (CH3COOH) and glycoaldehyde (HOCH2CHO), have been detected in a lot of sources in ISM. However, their abundances are very different, with methyl formate much more abundant than the other two isomers. This fact may be related to the different destruction by ionizing radiation of these molecules. The goal of this work is experimentally study the photodissociation processes of methyl formate and acetic acid ices when exposed to broadband soft X-ray from 6 up to 2000 eV. The experiments were performed coupled to the SGM beamline in the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source (LNLS/CNPEM) at Campinas, Brazil. The simulated astrophysical ices (12K) were monitored throughout the experiment using infrared vibrational spectroscopy. The analysis of processed ices allowed the determination of the effective destruction cross sections of the parent molecules as well as the effective formation cross section of daughter molecular species. The relative abundance between acetic acid and methyl formate (NCH3COOH/NHCOOCH3) in different astronomical scenarios and their column density evolution in the presence of X-rays were calculated and our results suggests that such radiation field can be one of the factors that explain the difference in the isomers C2H4O2 abundances. We also quantified the daugther species after the establishment of a chemical equilibrium in the samples.

scholarly journals Influence of Layer Removal Methods in Residual Stress Profiling of a Shot Peened Steel Using X-Ray Diffraction

2014 ◽  
Vol 996 ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasha Alkaisee ◽  
Ru Lin Peng
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Chemical Etching ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Diffraction Measurement ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
The Difference

For X-Ray Diffraction Measurement of Depth Profiles of Residual Stress, Step-Wise Removal of Materials has to be Done to Expose the Underneath Layers to the X-Rays. this Paper Investigates the Influence of Layer Removal Methods, Including Electro-Polishing in Two Different Electrolytes and Chemical Etching, on the Accuracy of Residual Stress Measurement. Measurements on Two Shot-Peened Steels Revealed Large Discrepancy in Subsurface Distributions of Residual Stress Obtained with the Respective Methods. Especially, the Chemical Etching Yielded much Lower Subsurface Compressive Stresses than the Electro-Polishing Using a so Called AII Electrolyte. the Difference was Explained by the Influence of the Different Layer Removal Methods on the Microscopic Roughness.

scholarly journals Kinerja Metode CNN untuk Klasifikasi Pneumonia dengan Variasi Ukuran Citra Input

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Budi Nugroho ◽  
Eva Yulia Puspaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Extreme Learning Machine ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Input Image ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Image Size ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Learning Machine

<p class="Abstrak">Saat ini banyak dikembangkan proses pendeteksian pneumonia berdasarkan citra paru-paru dari hasil foto rontgen (x-ray), sebagaimana juga dilakukan pada penelitian ini. Metode yang digunakan adalah <em>Convolutional Neural Network</em> (CNN) dengan arsitektur yang berbeda dengan sejumlah penelitian sebelumnya. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga memodifikasi model CNN dimana metode <em>Extreme Learning Machine</em> (ELM) digunakan pada bagian klasifikasi, yang kemudian disebut CNN-ELM. Dataset untuk uji coba menggunakan kumpulan citra paru-paru hasil foto rontgen pada Kaggle yang terdiri atas 1.583 citra normal dan 4.237 citra pneumonia. Citra asal pada dataset kaggle ini bervariasi, tetapi hampir semua diatas ukuran 1000x1000 piksel. Ukuran citra yang besar ini dapat membuat pemrosesan klasifikasi kurang efektif, sehingga mesin CNN biasanya memodifikasi ukuran citra menjadi lebih kecil. Pada penelitian ini, pengujian dilakukan dengan variasi ukuran citra input, untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja mesin pengklasifikasi. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa ukuran citra input berpengaruh besar terhadap kinerja klasifikasi pneumonia, baik klasifikasi yang menggunakan metode CNN maupun CNN-ELM. Pada ukuran citra input 200x200, metode CNN dan CNN-ELM menunjukkan kinerja paling tinggi. Jika kinerja kedua metode itu dibandingkan, maka Metode CNN-ELM menunjukkan kinerja yang lebih baik daripada CNN pada semua skenario uji coba. Pada kondisi kinerja paling tinggi, selisih akurasi antara metode CNN-ELM dan CNN mencapai 8,81% dan selisih F1 Score mencapai 0,0729. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi penting bahwa ukuran citra input memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap kinerja klasifikasi pneumonia, baik klasifikasi menggunakan metode CNN maupun CNN-ELM. Selain itu, pada semua ukuran citra input yang digunakan untuk proses klasifikasi, metode CNN-ELM menunjukkan kinerja yang lebih baik daripada metode CNN.</p><p class="Abstrak"> </p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Abstract"><em>This research developed a pneumonia detection machine based on the lungs' images from X-rays (x-rays). The method used is the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a different architecture from some previous research. Also, the CNN model is modified, where the classification process uses the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), which is then called the CNN-ELM method. The empirical experiments dataset used a collection of lung x-ray images on Kaggle consisting of 1,583 normal images and 4,237 pneumonia images. The original image's size on the Kaggle dataset varies, but almost all of the images are more than 1000x1000 pixels. For classification processing to be more effective, CNN machines usually use reduced-size images. In this research, experiments were carried out with various input image sizes to determine the effect on the classifier's performance. The experimental results show that the input images' size has a significant effect on the classification performance of pneumonia, both the CNN and CNN-ELM classification methods. At the 200x200 input image size, the CNN and CNN-ELM methods showed the highest performance. If the two methods' performance is compared, then the CNN-ELM Method shows better performance than CNN in all test scenarios. The difference in accuracy between the CNN-ELM and CNN methods reaches 8.81% at the highest performance conditions, and the difference in F1-Score reaches 0.0729. This research provides important information that the size of the input image has a major influence on the classification performance of pneumonia, both classification using the CNN and CNN-ELM methods. Also, on all input image sizes used for the classification process, the CNN-ELM method shows better performance than the CNN method.</em></p>

