scholarly journals Risk factors for vaginal trichomoniasis among women in Basra, Iraq

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (06) ◽  
pp. 918-924
Author(s):  
N. K. Mahdi ◽  
Z. H. Gany ◽  
M. Sharief
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Contraception Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

We investigated Trichomonas vaginalis infection among 352 women with vaginal discharge, 46 were found to be infected, an infection rate of 13%. There were no significant differences in the isolation rate of T. vaginalis in women according to occupation, educational level, economic status, age, marital status, parity, menstrual status and contraception use. The difference in the isolation rates of T. vaginalis in women with a history of abortion [7.6%] and in women with no history of abortion [15.7%] was statistically significant.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Study of Trichomonas Vaginalis in Married females

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (0E) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Suha A. Kadhum
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Contraceptive Pills

The aim of this study was to identify the main risk factors with Trichomonas vaginalis infection in married women that have vaginal discharge. The study include (250) female who attended Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital (Gynecological Clinics), through the period from February 2010 to July 2010.Patients female were subjected for a special questionnaire sheet. The study has found that (65) females were infected with this parasite from total (250), who were complaining from vaginal discharge with infection rate 26%.Higher infection rate was recorded between pregnant female was 17.2% while non-pregnant women 8.8% .The main age group of infected women concentrated in (20-29 years) in which rate were 12.83% and 11.76% in pregnant and non-pregnant women respectively.According to educational level and socio-economic status, the study recorded higher percentage 50.76% between illiterate women and with low socio-economic status 63.07%.The highest infection with Trichomonas vaginalis obtained from women with white to gray discharge 58.46% and with bad odor 81.53%.Depending on residency, in rural residence the high percentage of infection were recorded 63.07% while comparing with urban 36.93%.Considering to contraceptive types which used by women 47.69% for IUDs, followed by 32.31% for contraceptive pills and low percentage for condom 20%.

Incidence of postural headache after lumbar puncture requiring epidural blood patch: Effects of needle caliber; 2-year experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 197140092110006
Author(s):  
Warren Chang ◽  
Ajla Kadribegic ◽  
Kate Denham ◽  
Matthew Kulzer ◽  
Tyson Tragon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Epidural Blood Patch ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Blood Patch ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

Purpose A common complication of lumbar puncture (LP) is postural headaches. Epidural blood patches are recommended if patients fail conservative management. Owing to a perceived increase in the number of post-lumbar puncture headaches (PLPHs) requiring epidural blood patches at a regional hospital in our network, the decision was made to switch from 20 to 22 gauge needles for routine diagnostic LPs. Materials and methods Patients presenting for LP and myelography at one network regional hospital were included in the study. The patients were contacted by nursing staff 3 days post-procedure; those patients who still had postural headaches after conservative management and received epidural blood patches were considered positive cases. In total, 292 patients were included; 134 underwent LP with 20-gauge needles (53 male, 81 female, average age 57.7) and 158 underwent LP with 22-gauge needles (79 male, 79 female, average age 54.6). Results Of 134 patients undergoing LP with 20-gauge needles, 15 (11%) had PLPH requiring epidural blood patch (11 female, 3 male, average age 38). Of 158 patients undergoing LP with 22-gauge needles, only 5 (3%) required epidural blood patches (all female, average age 43). The difference was statistically significant ( p < 0.01). Risk factors for PLPH included female gender, younger age, lower body mass index, history of prior PLPH and history of headaches. Conclusion Switching from 20-gauge to 22-gauge needles significantly decreased the incidence of PLPH requiring epidural blood patch. Narrower gauge or non-cutting needles should be considered in patients with risk factors for PLPH, allowing for CSF requirements.

scholarly journals Study of Risk Factors for Conegnital Heart Defect in a Tertiary Level Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Ferdousi Hossain Poly ◽  
Syeda Afroza ◽  
Hasanur Rahman ◽  
Md Imran Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Medical College ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

