scholarly journals Decrease Level Of Candida Albicans in Children with The Practice of “Pure Honey” Oral Hygiene

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Dera Alfiyanti ◽  
Titi Nur Hidayanti
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Post Test

Background: Oral hygiene is an act of cleansing the entire area of the mouth, including teeth and gums to avoid infection. Purpose of hygiene to reduce dental plaque, reduce risk of oral cavity, eliminate tooth decay, gum, improve comfort in child.. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of oral hygiene using 30% pure honey to the number of candida albicans in hospitalized children. Method: This study was a quasy experiment pre and post test with control group design. The data were analyzed with paired t-test dan independent paired samples t-test. The population of this study was all hospitalized children. The sample size is determined by purposive sampling technique, with a sample size of 20 (10 children were intervention group, 10 children were control group). Result: Mean number of candida pre test  of 38.90 CFU / ml and post test A total of 27.40 CFU / ml. The result of statistical test of separate parametric test in pairs of t-test p value of 0.001 (α = 0,05), so it can be concluded that there is oral hygiene effect using 30% pure honey to number of candida albicans child's mouth. Discussion: Hospitalized children were high risk population of nosocomial infection. There were many source of secondary infection such as infection by candida albicans. The recommendation of this research is that all children treated in hospital are done orally hygiene by using 30% pure honey

scholarly journals Efektivitas Mendengarkan Murotal Al-Qur’an terhadap Derajat Insomnia pada Lansia di Selter Dongkelsari Sleman Yogyakarta

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Fatma Siti Fatimah ◽  
Zulkhah Noor
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Relaxation Effect ◽  
Psychological Problem ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Traumatic Effect

<p>Merapi eruption in 2010 in Yogyakarta caused people losing their homes and triggering traumatic effect. Elderly is one of victims that vulnerable to psychological problem. The common psychological late respons due to disaster is insomnia. The impacts of insomnia are decrease the level of immunity, increase mortality and decrease quality of life, thus it needs to be solved. One of the solution is by listening murotal Al-Qur’an that will give relaxation effect. The study was aimed to know the effectiveness of listening murotal Al-Qur’an to the changing of elderly insomnia level in shelter Dongkelsari, Sleman, Yogyakarta.The design of study was a quasy experimental pre post test with control group. Technique of taking sample was probability sampling and it was found that there were 37 elderly who live in shelter Dongkelsari Sleman Yogyakarta that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Research instrument which was used to measure insomnia level is KSPBJ questionnaire rating scale and to listen for murotal Al-Qur’an (Ar-Rahmaan) was used laptop and speaker. The duration of listening murotal Al-Qur’an was 8 days with 12 minutes for each day. Data analysis was used paired samples t test and independent samples t test. The level of insomnia for control group pre test and post test is in moderate insomnia by the mean ± SD each of them is 9.3 ± 3.7 and 10.3 ± 3.4 (p&gt;0.05) and for intervention group there was a changing from moderate insomnia to mild insomnia by the mean ± SD each of them is 10.9 ± 3.6 and 8.2 ± 4.2 (p&lt;0.05). There was a significant differences between the intervention group and control group by the mean ± SD each of them is -2.8 ± 3.0 and 0.9 ± 3.5 (p&lt;0.05). In conclusion, listening murotal Al-Qur’an was effective to reduce elderly insomnia level in shelter Dongkelsari Sleman Yogyakarta.</p>

scholarly journals The Effect of the Implementation of the Education on the Knowledge and Status of Dental Cleanliness in Elderly in Darul Imarah Aceh Besar District, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (F) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Intan Liana ◽  
Arnela Nur ◽  
Anwar Arbi ◽  
Andriani Andriani ◽  
Sisca Mardelita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
A Value ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental

