Supplementary feeding of malnourished children in northern Iraq

The effectiveness of the supplementary feeding programme for malnourished children aged 6 months to 3 years in Dohuk province, northern Iraq was evaluated. The enrolment criterion was child weight > or = 2 st and ard deviations below st and ard weight-for-age. Children enrolled in the programme in January 2001 were followed over 7 months. Children received high-protein high-energy biscuits in the first month and a monthly child ration for preparing soyabean mix throughout. Their families received food rations in the first 4 months. Improvement was noticed for all children, particularly in the first month. Problems with the rations and within the growth monitoring units resulted in significant drop-out. Use of st and ard growth charts may be a way to overcome this problem. High-protein biscuits should be distributed throughout instead of the mix

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Development of ready-to-eat supplementary foods using germinated cereal-pulse mix, potato flour and green leafy vegetable for malnourished children

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-04-2015-0033 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 30-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Priyanka Prasad ◽

Anita Kochhar ◽

Mohammed Javed

Keyword(s):

High Energy ◽

Supplementary Feeding ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Potato Flour ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Content Type ◽

Malnourished Children ◽

Cent Level ◽

Supplementary Foods ◽

Spinach Leaves

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop and standardize nutrient dense, easily digestible and affordable ready-to-eat supplementary foods from locally available ingredients for malnourished children and to assess their nutritional composition. Design/methodology/approach – To develop supplementary foods, wheat and green gram were germinated, dried and made into flour. Potatoes of “Kufri Pukhraj” variety procured from university were washed, peeled, sliced, boiled, dipped in potassium metabisulphite solution, dried and grounded into flour. Spinach leaves were washed, dried and made into powder. Five wholesome ready-to-eat supplementary foods, namely, panjiri, mathi, seviyan, biscuits and pinni, were developed from germinated cereal, pulse and potato flour and spinach leaves powder. The products were standardized with potato flour and spinach leaves powder. The developed products were analyzed for proximate composition by standardized methods. Findings – One-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test was used to obtain differences in organoleptic scores within different levels of treatments. All five supplementary foods were acceptable at 30 per cent level of potato flour and 2.5 per cent level of spinach leaves powder. Mean scores of panjiri, mathi, seviyan, biscuits and pinni were significantly different (p < 0.05). Significant (p < 0.05) difference was observed in terms of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and ash content among the developed products. Practical implications – The developed ready-to-eat supplementary foods can be recommended for supplementary feeding programmes running in the country. Originality/value – The paper aims at the development of high energy protein supplementary foods for malnourished children. The developed complementary food blend is made up of variety of food groups like cereal, pulse, root and tuber and green leafy vegetables to provide wholesome nutrition to children. This is different to originally provided supplementary foods to children made up of only cereal. The developed products also add a variety to supplementary foods given to malnourished children in supplementary feeding programmes.

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The effect of soybean formula and formula 100 supplementation on the growth of preschool children

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi45.6.2005.256-63 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 256

Author(s):

M Mexitalia ◽

Yohanes Tri Nugroho ◽

J C Susanto

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Body Height ◽

High Energy ◽

Second Phase ◽

Z Score ◽

Health Food ◽

Alternative Health ◽

Second Phases ◽

The Difference ◽

Weight For Age

Background Preschool children are vulnerable in growth. Soy-bean formula (SF) and formula-100 (F100) are supplementary foodswhich contain of high energy and are available at low price; how-ever, they are not widely used for preschool children.Objectives To investigate the effect of SF compared to F100 onthe growth of preschool children.Methods A cross-over trial was conducted on 96 preschool chil-dren aged 4-7 years. Subjects were randomly divided into 2 groupswhich received 200 ml soybean formula (n=49) or F100 (n=47) for1 month and crossed-over after a six-week wash-out period. Bodyweight was measured weekly. Body height and food analysis by 3-day food recall were measured at the beginning and the end of thestudy. The criteria of the acceptability of the formula was eithergood or poor.Results Supplementation with SF as well as F100 induced catchup growth as shown by the increase of Δz-score. There were nosignificant difference of Δ weight for age z-score, Δ height for agez-score, and Δ weight for height z score between groups duringthe first and second phases of the trial. The acceptability of F100was significantly better than that of SF at the beginning; neverthe-less, the difference was not significant at the second phase trial.Conclusions Soybean formula and F100 given for a one monthperiod can induce catch-up growth in preschool children. Soybeanformula as an alternative health food can be accepted by preschoolchildren

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Effect of chronic food restriction on pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression in castrate male sheep