A congenital heart defect is a heart problem which is present at birth, caused by improper development of the heart during fetal development. In majority of cases there is no known reason for the heart to develop improperly. Some type of congenital heart defects are related to chromosomal abnormality(5-6%), some are to single gene defect(3-5%) or environmental factors(2%). In 85-90% of cases there is no identifiable cause and are generally considered to be caused by multifactorial inheritance. There are some maternal factors which have some role in cardiovascular malformations. These include high maternal age(above 30 years), maternal obesity, consanguinity among the parents, fever during pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol consumption, ingestion of any teratogenic drug including homeopathy and herbal medicine. Objective of the study: To evaluate the risk factors associated with congenital heart disease. Methodology: A case control study was conducted at paediatric department of Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital following approval of the protocol from 1st January 2013 to 30th June 2014. Children fulfilling the inclusion criteria-(0-5 year old children of both sexes admitted in paediatric units of Mitford Hospital with any type of congenital heart disease confirmed by echocardiography) were considered as cases. A similar number of age and sex matched children admitted in Mitford Hospital without any cardiac defect were considered as controls. Data were collected by questionnaire. Results: The results show that majority of the cases are male. Maternal age (27.09 ± 4.63) and BMI (24.10 ± 2.28) both are significantly higher in cases than those of controls. Among the cases 31.8% mothers had consanguineous marriage (p=0.001) and 27.1% mothers had history of fever during pregnancy whereas it was present in 9.3% mothers of controls, the difference is significant statistically (p=0.001). Among the cases 34.6% mothers had history of gestational diabetes mellitus and only 18.9% controls had so and the difference is significant statistically (p=0.014). Conclusion: Relatively old age and more weight during pregnancy, consanguinity between parents, fever during pregnancy, history of gestational diabetes mellitus are the main risk factors of congenital heart defects in children J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.1, April, 2018, Page 51-56

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in the Zhejiang Province of China

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jintian Xu ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Shengchao Zheng ◽  
Wei Shu ◽  
Yu Pang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
History Of ◽  
Normal University ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Culture Positive

Abstract Risk factors and prevalence of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) diseases were retrospectively evaluated in 1208 suspected pulmonary TB patients seeking care at the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University between July 2018 and December 2018. Further analysis of 390 culture-positive cases demonstrated that 358 (358/390, 91.8%) were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), 24 (24/390, 6.2%) with NTM and eight (8/390, 2.0%) with both MTB and NTM. M. intracellulare was the most prevalent NTM isolated (16/24, 66.7%), followed by M. abscessus (3/24), M. kansasii (2/24), M. avium (1/24), M. szulgai (1/24) and M. fortuitum (1/24). The difference between NTM and TB case rates for the ⩾65-year-old age group significantly exceeded the difference for the reference group (patients aged 25–44 years) (OR (95% CI): 4.63 (1.03–20.90)). Pulmonary NTM diseases incidence positively correlated with prior TB history (OR (95% CI): 12.92 (3.24–31.82)). Moreover, pulmonary NTM patients were significantly more likely to exhibit underlying bronchiectasis than pulmonary TB patients (OR (95% CI): 18.89 (7.54–47.88)). In conclusion, approximately one-tenth of culture-positive suspected pulmonary TB patients are infected with NTM (most frequently M. intracellulare) in Zhejiang Province, China. The elderly and those with bronchiectasis or a history of TB are at the greatest risk of contracting pulmonary NTM disease.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of hepatitis B and C virus infections among pregnant women attending maternity wards at two hospitals in Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255189
Author(s):  
Muhammad Israr ◽  
Fawad Ali ◽  
Arif Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Idrees ◽  
Aishma Khattak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

