MODERN UNDERSTANDING OF RISK FACTORS AND PREVENTION OF BRAIN INFARCTION(LITERATURE REVIEW)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Malika Kamalova ◽  
◽  
Nodir Khaydarov ◽  
Shavka Islamov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Brain Infarction ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
High Blood Cholesterol ◽  
The World ◽  
Rehabilitation Period

Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability in the world. Statistics from Uzbekistan show that over 60,000 new strokes occur each year. At the same time, more than 160 new cases occur daily in the country. In Tashkent alone, 25-30 cases of stroke occur every day. In Tashkent alone, 25-30 strokes areobserved daily [1,7]. The main risk factors for atherothromboembolic ischemic stroke are, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking and diabetes; and the main risk factors for cardiogenic ischemic stroke are atrial fibrillation and coronary heartdisease. Strategies to reduce the frequency of strokes include the prevention of primary and secondary (repeated) stroke, as well as the rehabilitation period of patients. With a qualitative approach, the mortality and disability of patients is reduced

PREVENTION AND RISK FACTORS FOR BRAIN INFARCTION(LITERATURE REVIEW)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Malika Kamalova ◽  
◽  
Nodir Khaidarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Brain Infarction ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
High Blood Cholesterol

Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability in the world.Statistics from Uzbekistan show that over 60,000 new strokes occur each year. At the same time, more than 160 new cases occur daily in the country. In Tashkent alone, 25-30 cases of stroke occur every day. In Tashkent alone, 25-30 strokes are observed daily [1].The main risk factors for atherothromboembolic ischemic stroke are, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking and diabetes; and the main risk factors for cardiogenic ischemic stroke are atrial fibrillation and coronary heart disease.

scholarly journals Heart disease as a permanent problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
T.V. Mostepan ◽  
O.G. Shekera ◽  
V.V. Horachuk ◽  
M.M. Dolzhenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
High Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Background. Chronic noncommunicable diseases remain actual for a long time due to their impact on life expectancy and health of the world's population. Heart diseases as representatives of chronic non-infectious diseases are extremely actual. They remain the leading cause of disability and premature death for humankind. The purpose of the study: to analyze the incidence and mortality of the population from heart diseases in certain developed countries of the world, European countries, in particular in Ukraine, the risk factors that cause them, and to determine possible directions of preventive and rehabilitation strategies to improve the epidemic situation in Ukraine. Materials and methods. Data from meta-analyzes and systematic reviews from academic databases; data from state and health care statistics; methods: bibliosemantic, comparative, medical and statistical analysis, generalization. Results. It was found that the number of years lived by mankind with disabilities increased by 4.5 % over 10 years due to heart diseases. It is shown that the level of morbidity and mortality is significantly higher in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, in particular, in Ukraine, in comparison with Sweden, Great Britain, Canada, the USA and Western European countries. It was revealed that the highest levels of mortality caused by risk factors for the population of all these countries and regions are associated with High Blood Pressure, nutrition, High Blood Cholesterol, however, in terms of values, they significantly prevail in the countries of Eastern Europe, in particular, in Ukraine, with an increase over 2009 – 2019 due to High Blood Pressure – from 494.88 to 536.51 per 100 thousand people, nutrition – from 397.29 to 430.66 per 100 thousand people, High Blood Cholesterol – from 345.98 to 373.13 per 100 thousand people. The population and personal strategies for the prevention of heart diseases and rehabilitation of patients depending on the clinical condition in Ukraine have been substantiated. Conclusions. The impact of heart diseases on the population health is constantly increasing. It confirms the permanence of the problem and requires constant attention and effective measures from the governments of countries and health systems.

