Feedlotting Lambs

2003 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Nutrition Management ◽  
Market Expectations ◽  
Management Issues

Lambs need high energy and protein levels and optimum conditions in which to grow rapidly. Now, with the increasing need to supply lambs all year round to meet market expectations, producers are more often turning to feedlotting lambs. This guide offers realistic advice for producers who are considering feedlotting lambs where all nutrients are supplied, movement is restricted, and shade and water are provided. It will also be useful where supplementary feeding of grain, hay or other nutrients is used to lift the available nutrition to a level sufficient for maintenance, growth or production of the animal. Feedlotting Lambs provides an understanding of the principles of nutrition, management issues and finishing lambs in order to meet market specifications.

scholarly journals Supplementary feeding of malnourished children in northern Iraq

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
S. Y. Agha
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Child Weight ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Weight For Age

The effectiveness of the supplementary feeding programme for malnourished children aged 6 months to 3 years in Dohuk province, northern Iraq was evaluated. The enrolment criterion was child weight > or = 2 st and ard deviations below st and ard weight-for-age. Children enrolled in the programme in January 2001 were followed over 7 months. Children received high-protein high-energy biscuits in the first month and a monthly child ration for preparing soyabean mix throughout. Their families received food rations in the first 4 months. Improvement was noticed for all children, particularly in the first month. Problems with the rations and within the growth monitoring units resulted in significant drop-out. Use of st and ard growth charts may be a way to overcome this problem. High-protein biscuits should be distributed throughout instead of the mix

Acute toxicity of doxorubicin on isolated perfused heart: response of kinases regulating energy supply

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (1) ◽  
pp. H37-H47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Tokarska-Schlattner ◽  
Michael Zaugg ◽  
Rafaela da Silva ◽  
Eliana Lucchinetti ◽  
Marcus C. Schaub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Drug Accumulation ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Perfused Heart ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cardiac Energy Metabolism ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

Doxorubicin (DXR) is a widely used and efficient anticancer drug. However, its application is limited by the risk of severe cardiotoxicity. Impairment of cardiac high-energy phosphate homeostasis is an important manifestation of both acute and chronic DXR cardiotoxic action. Using the Langendorff model of the perfused rat heart, we characterized the acute effects of 1-h perfusion with 2 or 20 μM DXR on two key kinases in cardiac energy metabolism, creatine kinase (CK) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and related them to functional responses of the perfused heart and structural integrity of the contractile apparatus as well as drug accumulation in cardiomyocytes. DXR-induced changes in CK were dependent on the isoenzyme, with a shift in protein levels of cytosolic isoenzymes from muscle-type CK to brain-type CK, and a destabilization of octamers of the mitochondrial isoenzyme (sarcometric mitochondiral CK) accompanied by drug accumulation in mitochondria. Interestingly, DXR rapidly reduced the protein level and phosphorylation of AMPK as well as phosphorylation of its target, acetyl-CoA-carboxylase. AMPK was strongly affected already at 2 μM DXR, even before substantial cardiac dysfunction occurred. Impairment of CK isoenzymes was mostly moderate but became significant at 20 μM DXR. Only at 2 μM DXR did upregulation of brain-type CK compensate for inactivation of other isoenzymes. These results suggest that an impairment of kinase systems regulating cellular energy homeostasis is involved in the development of DXR cardiotoxicity.

scholarly journals Human Blood-Derived Lymphoblastoid Cybrids for Assessment of Mitochondrial tRNAs Deficiency by MTO1 Silence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Chen ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Maerhaba Aishanjiang ◽  
Yuping Wei ◽  
Zewen Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mitochondrial Translation ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Translation Optimization

Abstract Background: Mutations in the mitochondrial translation optimization 1 (MTO1) gene can cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Although the functional role of MTO1 deficiency in certain cells is gradually confirmed, the phenotype of MTO1 deficiency in a lymphoblastoid cybrid line is not yet reported. In this study, we characterized changes of mitochondrial function in MTO1 silenced cybrid cells derived from human lymphoblastoids, immature white blood cells that give rise to lymphocytes. Results: We showed that MTO1 silence decreased the levels of 2-thiourylation of mitochondrial tRNALys, tRNAGlu, and tRNAGln, nevertheless, the aminoacylation efficiency of tRNALys and the steady state of mitochondrial tRNAs were elevated. These aberrant tRNA changes caused a significant decrease in protein levels of oxidative phosphorylation complex subunits including complex I, III, IV and V. Furthermore, dysfunctional mitochondria promoted apoptosis in stress, evidenced by elevated ratios of apoptotic cells and increased levels of apoptosis-activated proteins in the MTO1 knockdown cell lines, as compared to the controls. Conclusions: Our data provide new insights into the important functional role of MTO1 in lymphoblastoid mitochondria. We envision the cybrid cell line approach we have established provides an alternative model for the cardiac tissue of high-energy demands characteristics, and they hold promises for the diagnosis and drug screening for the therapeutic agents of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by MTO1 dysfunction.