Background & aim Hepatitis B and C infections are global issues that are associated with a massive financial burden in developing countries where vertical transmission is the major mode and remains high. This cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among 375 pregnant women attending antenatal care health facilities at Bacha Khan Medical Complex (BKMC) Shahmansoor and District Head Quarter (DHQ) Hospital Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methodology From a total of 375 pregnant women selected using systematic random sampling from both hospitals, 10 ml of blood samples were collected and alienated serum was examined for indicators identification through the Immuno-Chromatographic Test (ICT) and 3rd Generation Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). A pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic data and possible risk factors. The data was analyzed via SPSS 23.0 statistical software. A chi-square analysis was performed to determine the association between variables. P-value < 0.05 was set statistically significant. Results The overall frequency of HBV and HCV among 375 pregnant women involved in the study was 3.7% and 2.1% respectively. None of the pregnant women were co-infected with HBV and HCV. Dental extraction (P = 0.001) and blood transfusion (P = 0.0005) were significantly allied with HBV infection while surgical procedure (P = 0.0001) was significantly associated with HCV infection. Moreover the sociodemographic characteristics: residential status (P = 0.017) and educational level (P = 0.048) were found significant risk factors of HBsAg and maternal age (P = 0.033) of anti-HCV, respectively. Conclusion & recommendation HBV and HCV infections are intermediary endemic in the study area. A higher prevalence of HBV was detected among pregnant mothers with a history of dental extraction, history of blood transfusion, resident to the urban area and low educational level. The age and surgical procedures were the potential risk factors found significantly associated with HCV positivity among pregnant mothers in our setup. Future negotiations to control vertical transmission should include routine antenatal screening for these infections early in pregnancy and the requirement of efficient preventive tools including the birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine in combination with hepatitis B immune globulins to the neonate.

scholarly journals Evaluation of multiple risk factors involved in the development of Diabetic Retinopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeda Birjees Anwar ◽  
Naveed Asif ◽  
Syed Abid Hassan Naqvi ◽  
Sidra Malik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Family History ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Objective: To determine the role of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking and positive family history of diabetes and hypertension in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Chemical Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi over 2 years period from June 2014 to June 2016. One hundred consecutive diabetic patients with no signs of diabetic retinopathy and good glycemic control (HbA1c<6.5%) were registered by non-probability convenient sampling after taking written informed consent. They were evaluated for hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking status. These patients were then followed 6 monthly for 2 years to look for the development of diabetic retinopathy. Results: The mean age of the patients was 50.72±9.29 years and there were 57 (57%) male and 43 (43%) female patients. Majority (82%) of the patients had NIDDM. The mean duration of diabetes was 8.31±6.83 years. 11% of the patients were smoker, 37% were hypertensive, 6% had hyperlipidaemia, 62% had family history of diabetes and 30% had family history of hypertension. At the end of follow-up, 9 (9.0%) patients had diabetic retinopathy. The frequency of diabetic retinopathy increased with increasing age of the patient; however, the difference was statistically insignificant. A comparatively higher frequency of diabetic retinopathy was also seen in patients with IDDM and those with positive family history of diabetes and hypertension yet again, the difference was statistically insignificant. Also, no significant difference was noted among male and female genders and smokers vs. non-smoker. However, the frequency of diabetic retinopathy increased significantly with increasing duration of diabetes. It was also higher among those with hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Conclusion: Higher patient age (≥50 years), increasing duration of diabetes (≥20 years), insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and positive family history of diabetes and hypertension were found to be associated with increased frequency of diabetic retinopathy. How to cite this:Anwar SB, Asif N, Naqvi SAH, Malik S. Evaluation of multiple risk factors involved in the development of Diabetic Retinopathy. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.279 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals The Importance of Stroke as a Risk Factor of Cognitive Decline in Community Dwelling Older and Oldest peoples : The SONIC Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werayuth Srithum ◽  
Mai Kabayama ◽  
Yasuyuki Gondo ◽  
Yukie Masui ◽  
Yuya Akagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Cognitive impairment is a major health concern among older and oldest people.Moreover, stroke is a relevant contributor for cognitive decline and development of dementia. The study of cognitive decline focused on stroke as the important risk factor by recruiting older and oldest is still lagging behind. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the importance of stroke as a risk factor of cognitive decline during three years in community dwelling older and oldest people. Methods: This study was longitudinal study with a 3-year follow-up in Japan. The participants were 1,333community dwelling older and oldest people (70 years old = 675, 80 years old = 589, and 90 years old = 69). Data collected included basic data (age, sex, and history of stroke), vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and current smoking), and social factors (educational level, frequency of going outdoors, long-term care (LTC) service used, and residential area). The Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) was decline of ≥ 2 points was defined as cognitive decline. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between stroke and other risk factors with cognitive decline during a 3-year follow-up. Results: The fit of the hypothesized model by multiple logistic regression showed that a history of stroke, advanced age, and greater MoCA-J score at the baseline were important risk factors, while the presence of dyslipidemia and a higher educational level were protective factors that were significantly correlated with cognitive decline during the 3-year follow-up. Conclusions: The cognitive decline after the 3-year follow-up was influenced by the history of stroke and advanced age, while greater MoCA-J score at the baseline was positively associated with subsequent 3 years cognitive decline. The protective factors were the presence of dyslipidemia and a higher educational level. Therefore, these factors are considered important and should be taken into consideration when searching for creative solutions to prevent cognitive decline after stroke in community dwelling older and oldest people.