scholarly journals The impact of obesity on cardiovascular disease risk factor

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
The World

Obesity has emerged as the most potential cardiovascular risk factor and has raised concern among public and their health related issues not only in developed but also in developing countries. The Worldwide obesity occurrence has almost has gone three times since 1975. Research suggests there are about 775 million obese people in the World including adult, children, and adolescents. Nearly 50% of the children who are obese and overweight in Asia in are below 5 years. There is a steep incline of childhood obesity when compared to 1971 which is not only in developed countries but also in developing countries. A considerable amount of weight gain occurs during the transition phase from adolescence to young adulthood. It is also suggested that those adultswho were obese in childhood also remained obese in their adulthood with a higher metabolic risk than those who became obese in their adulthood. In India, the urban Indian female in the age group of 30-45 years have emerged as an 〝at risk population” for cardiovascular diseases. To understand how obesity can influence cardiovascular function, it becomes immense important to understand the changes which can take place in adipose tissue due to obesity. There are two proposed concepts explaining the inflammatory status of macrophage. The predominant cause of insulin resistance is obesity. Epidemiological and research studies have indicated that the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic dysfunction involves the development of a systemic, low-grade inflammatory state. It is becoming clear that targeting the pro-inflammatory pathwaymay provide a novel therapeutic approach to prevent insulin resistance, particularly in obesity inducedinsulin resistance. Some cost effective interventions that are feasible by all and can be implemented even in low-resource settings includes - population-wide and individual, which are recommended to be used in combination to reduce the greatest cardiovascular disease burden. The sixth target in the Global NCD action plan is to reduce the prevalence of hypertension by 25%. Reducing the incidence of hypertension by implementing population-wide policies to educe behavioral risk factors. Reducing cigarette smoking, body weight, blood pressure, blood cholesterol, and blood glucose all have a beneficial impact on major biological cardiovascular risk factors. A variety of lifestyle modifications have been shown, in clinical trials, to lower bloodpressure, includes weight loss, physical activity, moderation of alcohol intake, increased fresh fruit and vegetables and reduced saturated fat in the diet, reduction of dietary sodium intake, andincreased potassium intake. Also, trials of reduction of saturated fat and its partial replacement by unsaturated fats have improved dyslipidaemia and lowered risk of cardiovascular events. This initiative driven by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, State Governments, Indian Council of Medical Research and the World Health Organization are remarkable. The Government of India has adopted a national action plan for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) with specific targets to be achieved by 2025, including a 25% reduction inoverall mortality from cardiovascular diseases, a 25% relative reduction in the prevalence of raised blood pressure and a 30% reduction in salt/sodium intake. In a nutshell increased BMI values can predict the nature of obesity and its aftermaths in terms inflammation and other disease associated with obesity. It’s high time; we must realize it and keep an eye on health status in order to live long and healthy life.

scholarly journals Factors associated with 90-day acute ischemic stroke in patients ≥70 years old with total hip arthroplasty for hip fracture

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui He ◽  
Guoyou Wang ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Huarui Shen ◽  
LijuanZhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract Background Postoperative ischemic stroke is a devastating complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of the current study was to investigate the incidence of postoperative acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients ≥70 years old with THA for hip fracture after 90 days and independent risk factors associated with 90-day AIS. Methods A multicenter retrospective study was conducted, patients ≥70 years old with THA for hip fracture under general anesthesia were included from February 2017 to March 2020. Patients with AIS within 90 days after THA were identified as AIS group; patients with no AIS were identified as no AIS group. The baseline characteristics and risk factors were collected, multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors of 90-dayAIS. Results: 2517 patients (mean age 76.18 ± 6.01) were eligible for inclusion in the study. 2.50% (63/2517) of patients had 90-day AIS. Compared with no AIS, older age, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation (AF) and higher D-dimer value were more likely in patients with AIS (P < 0.05), and anticoagulant use was fewer in patients with AIS. ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cut point of D-dimer for AIS was D-dimer≥4.12 μg/ml. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that D-dimer≥4.12 μg/ml [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 4.44; confidence interval (CI), 2.50–7.72; P < 0.001], older age (aOR, 1.08; 95%CI, 1.03–1.12; P < 0.001), hyperlipidemia (aOR, 2.28; 95%CI, 1.25–4.16; P = 0.007), atrial fibrillation (aOR, 5.84; 95% CI, 1.08–15.68; P = 0.001), and diabetes (aOR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.56–4.39; P < 0.001) were associated with increased risk of 90-day AIS after THA. Conclusions In conclusion, we found that the incidence of 90-day AIS in patients≥70 years old with THA for hip fracture was 2.5%. Older age, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, AF and higher D-dimer value were independent risk factors for 90-day AIS in patients≥70 years old with THA for hip fracture.

scholarly journals The Effect of Oxymel Syrup on Some Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese People: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Mahdavi Roshan ◽  
Arsalan Salari ◽  
Sogol Emaminejad ◽  
Shirin Parvinroo ◽  
Asieh Ashouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Test Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese People

High blood pressure, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and obesity are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. With regard to the significant role of a healthy diet in the prevention and even treatment of diseases together with the high cost and side effects of drugs, finding foods effective in the treatment of metabolic disorders has been widely considered. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oxymel – an Iranian traditional syrup with vinegar base – on cardiovascular risk indicators in obese and overweight people. Candidates were selected based on a set of inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups of control and test. The control group received 250 cc of water, while the test group received 250 cc water containing 30 cc of the oxymel for 30 days. Anthropometric and biochemical indicators were measured at the beginning and end of the study. The results showed that there were no significant changes in the body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist to hip ratio, HDL, LDL, Triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and blood glucose level. However, weight (P = 0.053) and cholesterol (P = 0.083) decreased relatively significantly in the test group compared to the control group. This study shows that consumption of oxymel has positive cardiovascular effects such as lowering the blood cholesterol level and can contribute to weight loss; however, studies with a larger sample size are recommended.

scholarly journals The burden of disease preventable by risk factor reduction in Serbia

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Sipetic ◽  
Vesna Bjegovic-Mikanovic ◽  
Hristina Vlajinac ◽  
Jelena Marinkovic ◽  
Slavenka Jankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
High Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Avoidable Risk