BACKGROUND: Oral health problems are ones that must be considered by the elderly. Dental and oral health in the elderly is essential and closely related to general health. Overcoming this problem needs necessary to optimize the elderly’s ability to maintain dental and oral hygiene by providing information and skills. AIM: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of self-empowerment-based education packages on knowledge and oral hygiene of the elderly in the Darul Imarah district of Aceh Besar. METHODS: This study’s design was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest design with control group design. This research is located in the village of Darul Imarah District, Aceh Besar. A sample of 80 older adults who were divided into two groups. Each group numbered 40 people. The criteria for this sampling were inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis used univariable, bivariable, and multivariate using paired samples test and independent t-test. RESULTS: The results showed a difference in mean knowledge from post-test I to post-test II (P = 0.002). The results of the multivariate analysis of the knowledge, attitude, and behavior variables on the maintenance of dental and oral hygiene had a significant effect on the periodontal health status of pre-elderly (p = 0.001). The statistical test results showed that there was an effect of self-empowerment-based education on the knowledge of the elderly, p = 0.001. The results showed that there was no difference in knowledge in the control group in the post-test I and post-test 2 with a value of p = 0.72, and there was a difference in knowledge in the intervention group in the post-test I and post-test 2 with a value of p = 0.002. There were differences in dental and oral hygiene in the control group, and there were differences in dental and oral hygiene after being given the intervention with a value of p = 0.003. CONCLUSION: There is a significant effect of providing a self-empowerment-based education package to the elderly on the level of knowledge and oral hygiene status of the elderly in Darul Imarah District, Aceh Besar (p <0.05).

scholarly journals Pengaruh Intervensi Kognitif Spiritual Terhadap Penerimaan Diri Pada Klien Stroke Iskemik

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Novita Setyowati ◽  
Uswatun Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Post Test

Hemiparese is a common problem that can caused disability. Exercise is still considered effective to prevent disability. This study is aimed to increased the muscle strength on hemiparese patient's muscle strength caused by ischemic stroke in RSUD Gambiran Kota Kediri. This study used Quasi Experiment pre and post test research designs. Number of samples were 9 respondents who were divided into intervention group and control group. Evaluation research was done on the first day and eigth day for the two groups. Data were analyzed Paired T test and Independent T Test. Study results showed an increased in muscle strength (p =0.000) in both the intervention groups and there are significant differences between the two groups (p = 0009), which means there is a difference between the control group treatment group. The implication of this research are to use exercise as one of the independent nursing interventions in caring stroke patients with hemiparase and to improve the quality of nursing care, makes healing process faster, prevent complications dan also enrich nursing science.;Keywords: stroke; hemiparese; Spiritual intervention on cognitive; Self acceptance.

scholarly journals Edukasi Meningkatkan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu dalam Pencegahan Kejang Demam Berulang

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Jayanti Dwi Puspitasari ◽  
Nani Nurhaeni ◽  
Allenidekania Allenidekania
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
T Test ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Paired T Test

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Kejang demam yang terjadi berulang akan mengakibatkan efek yang buruk bagi anak, terutama untuk kecerdasan dan perkembangan otak. Salah satu cara untuk mencegah kejang demam berulang adalah dengan memberikan edukasi kesehatan kepada ibu. Edukasi kesehatan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu, sehingga sikap ibu akan berubah kearah positif. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap ibu dalam pencegahan kejang demam berulang. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah Quasi Experiment dengan teknik pre test and post test nonequevalent control group pada 58 responden (kelompok intervensi=29 dan kelompok kontrol=29). Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner A, B, C dan media audiovisual. Responden adalah ibu yang memiliki balita pernah mengalami kejang demam dan pernah dirawat di rumah sakit. Kelompok intervensi diberikan edukasi kesehatan tentang pencegahan kejang demam berulang dengan media video, sedangkan kelompok kontrol tidak diberikan intervensi. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis bivariat dengan uji paired t-test dan independent t-test dan multivariate dengan MANCOVA. Hasil: ada pengaruh edukasi kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan (p=0,001) dan sikap (p=0,001). Kesimpulan: Edukasi dapat dimasukkan ke dalam rencana asuhan keperawatan ketika anak pertama kali dirawat di rumah sakit karena kejang demam, karena terbukti dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu sehingga ibu dapat mengambil sikap yang positif untuk pencegahan terjadinya kejang demam berulang.Kata kunci: edukasi kesehatan, pengetahuan, sikap, kejang, demamThe Effect of Health Education on Knowledge and Attitude of Mothers in Preventing the Recurrent Febrile Seizures Abstract The Recurrent Febrile Seizures (RFS) could affect the children intelligence and their brain development. Health education is one of the ways in order to prevent the RFS. By providing health education among mothers, it might increase their knowledge and could lead to a positive attitude in preventing the RFS. Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the effect of health education on knowledge and attitude of mothers in preventing the RFS among hospitalized children. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-test nonequivalent control group with total sample was 58 respondents (intervention group, n=29, and control group, n=29). The instruments used in this study were questionnaire A, B, C and audiovisual media. Respondents in this determination are mothers who have children who have experienced febrile seizures and have been hospitalized. The video guidelines on RFS prevention was performed in the intervention group, while there was no intervention performed in the control group.Data was analysed with univariate (paired t-test and unpaired t-test) and multivariate with MANCOVA. Result: There was a significant effect of health education on knowledge (p=0.001), and attitude (p=0.001). Conclusion: Health education should be included in the nursing care plan when the children with RFS were admitted to the hospital.Keywords: Health education, knowledge, attitude, febrile, seizures