scholarly journals Assessment of Extrapyramidal Symptoms Associated with Psychotropics Pharmacological Treatments, and Associated Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dania Abu-Naser ◽  
Sara Gharaibeh ◽  
Ahmad Z. Al Meslamani ◽  
Qais Alefan ◽  
Renad Abunaser
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Extrapyramidal Symptoms ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Baseline Factors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Health Database ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS) are unwanted symptoms commonly originating from the use of certain medications. The symptoms can range from minimal discomfort to permanent involuntary muscular movements. The aims of the study were to examine the incidence of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (di-EPS), associated risk factors, and clinical characteristics. Methods: This is a retrospective, observational study of di-EPS conducted in outpatient clinics of Jordan using the longitudinal health database (Hakeem®) for data collection. Patients who received drugs with the risk of EPS during the period 2010-2020 were included and followed. Patients with any of the known underlying conditions that may cause EPS or were currently taking drugs that may mask the symptoms were excluded. Gender and age-matched control subjects were included in the study. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS®) version 26 was used for data analysis. Results: The final dataset included 34898 exposed patients and 69796 matched controls. The incidence of di-EPS ranged from 9.8% [Amitriptyline 25mg] to 28.9% (Imipramine 25mg). Baseline factors associated with a significantly higher risk of developing di-EPS were age {HR: 1.1 [95%CI: 0.8-1.2, p=0.003], smoking {HR: 1.7 (95%CI: 1.3-2.2), p=0.02}, tremor history {HR: 7.4 (95%CI: 5.9-8.3), p=.002} and history of taking antipsychotics {HR: 3.9, (95% CI: 2.5-4.6), p=0.001}. Patients taking paroxetine {HR: 8.6 [95%CI: 7.4-9.8], p=.0002},imipramine {HR: 8.3, [7.1-10.5], p=0.01}, or fluoxetine {HR: 8.2 (95%CI: 6.8-9.3), p=.006} had a significantly higher risk of developing di-EPS compared to patients taking citalopram. Myoclonus, blepharospasm, symptoms of the basal ganglia dysfunction, and organic writers' cramp were reported among participants. Conclusion: Patients treated with paroxetine, imipramine, fluoxetine, or clomipramine had a higher risk of developing di-EPS than patients treated with citalopram. The difference in gender was not significantly related to di-EPS development. Whereas age, smoking, and history of taking antipsychotics were significantly associated with di-EPS development. Key findings: • High incidence of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (di-EPS) was reported • Age, smoking, tremor history, and history of taking antipsychotics were risk factors of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms. • Patients taking paroxetine, imipramine or fluoxetine had a significantly higher risk of developing di-EPS compared to patients taking citalopram

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