Background/Aim. Reliable and comparable analysis of health risks is an important component of evidence-based and preventive programs. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the most relevant avoidable risk factors on the burden of the selected conditions in Serbia. Methods. Attributable fractions were calculated from the survey information on the prevalence of a risk factor and the relative risk of dying if exposed to a risk factor. The population-attributable risks were applied to deaths, years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL), years of life with disability (YLD) and disability adjusted life years (DALY). Results. More than 40% of all deaths and of the total YLL are attributable to cigarette smoking, overweight, physical inactivity, inadequate intake of fruit and vegetables, hypertension and high blood cholesterol. Alcohol consumption has in total a beneficial effect. According to the percent of DALY for the selected conditions attributable to the observed risk factors, their most harmful effects are as follows: alcohol consumption on road traffic accidents; cigarette smoking on lung cancer; physical inactivity on cerebrovascular disease (CVD), ischemic heart disease (IHD) and colorectal cancer; overweight on type 2 diabetes; hypertension on renal failure and CVD; inadequate intake of fruit and vegetables on IHD and CVD, and high blood cholesterol on IHD. Conclusions. This study shows that a high percentage of disease and injury burden in Serbia is attributable to avoidable risk factors, which emphasizes the need for improvement of relevant preventive strategies and programs at both individual and population levels. Social preferences should be determined for a comprehensive set of conditions and cost effectiveness analyses of potential interventions should be carried out. Furthermore, positive measures, derived from health, disability and quality of life surveys, should be included.

Abstract TP120: Plasma D-dimer Level and Cerebral Infarction Volume in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Matsumoto ◽  
Manabu Sakaguchi ◽  
Shuhei Okazaki ◽  
Shigetaka Furukado ◽  
Masafumi Tagaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Nihss Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Infarction Volume ◽  
D Dimer

Introduction and Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between plasma D-dimer level at admission and infarct size in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients. Methods: We identified 124 patients with consecutive ischemic stroke and NVAF who were admitted within 48 hours of symptom onset. We measured infarction volume from CT taken after 3±1 days from the onset. Relationships were analysed between infarction volume, risk factors, preadmission medications and admission conditions. We also assessed the functional outcome by tertile of D-dimer level (≦ 0.83, 0.83-2.16, ≧ 2.16 μg/mL) in patients with preadmission modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-1. Results: Infarction volume significantly correlated with D-dimer level (r=0.309, p < 0.001) (Figure 1), systolic blood pressure (r=0.201, p=0.026), diastolic blood pressure (r=0.283, p=0.002), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission (r=0.546, p < 0.001) and mRS score at discharge (r=0.557, p<0.001). Multivariate regression analyses showed that the D-dimer level was significantly associated with infarction volume (p=0.043) after adjustment with known risk factors. In patients with a preadmission mRS score of 0-1 patients (n=108), D-dimer level was significantly associated with NIHSS score at admission (r=0.318, p<0.001) and mRS score at discharge (r=0.310, p=0.001).Significant difference existed among tertiles (p = 0.003)(Figure 2). Conclusions: Plasma D-dimer level on admission is significantly related to infarction volume and functional outcome, following cardioembolic stroke in NVAF patients.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Undergoing Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Gi Kim ◽  
Jaemin Shim ◽  
Suk-Kyu Oh ◽  
Kwang-No Lee ◽  
Jong-Il Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation

scholarly journals Atrial fibrillation risk factors in patients with ischemic stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Paweł Wańkowicz ◽  
Przemysław Nowacki ◽  
Monika Gołąb-Janowska
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorders

IntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart arrhythmia. The condition is known to increase the risk of ischemic stroke (IS). Classical risk factors for the development of AF include advanced age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease and lipid metabolism disorders. Importantly, these are also recognized risk factors for ischemic stroke. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate AF risk factors in patients with IS.Material and methodsThis is single-centre retrospective study which included 696 patients with acute ischemic stroke and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and 1678 patients with acute ischemic stroke without atrial fibrillation.ResultsIn this study we found – based on a univariable and multivariable logistic regression model – that compared to the patients with IS without AF, the group of patients which suffered from IS with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) had a higher proportion of patients who smoked cigarettes (OR = 15.742, p < 0.01; OR = 41.1, p < 0.01), had hypertension (OR = 5.161, p < 0.01; OR = 5.666, p < 0.01), history of previous stroke (OR = 3.951, p < 0.01; OR = 4.792, p < 0.01), dyslipidemia (OR = 2.312, p < 0.01; OR = 1.592, p < 0.01), coronary heart disease (OR = 2.306, p < 0.01; OR = 1.988, p < 0.01), a greater proportion of female patients (OR = 1.717, p < 0.01; OR = 2.095, p < 0.01), higher incidence of diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.341, p < 0.01; OR = 1.261, p = 0.106) and more patients in old age (OR = 1.084, p < 0.01; OR = 1.101, p < 0.01).ConclusionsOur study demonstrates a need for thorough and systematic monitoring of post-ischemic stroke patients in whom AF has not been detected and who display other important risk factors. Regardless of the stroke, these factors may be responsible for development of AF.

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