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION INTERVENTION WITH MUSIC AND AROMATHERAPY ON DECREASING STRESS LEVEL AMONG TEACHERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Claudia Fariday Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Level ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Progressive Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Introduction: Stress among teachers has a significant relationship with the psychosomatic and depressive symptoms. Community nurses need to make efforts in preventing the adverse effects of stress on teachers. Progressive muscle relaxation with music and aromatherapy is an alternative intervention which can be practiced to reduce the level of stress among teachers. This study aimed to investigate the effects of progressive muscle relaxation which was combined with music and aromatherapy on decreasing the level of stress in teachers.Methods:This study employed a pre-post test quasi-experimental design with a control group. The samples were 46 teachers recruited by purposive sampling and were assigned to the intervention group (n=23) and the control group (n=23). The intervention of progressive muscle relaxation with music and aromatherapy was given to the intervention group for four sessions in four days; each session lasted for 20 minutes. The data were analyzed using the t-test to know the effects of the intervention on decreasing the stress level.Results:The results showed that the average level of stress of the teachers in the intervention group decreased from 50.65 ± 3.761 to 32.78 ± 8.426 after the intervention. Meanwhile, in the control group, the average stress level slightly decreased from 49.87 ± 3.348 to 49.17 ± 4.868. The result of the t-test obtained a p-value of 0.000 (<0.,05), indicating that there were significant differences in the stress levels between the intervention and the control group.Conclusion:Progressive muscle relaxation with music and aromatherapy could reduce the level of stress in school teachers. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the school teachers perform this relaxation therapy to decrease the stress level. The teachers could practice the therapy by the help of training from the community nurses.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Field Massage sebagai Terapi Adjuvan terhadap Kadar Bilirubin Serum Bayi Hiperbilirubinemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novi Novianti ◽  
Henny Suzana Mediani ◽  
Ikeu Nurhidayah
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Bilirubin Level ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Serum Bilirubin Level ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Post Test