scholarly journals Phase and Morphology Transformations in Sulfur-Fixing and Reduction Roasting of Antimony Sulfide

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Ouyang ◽  
Longgang Ye ◽  
Chaobo Tang ◽  
Yifeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Powder Size ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Reduction Roasting ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Mineral Separation ◽  
Thermodynamic Feasibility ◽  
High Energy Consumption

Metallurgical extraction of antimony (Sb) currently has the limitations of high energy consumption and adverse environmental impact. In this study, we proposed a cleaning process to extract Sb by metallurgy and beneficiation based on S-fixing and reduction roasting of Sb2S3. Metallic Sb can be obtained directly by using zinc oxide (ZnO) and carbon as sulfur-fixing and reducing agents, respectively, at 600–1000 °C, wherein S is fixed in the form of ZnS. The thermodynamic feasibility of the process of roasting and the effects of a range of process parameters on Sb generation were investigated comprehensively. The optimum conditions for metallic Sb generation were determined to be as follows: temperature of 800 °C, C powder size of 100–150 mesh, ZnO content of 1.1 times its stoichiometric requirement (α), and reaction time of 2 h. Under the optimum conditions, the proportion of Sb distributed in the metal phase reached 90.44% and the S-fixing rate reached 94.86%. The phase transformation of Sb progressed as follows: Sb2S3→Sb2O3→Sb. The Sb particle had mainly spherical and hexahedral morphologies after quenching and furnace cooling, and bonded little with ZnS. This research is potentially beneficial for the further design process of Sb powder and ZnS recovery by mineral separation.

scholarly journals Ruminal Microbiota and Fermentation in Response to Dietary Protein and Energy Levels in Weaned Lambs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaokang Lv ◽  
Kai Cui ◽  
Minli Qi ◽  
Shiqin Wang ◽  
Qiyu Diao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Energy Group ◽  
Low Energy Diet

Supplying sufficient nutrients, such as dietary energy and protein, has a great effect on the growth and rumen development of ruminants. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary energy and protein levels on growth performance, microbial diversity, and structural and physiological properties of the rumen in weaned lambs. A total of 64 two-month-old Hu lambs were randomly allotted to 2 × 2 factorial arrangements with four replicates and with four lambs (half male and half female) in each replicate. The first factor was two levels of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) density (ME = 10.9 MJ/Kg or 8.6 MJ/Kg), and the second factor was two levels of dietary crude protein (CP) content (CP = 15.7% or 11.8%). The trial lasted for 60 days. A low dietary energy level restrained the growth performance of lambs (p < 0.05). The ruminal concentration of acetate and the ratio of acetate to propionate increased but the propionate concentration decreased significantly with the low energy diet. However, the rumen morphology was not affected by the diet energy and protein levels. Moreover, a low energy diet increased ruminal bacterial diversity but reduced the abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria (p < 0.05) and genus Succinivibrionaceae_uncultured (p < 0.05), which was associated with the change in ruminal fermentation phenotypes. By indicator species analysis, we found three indicator OTUs in the high energy group (Succinivibrionaceae_uncultured, Veillonellaceae_unclassified and Veillonellaceae_uncultured (p < 0.01)) and two indicator OTUs in the low energy group (Bacteroidales_norank and Lachnospiraceae_uncultured (p < 0.01)). In conclusion, these findings added new dimensions to our understanding of the diet effect on rumen microbial community and fermentation response, and are of great significance for establishing the optimal nutrient supply strategy for lambs.

High Velocity Nano Alumina Wet Milling in Zirconia and Corundum Mills

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusoff M.S. Meor ◽  
Paulus Wilfred ◽  
Muslimin Masliana
Keyword(s):  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Lattice Strain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Alumina Powder ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nano Alumina ◽  
Tangent Method

The paper presents a study on the effect of high energy milling to the crystallite size and lattice strain of α-alumina in zirconia and corundum mills. A Fritsch Pervesette 7 which has a maximum milling speed of 1100 rpm was used for this comparison. Milled samples were analyzed using the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) technique to calculate for the crystallite size using the Scherrer method while lattice strain was determined by the Tangent method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was also used to determine changes in the morphology of the alumina powder sample after the milling process. Zirconia was found to be the better abrasive material and the optimum conditions used to obtain the smallest crystallite size of 51.2 nm are milling speed and time of 1100 rpm and 180 minutes respectively.