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1520329 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 152 (2) ◽

pp. 329-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

C L Adam ◽

P A Findlay ◽

C E Kyle ◽

P Young ◽

J G Mercer

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Neuropeptide Y ◽

Pulse Amplitude ◽

Pulse Frequency ◽

High Energy ◽

Low Energy ◽

High Protein ◽

Castrate Male ◽

Low Protein ◽

Male Sheep

Abstract Castrate male sheep (wethers, average liveweight 38 ± 0·6 kg) were given one of the following diets for 10 weeks followed by euthanasia (n=8/group): high-energy high-protein providing 1·5 times the energy required to maintain liveweight (maintenance) (group 1·5M), low-energy low-protein at 0·5 maintenance (0·5M), or low-energy high-protein at 0·5 maintenance (0·5M+P). 1·5M wethers gained 22% liveweight whereas 0·5M and 0·5M+P wethers lost 18 and 13% liveweight respectively. Relative to the 1·5M group, the 0·5M and 0·5M+P groups had similar plasma concentrations of glucose and cortisol throughout, but elevated non-esterified fatty acids (P<0·001) and reduced IGF-I and insulin (P<0·05, 0·01 or 0·001) from 1 week onwards. Each week blood samples were taken every 12 min for 4 h and plasma assayed for LH. Mean concentration over 4 h, LH pulse frequency and LH pulse amplitude showed no progressive change in 1·5M sheep. However, in both 0·5M and 0·5M+P groups mean LH increased (P<0·001 and P<0·01 respectively), pulse frequency decreased (P<0·01 and P<0·01) and pulse amplitude increased (P<0·001 and P<0·01) over the 10-week period. Anterior pituitary LH content was greater in 0·5M (P<0·01) and 0·5M+P (P<0·05) than in 1·5M sheep. Coronal sections (20 μm) of hypothalamic brain tissue were subjected to in situ hybridisation to determine gene expression for neuropeptide Y (NPY). NPY mRNA was concentrated in the arcuate nucleus and median eminence, with total amounts greater in both 0·5M (310%, P<0·001) and 0·5M+P (333%, P<0·01) groups than in 1·5M sheep (100%). These data reveal that chronic low dietary energy intake by long-term castrates, with high or low protein intake, reduces LH pulse frequency but increases the circulating levels of LH by virtue of an increase in pulse amplitude, and concomitantly increases hypothalamic NPY gene expression. Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 152, 329–337

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Radiation hard amorphous silicon particle sensors

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-862-a15.4 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 862 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

N. Wyrsch ◽

C. Miazza ◽

S. Dunand ◽

C. Ballif ◽

A. Shah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amorphous Silicon ◽

Proton Beam ◽

Thermal Annealing ◽

Silicon Particle ◽

Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon ◽

High Energy ◽

Significant Drop ◽

Radiation Hard ◽

Hydrogenated Amorphous ◽

Subsequent Thermal Annealing

AbstractRadiation tests of 32 μm thick hydrogenated amorphous silicon n-i-p diodes have been performed using a high energy 24 GeV proton beam up to fluences in excess of 1016 protons/cm2. The results are compared to irradiation of similar 1 μm and 32 μm thick n-i-p diodes using a proton beam of 280 keV at a fluence of 3x1013 protons/cm2. Even though both types of irradiation cause a significant drop in photoconductivity of thin or thick diodes, all samples survived the experiment and recover almost fully after a subsequent thermal annealing.

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INFLUENCE OF STRAIN AND SEX ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF PROTEIN TO ENERGY IN THE RATIONS OF GROWING AND FINISHING BACON PIGS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas59-015 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 102-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

J. P. Bowland ◽

R. T. Berg

Keyword(s):

Feed Efficiency ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Strain Differences ◽

High Energy ◽

Low Energy ◽

High Protein ◽

Growing Period ◽

Strain Interaction ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Rations varying in energy (65 to 79 per cent TDN or 69 to 88 per cent apparent digestible energy) and protein (13 to 21 per cent) were studied in two experiments with 120 pigs of four strains. Rate of liveweight gain tended to be fastest in pigs fed high energy-high protein rations throughout. Males gained more rapidly than females, with strain differences being evident. Strain × sex interactions in rate of gain were present in both the growing and finishing period, with a ration × strain interaction present in the growing period. There was an indication that in the growing period pigs on high energy, particularly high energy-high protein rations ate more than pigs fed low energy rations. In the finishing period low energy rations were consumed at a higher rate than high energy rations with protein level having no influence on feed intake. In the growing period to 110 pounds, high protein rations resulted in improved feed efficiency as compared to medium protein rations, while in the finishing period to market weight high energy rations were more efficient than low energy rations. There was evidence that high protein alone or in combination with high energy rations also improved efficiency of feed utilization in the finishing period. Female pigs required less feed per pound gain than male pigs in the finishing period. High energy rations resulted in increased dressing percentage and generally inferior carcasses. There was an indication that high protein rations resulted in leaner carcasses. Carcass length was not influenced by ration. Carcasses from female pigs excelled those from male pigs in all factors measured except carcass length. Strain differences in carcass characteristics existed but no appreciable strain × ration interactions were noted.