Hiperbilirubinemia merupakan komplikasi yang sering terjadi pada masa neonatal. Terapi modalitas dibutuhkan karena fototerapi sebagai prosedur penatalaksanaan hiperbilirubinemia di rumah sakit berpotensi menimbulkan efek samping. Field massage sebagai terapi adjuvan, diduga dapat meningkatkan ekskresi bilirubin selama bayi mendapat fototerapi. Namun, penelitian field massage sebelumnya baru melaporkan penurunan kadar bilirubin diduga seiring meningkatnya frekuensi buang air besar sebagai efek massage. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh field massage sebagai adjuvan terhadap kadar bilirubin serum bayi hiperbilirubinemia yang menjalani fototerapi. Desain penelitian menggunakan kuasi eksperimen dengan non equivalen pre test-post test design with control group.Sampel diambil secara consecutive terbagi menjadi kelompok intervensi (16 responden) dan kelompok kontrol (16 responden). Data dianalisis menggunakan Dependen T-Test, Independen T-Test, dan Analysis of Covarians. Hasil menunjukkan rata-rata kadar bilirubin serum setelah intervensi pada kelompok intervensi (8,09+1,21) sedangkan kelompok kontrol (10,05+2,17). Penurunan rata-rata kadar bilirubin serum kelompok intervensi (7,20+1,59), sedangkan kelompok kontrol (4,64+1,25), antara kedua kelompok terdapat perbedaan penurunan yang bermakna (p=0,001). Kontribusi variabel confounding tidak berpengaruh terhadap penurunan rata-rata kadar bilirubin serum, setelah dikontrol variabel confounding pada kelompok intervensi memiliki nilai bersih (7,23+0,37), kelompok kontrol memiliki nilai bersih (4,61+0,37). Kesimpulan didapatkan field massage sebagai terapi adjuvan dapat menurunkan kadar bilirubin serum secara efektif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Field massage bisa menjadi salah satu alternatif intervensi keperawatan yang dapat digunakan dalam penatalaksanaan bayi hiperbilirubinemia di rumah sakit.Kata kunci: Field massage, fototerapi, hiperbilirubinemia, neonatal. Effect of Field Massage as Adjuvant Therapy on Serum Bilirubin Levels Neonatal HyperbilirubinemiaAbstract Hyperbilirubinemia is the common complication that occurs in neonatal period. Therapeutic modality is needed since phototherapy as a standard procedure for hiperbilirubinemia in hospital is often give side effects. Field massage is an adjuvant therapy might increases the excretion of infant bilirubin serum in procedure of phototherapy. However, previous research used field massage noticed that decreased levels of bilirubin allegedly increased with the frequency of defecation as massage effect. The purpose of this study was to determine effect of field massage as adjuvant to level of bilirubin serum in neonatal with phototherapy.The research design used quasi experiments with non equivalent pre test-post test design. The sample was recruited by consecutive sampling of 16 respondents in intervention group and 16 respondents in control group. Data were analyzed by using Dependent T-Test, Independent T-Test, and Analysis Covarians. Results showed that the mean serum bilirubin level after intervention in intervention group showed (8.09+1.21), while the control group were about 10.05+2.17. Decreasing mean serum bilirubin level in the intervention group (7.20+1.59) and the control group (4.64+1.25), between two groups showed that there had significant decrease (p=0.001). Contribution of confounding variables did not affect to the decreased mean serum bilirubin level, whereas after controlled confounding variables in the intervention group showed had net value (7.23+0.37), and for the control group (4.61+0.37). It can be concluded that field massage is effective and useful in decreasing bilirubin serum levels. Results of this study can be used as one of alternative nursing interventions in managing neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in hospitals.Keywords: Field massage, hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal, phototherapy.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of Guduchighan Vati in asymptomatic and mild to moderate cases of COVID-19: A randomized controlled pilot study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh Shukla ◽  
Nitin Ujjaliya ◽  
Pankaj Gupta ◽  
Vivek Khare ◽  
Babita Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Adverse Event ◽  
Drug Reaction ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background: Currently, there is no approved treatment for the management of COVID-19 pandemic. Drug repurposing of existing medications could be a possible way to find out a novel therapeutic entity to combat the COVID-19.Objectives: To determine the clinical effectiveness and safety profile of an Ayurveda Intervention (Guduchighan Vati) in asymptomatic and mild to moderate cases of COVID-19.Methods: This was an open-label randomized controlled pilot study with a sample size of 30 participants (15 in each arm). The participants were asymptomatic or mild to moderate cases of COVID-19. Guduchighan Vati 500 mg twice daily for 10 days was administered in the intervention group as standalone therapy and Hydroxychloroquine in the control group.Outcome measures: Time to negative RT-PCR for COVID-19, proportion of participants turned RT-PCR negative for COVID-19 at 5th and 10th day, duration to achieve complete clinical recovery, improvement in laboratory parameters and incidence of Adverse Drug Reaction/Adverse Event. The data was compared within group using paired sample t-test/ Wilcoxon signed rank test and between group using independent sample t-test/Mann-Whitney test. The results of RT-PCR test was compared between group using chi-square test.Results: 93.3% participants turned RT-PCR negative for COVID-19 in the intervention group, as compared to 66.6% participants in control group till 10th day of the study period. However, the results are statistically insignificant (p = 0.068) which might be attributed to smaller sample size. All the symptomatic patients in the intervention group were clinically recovered at 5th day whereas 14 out of 15 recovered in the control group. No symptoms were observed at 10th day in both the groups. No adverse drug reaction/serious adverse event were observed during the study period.Conclusion: Guduchighan Vati is a safe and effective treatment for asymptomatic and mild cases of COVID-19 and it lowers the time to RT-PCR negative status without any adverse drug reaction/adverse event.