scholarly journals Early Supplementary Feeding, Child Development, and Health Policy

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Pollitt ◽  
Se-Young Oh
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
At Risk Populations

We carried out a meta-analysis of six field studies that assessed the effects of supplementary feeding on infants’ performance on mental and motor development scales— conducted in nutritionally at-risk populations in Colombia, Guatemala, Indonesia, Jamaica, Taiwan, and the United States—which showed that early high energy and protein supplementary feeding has a beneficial effect on motor development in young infants (8–15 months old) and on both motor and mental development in older infants (1824 months old) who are nutritionally at risk. These findings provide justification for food assistance programmes targeted to young at-risk children. However, positive findings in field studies do not guarantee that similar results will be achieved by large-scale programmes, as complex bureaucracies and inadequate infrastructure are often obstacles to success.

Studies on goats: I. Effect of plane of nutrition on the reproductive performance of does

1973 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Sachdeva ◽  
O. P. S. Sengar ◽  
S. N. Singh ◽  
I. L. Lindahl
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Linseed Cake ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Almost All

SummaryThe project involved two breeds of Indian goats – Barbari and Jamunapari, three levels of energy and three levels of protein, making a total of 18 treatments. There being no specific recommendations for goats, the high, medium and low levels of energy (T.D.N.) and protein (D.C.P.) represented 125, 100 and 75% of Morrison's standard for sheep, respectively. A total of 97 Barbari and 87 Jamunapari does were allocated to the nine ration treatments and were bred within the breed naturally. The rations comprised a concentrate mixture (linseed cake and/or barley grain), dry roughage (gram bhusa), greens, mineral and trace-element mixtures and common salt. The effect of nutrition on reproductive performance, as revealed by the five and four kiddings completed in the Barbari and Jamunapari was as follows:While the first kiddings did not indicate a sizeable effect, the subsequent ones showed a significant effect of nutrition. Almost all the does in the low-energy groups, irrespective of the protein levels, did not kid for the last kidding under reference.The maximum percentage of twins was noted in high-energy-cum-high-protein (47·5%)and high-energy-cum-medium-protein (45·3%) groups of Barbari and Jamunapari respectively. The average twin-birth percentages, irrespective of nutrition, were 14·8, 37·3, 38·0 and 40·2 in Barbari and 9·0, 20·5 and 23·0 in Jamunapari respectively. Triplets, although rare, occurred within the Barbari but only one case occurred within the Jamunapari.On average Barbari and Jamunapari had 2·0 and 1·5 kids per doe per year in the high-energy-cum-medium-protein group compared with 1·0 and 0·4 in the low-energy ones, respectively. Furthermore, high- and medium-energy groups had shorter intervals between kiddings compared with the low-energy ones.

Molecular Beam Epitaxy of PbTe/EuTe Superlattices

1992 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Springholz ◽  
G. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beam Epitaxy ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Heteroepitaxial Growth ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Surface Reconstructions

ABSTRACTUsing reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), the heteroepitaxy of EuTe on PbTe (111) by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) was investigated. The resulting EuTe (111) surfaces exhibit different surface reconstructions corresponding to a Te-stabilized or a Eu-stabilized surface. We have observed perfect 2D layer-by-layer heteroepitaxial growth and RHEED intensity oscillations only for a small range of growth conditions. Using such optimum conditions, we have fabricated strained PbTe/EuTe superlattices with superior structural perfection, as shown by high resolution x-ray diffraction.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN LEVELS ON FEED INTAKE AND NUTRIENT UTILIZATION BY YANKASA LAMBS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
I. F. ADU
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Protein Group

TWENTY yearling Yankasa lambs were fed 2 levels of energy (2.4 and 2.9 ME Mcal/kg) and 2 levels of protein (11.3 and 16. 1%) under each energy level for 100 days to study the effects of feed intake, digestibility and nutrient utilization. Groundnut top hay was the basal roughage while maize, wheat bran and cotton seed cake were the energy and protein supplements in different proportions. Hay intake decreased with increase in protein level. Dry matter digestibility significantly (P/0.05) increased with increase in both energy and protein levels. Crude protein digestibility was significantly (P/0.01) affected by protein level but not by energy level. Crude fibre digestibility was depressed in the high-energy-high protein diet. The consumption of nutrients tended to be more on the high energy rations. Nitrogen retention was also significantly (P/0.05) higher on the high energy rations. Liveweight gain was highest in the low energy/high protein group (79.4g/day) and lowest in the low energy/low protein group (56.4g/day). Within each energy level, liveweight gains increased with increase in protein level. Animals fed high energy rations required more protein than those on low energy rations.

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