scholarly journals Abdominal pain and two x-rays: spot the difference

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. e95-e95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Rajković ◽  
D Papeš ◽  
S Altarac ◽  
N Arslani
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Artery Embolism ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bilioenteric Fistula ◽  
The Right

We present two patients with air found in the right upper quadrant on standard abdominal x-ray. One was diagnosed with pneumobilia and underwent elective surgery for a bilioenteric fistula. The other was diagnosed with portal vein gas and underwent an emergency exploratory laparotomy at which a superior mesenteric artery embolism was found. The differential diagnostic criteria for pneumobilia and portal vein gas are described. If portal venous gas is found on x-ray in patients with abdominal pain, it is recommended that management is aggressive, meaning an emergency exploratory laparotomy, because mortality in such cases is approximately 75%.

Isotope effects in solution small-angle X-ray scattering

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Light Water ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ray Scattering

While the difference between using heavy and light water as solvents for small-angle neutron scattering experiments is well known, the lesser difference for the case of small-angle X-ray scattering with these same isotopes of water has, as yet, not been reported. This difference for the case of X-rays is discussed and quantified for several familiar materials: polystyrene latexes, proteins and lipids.

Outcome of periodontal–orthodontic treatment in subjects with periodontal disease. Part II: a CBCT study of alveolar bone level changes

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eglė Zasčiurinskienė ◽  
Henrik Lund ◽  
Rune Lindsten ◽  
Henrik Jansson ◽  
Krister Bjerklin
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bone Level ◽  
Maxillary Incisors

Abstract Aim To examine alveolar bone level (ABL) changes before (T1) and after (T2) orthodontic treatment (OT) in subjects with periodontal disease. Methods The study included 50 subjects with periodontal disease. All patients received subgingival debridement following baseline examination. Control group patients received final periodontal treatment before the start of OT. For the test group patients final periodontal treatment was performed simultaneous to OT. OT was performed with a straight-wire appliance. Micro-implants or temporary crowns on implants were used for posterior anchorage when needed. ABL measurements of 3821 tooth surfaces were performed on cone beam computed tomography images. Results No difference was observed between mean ABL at T1 and T2. ABL remained unchanged on 69 per cent of surfaces. A mean of 15.6 (SD 7.4) per cent of surfaces experienced ABL gain, and a mean of 15.1 (SD 7.5) per cent was found with ABL loss. Small significant median ABL difference was observed on mesial and distal surfaces (P < 0.001). A significant difference was found between median ABL changes on mesial/distal in comparison to buccal/lingual surfaces (P < 0.01). Significantly more buccal (17.9 %) and lingual (18.5 %) surfaces experienced ABL loss when compared with mesial (11.3 %) and distal (12.0 %) surfaces (P < 0.001). Significant difference was found in the median ABL change of intruded (0.5 (IQR 0.94) mm) and non-intruded (−0.4 (IQR 1.07) mm) maxillary incisors (P = 0.04). Significant median ABL gain was found on the lingual surface of maxillary incisors, which were retroclined more than 8.6 degree and intruded more than 1.6 mm. Conclusions ABL changes after periodontal–orthodontic treatment in patients with periodontal disease were small. ABL gain was more observed on mesial and distal surfaces and ABL loss on buccal and lingual surfaces. Larger orthodontic movements of maxillary incisors influenced ABL gain.

Extrapleural Apical Fluid Collection: An Important Sign on Plain X-ray Suggesting a Pre-ganglionic Brachial Plexus Injury

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. MCCAUL ◽  
H. SHARMA ◽  
T. E. HEMS
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Brachial Plexus Injury ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Rib ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Important Sign ◽  
The Difference

Forty of 136 consecutive patients referred for management of brachial plexus injuries had closed supraclavicular injuries. The results of the initial chest X-rays were available for 29 patients. Nine had avulsion of the C8 and T1 nerve roots from the spinal cord. Eight cases had MR confirmation of lower root avulsion, six of these cases were confirmed surgically and none had any long-term clinical recovery. Twenty had partial brachial plexus injuries without avulsion of these roots. Seven of nine patients with avulsion of C8 and T1 had an extrapleural apical fluid collection. One of these had a fractured first rib. Two of 20 without avulsion had an extrapleural apical fluid collection. Both had fractured the first rib. The difference in incidence of extrapleural apical fluid collection between the two groups, excluding those cases with first rib fractures, was statistically significant. Without a first rib fracture, an ipsilateral extrapleural apical haematoma on a plain chest X-ray of patients with brachial plexus injury strongly suggests pre-ganglionic injury to the lower roots.

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