scholarly journals Pengaruh tehnik distraksi menghardik dengan spiritual terhadap halusinasi pasien

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-190
Author(s):  
Nurlaili Nurlaili ◽  
Adnil Edwin Nurdin ◽  
Dewi Eka Putri ◽  
Yulastri Arif ◽  
Basmanelly Basmanelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Paired T Test

Halusinasi mengakibatkan bunuh diri, mencederai orang lain atau merusak lingkungan. Halusinasi harus diturunkan dengan asuhan keperawatan mandiri dan kolaborasi obat-obatan. Asuhan keperawatan mandiri dengan tehnik distraksi. Tehnik distraksi terdiri dari 3, yaitu: distraksi melawan dengan suara keras, distraksi menghindar melalui bercakap-cakap dengan orang lain dan distraksi mengalihkan dengan melakukan aktifitas terjadwal. Fokus penelitian ini pada tehnik distraksi menghardik yang dikombinasikan dengan terapi spiritual.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tehnik distraksi menghardik dengan spiritual terhadap halusinasi pasien. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain “Quasy Experimental Pre-Post Test With Control Group”. Tehnik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling berjumlah 94 pasien halusinasi pendengaran, terdiri dari 47 responden kelompok intervensi dan 47 responden kelompok kontrol. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner dari Haddock berupa Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale (AHRS). Teknik analisis menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji paired t-test dan independent t-test. Hasil Penelitian ada pengaruh tehnik distraksi menghardik dengan spiritual terhadap penurunan halusinasi pasien dengan nilai ƿ value 0,000. Kesimpulan penerapan tehnik distraksi menghardik dengan spiritual dapat menurunkan halusinasi pasien.                                           Kata kunci : tehnik distraksi,  halusinasi, spiritual, asuhan keperawatan mandiri, skizofrenia   THE INFLUENCE OF SPIRITUAL DISTRACTION TECHNIQUES REBUKES THE PATIENT'S HALLUCINATIONS   ABSTRACT Hallucinations result in suicide, injury to others or damage the environment. Hallucinations must be derived from independent nursing care and drug collaboration. Independent nursing care with distraction techniques. Distraction technique consists of 3, namely: distraction against loud, distraction avoids through conversing with other people and distraction distracts by carrying out scheduled activities. The focus of this study is on rebuking distraction techniques combined with spiritual therapy. This study aims to determine the effect of rebuking with spiritual rebellion techniques on patient hallucinations. The research method uses quantitative methods with the design "Quasy Experimental Pre-Post Test With Control Group". Sampling technique with purposive sampling amounted to 94 patients with auditory hallucinations, consisting of 47 respondents in the intervention group and 47 respondents in the control group. The research instrument used a questionnaire from Haddock in the form of the Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale (AHRS). The analysis technique uses univariate and bivariate analysis with paired t-test and independent t-test. The results of the study have the effect of spiritual rebuking distraction techniques on decreasing hallucinations of patients with a value of ,000 0,000. Conclusion The application of spiritual rebuking distraction techniques can reduce patient hallucinations.   Keywords: distraction techniques, hallucinations, spiritual, independent nursing care, schizophrenia