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A short-term intervention for the treatment of severe malnutrition in a post-conflict country: results of a survey in Guinea Bissau

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980008003297 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1357-1364 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Raffaella Colombatti ◽

Alessandra Coin ◽

Piero Bestagini ◽

Cesaltina Silva Vieira ◽

Laura Schiavon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Day Care ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Complete Recovery ◽

Severe Malnutrition ◽

Short Term ◽

Guinea Bissau ◽

Malnourished Children ◽

Post Conflict ◽

Weight For Age

AbstractObjectivesTo determine (i) the extent of malnutrition and the risk factors for severe malnutrition in Guinea Bissau, a post-conflict country experiencing long-term consequences of civil war; and (ii) the feasibility and effectiveness of a short-term intervention characterized by outpatient treatment with locally produced food for the treatment of severe malnutrition during the rainy season.Design and settingSocial, clinical, nutritional information were collected for children reaching the paediatric outpatient clinic of the Hospital ‘Comunità di Sant’Egidio’ in Bissau, Guinea Bissau, from 1 July to 12 August 2003. Severely malnourished children (weight-for-age <−3sd) in poor health status were admitted for daily nutritional and pharmacological treatment until complete recovery. Social and health indicators were analysed to define risk factors of severe malnutrition.ResultsIn total, 2642 children were visited (age range: 1 month–17 years). Fever, cough and dermatological problems were the main reasons for access. Social data outlined poor housing conditions: 86·4 % used water from unprotected wells, 97·3 % did not have a bathroom at home, 78·2 % lived in a mud house. Weight-for-age was <−2sd in 23·0 % of the children and <−3sd in 10·3 %; thirty-seven children (1·4 %) were severely malnourished and admitted for day care. All recovered with a weight gain of 4·45 g/kg per d, none died or relapsed after 1 year. Severely malnourished children were mainly infants, part of large families and had illiterate mothers.ConclusionShort-term interventions performed in post-conflict countries during seasons of high burden of disease and malnutrition are feasible and successful at low cost; day-care treatment of severe malnutrition with locally produced food is an option that can be tested in other settings.

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Feedlotting Lambs

10.1071/9780643098435 ◽

2003 ◽

Keyword(s):

High Energy ◽

Supplementary Feeding ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Nutrition Management ◽

Market Expectations ◽

Management Issues

Lambs need high energy and protein levels and optimum conditions in which to grow rapidly. Now, with the increasing need to supply lambs all year round to meet market expectations, producers are more often turning to feedlotting lambs. This guide offers realistic advice for producers who are considering feedlotting lambs where all nutrients are supplied, movement is restricted, and shade and water are provided. It will also be useful where supplementary feeding of grain, hay or other nutrients is used to lift the available nutrition to a level sufficient for maintenance, growth or production of the animal. Feedlotting Lambs provides an understanding of the principles of nutrition, management issues and finishing lambs in order to meet market specifications.

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Alterations in Rumen Bacterial Community and Metabolome Characteristics of Cashmere Goats in Response to Dietary Nutrient Density

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10071193 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1193

Author(s):

Yaoyue Wang ◽

Peng Tang ◽

Yafei Xiao ◽

Jianming Liu ◽

Yulin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

High Energy ◽

High Protein ◽

Metabolic Energy ◽

Control Group ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Nutrient Density ◽

Cashmere Goats

This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of dietary energy and protein on rumen bacterial composition and ruminal metabolites. A total of 12 ruminal samples were collected from Shaanbei white cashmere goats which were divided into two groups, including high-energy and high-protein (Group H; crude protein, CP: 9.37% in dry matter; metabolic energy, ME: 9.24 MJ/kg) and control (Group C; CP: 8.73%; ME: 8.60 MJ/kg) groups. Thereby, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to identify the rumen bacterial community. Metabolomics analysis was done to investigate the rumen metabolites and the related metabolic pathways in Groups C and H. The high-energy and high-protein diets increased the relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes and genera Prevotella_1 and Succiniclasticum, while decreasing the number of Proteobacteria (p < 0.05). The dominant differential metabolites were amino acids, peptides, and analogs. Tyrosine metabolism played an important role among the nine main metabolic pathways. Correlation analysis revealed that both Prevotella_1 (r = 0.608, p < 0.05) and Ruminococcus_2 (r = 0.613, p < 0.05) showed a positive correlation with catechol. Our findings revealed that the diets with high energy and protein levels in Group H significantly altered the composition of ruminal bacteria and metabolites, which can help to improve the dietary energy and protein use efficiency in goats.

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Complex Enterally Tube-Fed Community Patients Display Stable Tolerance, Improved Compliance and Better Achieve Energy and Protein Targets with a High-Energy, High-Protein Peptide-Based Enteral Tube Feed: Results from a Multi-Centre Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12113538 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3538

Author(s):

Benjamin Green ◽

Katy Sorensen ◽

Mary Phillips ◽

Lisa Green ◽

Rachel Watson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

High Energy ◽

High Protein ◽

Medium Chain Triglycerides ◽

Community Based ◽

Protein Targets ◽

Gastrointestinal Tolerance ◽

Community Patients

This pilot study evaluated a high-energy, high-protein, peptide-based, (medium-chain triglycerides) MCT-containing enteral tube feed (Nutrison Peptisorb Plus HEHP®, Nutricia Ltd., Trowbridge, BA14 0XQ, UK.) containing 1.5 kcal/mL and 7.5 g protein/100 mL. Fifteen community-based, enterally tube-fed adults (42 (SD 16.3) years) received the intervention feed daily for 28 days, with gastrointestinal tolerance, compliance and nutrient intake assessed at baseline and after the intervention period. Incidence and intensity of constipation (p = 0.496), nausea (p = 1.000), abdominal pain (p = 0.366) and bloating (p = 0.250) remained statistically unchanged, yet the incidence and intensity of diarrhoea improved significantly after receiving the intervention feed (Z = −2.271, p = 0.023). Compliance with the intervention feed was significantly greater compared to the patient’s baseline regimens (99% vs. 87%, p = 0.038). Compared to baseline, use of the intervention feed enabled patients to significantly increase total energy (1676 kcal/day (SD 449) to 1884 kcal/day (SD 537), p = 0.039) and protein intake (73 g/day (SD 17) to 89 g/day (SD 23), p = 0.001), allowing patients to better achieve energy (from 88% to 99%, p = 0.038) and protein (from 101% to 121%, p < 0.001) requirements. This pilot study demonstrates that a high-energy, high-protein, peptide-based, MCT-containing enteral tube feed maintains gastrointestinal tolerance and improves compliance, energy and protein intake in complex, enterally tube-fed, community-based adult patients, though more work is recommended to confirm this.

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Improving screening for malnourished children at high risk of death: a study of children aged 6–59 months in rural Senegal

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s136898001800318x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 862-871 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mark Myatt ◽

Tanya Khara ◽

Carmel Dolan ◽

Michel Garenne ◽

André Briend

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Community Based ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Malnourished Children ◽

Arm Circumference ◽

Near Term ◽

Mid Upper Arm Circumference ◽

Risk Ratios ◽

System Operating ◽

Weight For Age

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether children with concurrent wasting and stunting require therapeutic feeding and to better understand whether multiple diagnostic criteria are needed to identify children with a high risk of death and in need of treatment.DesignCommunity-based cohort study, following 5751 children through time. Each child was visited up to four times at 6-month intervals. Anthropometric measurements were taken at each visit. Survival was monitored using a demographic surveillance system operating in the study villages.SettingNiakhar, a rural area of the Fatick region of central Senegal.ParticipantsChildren aged 6–59 months living in thirty villages in the study area.ResultsWeight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) were independently associated with near-term mortality. The lowest WAZ threshold that, in combination with MUAC, detected all deaths associated with severe wasting or concurrent wasting and stunting was WAZ <−2·8. Performance for detecting deaths was best when only WAZ and MUAC were used. Additional criteria did not improve performance. Risk ratios for near-term death in children identified using WAZ and MUAC suggest that children identified by WAZ <−2·8 but with MUAC≥115 mm may require lower-intensity treatment than children identified using MUAC <115 mm.ConclusionsA combination of MUAC and WAZ detected all near-term deaths associated with severe anthropometric deficits including concurrent wasting and stunting. Therapeutic feeding programmes may achieve higher impact if WAZ and MUAC admission criteria are used.

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