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MULTI MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION ON HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ANEMIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 677-685
Author(s):  
Rati Purnama Sari ◽  
Noor Pramono ◽  
Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro ◽  
Melyana Nurul Widyawati
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Micronutrient Supplementation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
The Difference

Background: The coverage of 90 Fe tablets in Semarang in 2015 was 26.619 of 29.490 pregnant women (97%) but the incidence of anemia in pregnant women was still quite high. One important factor which influences the levels of hemoglobin is multi micronutrient.Objective: This study aims to analyze the changes in hemoglobin levels with multi micronutrient supplementation in pregnant women with anemia.Methods: A Quasy experimental study with randomized control group pre-post test design. The study samples were 40 pregnant women with gestational age of 20 ± 1 weeks divided into two groups, the intervention group (multi micronutrient supplementation) and the control group (Fe supplementation) for 6 weeks. The study was conducted from November 2016 to January 2017. The levels of hemoglobin were measured using cyanmethohemoglobin. Paired t test and independent t test were used for data analyses.Results: The mean increase in hemoglobin levels after multi micronutrient supplementation was 1.545 (1.292) g/dl, whereas the mean increase in hemoglobin levels after Fe supplementation was 0.757 (0.742) g/dl. The difference in hemoglobin levels before and after multi micronutrient supplementation was significantly different (p=0.049). Cohen’s d effect size test showed value of 0.748.Conclusion: Multi micronutrient supplementation could improve hemoglobin levels. Increase in the levels of hemoglobin with multi micronutrient supplementation was higher than Fe supplementation. 

scholarly journals The Effect of Filial Therapy on the Parenting Stress of Mothers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorde

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-219
Author(s):  
Zahra Kiyani ◽  
◽  
Hoshang Mirzai ◽  
Seyed Ali Hosseini ◽  
Hossein Sourtiji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Filial Therapy ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paired T Test

Objective: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the person’ life. The prevalence of ASD in Iran is increasing. The complicated nature of this disorder disrupts the balance and work routines in the family, which puts a lot of stress on the entire family, especially mothers. Mental health of the mother affects all family members, including a child with ASD. On the other hand, mothers’ confusion and failure in relation to their ASD child causes more stress and discomfort for them. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of filial therapy, as a play therapy, on the parenting stress of mothers with ASD children. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, participants were the mothers of 32 children with ASD (9 girls and 23 boys) aged 4-12 years referred to autism centers and occupational therapy clinics in Isfahan, Iran who were selected using a convenience sampling method. After obtaining an ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (code: IR.USWR.REC.1396.97), and necessary permissions, researchers referred to the clinics and after explaining the purpose of the study to the mothers, an informed consent was obtained from them. Then, they completed a demographic form, Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-2 (GARS-2), and Abidin’s Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF). Participants were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups after matching for the child’s age, GARS score, and the education of children and mothers. The intervention group received 10 sessions of filial therapy, once a week, each for two hours, while the control group continued routine treatment. After intervention, PSI-SF was completed by all mothers again. The collected data were analyzed by using ANCOVA, paired t-test and independent t-test. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine the normality of PSI-SF data distribution at Pre-test and Post-test phases. Results: Paired t-test results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the mean total parenting stress score between the two groups in the Pre-test phase (P= 0.679) but it was significant in the Post-test phase (P=0.010). The results of independent t-test showed that the difference between the mean Pre-test and Post-test scores of total parenting stress in the control group was not significant (P= 0.268) but it was significant in the intervention group (P=0.001). ANCOVA results showed that the Pre-test score of parenting stress had an effect on the total parenting stress score after intervention such that it could explain 82% of variations in this variable. After controlling the Pre-test score, the total parenting stress was significantly different in two groups (P=0.001). Eta squared value indicated that the intervention could explain 54% of changes in total parenting stress of mothers. Conclusion: Filial therapy can help better acceptance of the ASD children by their parents and reduce parenting stress by improving child-parent relationships. This method can be taught as a complementary intervention to the mothers of ASD children.

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