PROBLEMS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES IN THE SYSTEM OF GOVERNANCE IN TURKESTAN (on the example of the Fergana regional police)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Zafarbek Abdullayev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Red Army

This article discusses the activities of the police and the «Volunteer Police» in Turkestan in 1924, in particular in the Fergana region, the disruptions in their economic and financial supply, the reduction in the number of police, the allocation of funds and food security problems. It also provides information on the activities of the workers ‘and peasants’ militia in the early years of Soviet power, namely that there were two types of militiamen: state, mainly city militiamen, and volunteer militia. It is noted that the provision of police volunteers is the responsibility of the local population, which, in turn, has a certain «response» in the protection of law and order, the protection of state interests among the population.Index Terms: police, workers and peasants police, Soviet government, “Volunteer police”, supply, “Two weeks of aid”, army, Revolutionary Committee, Red Army, printing, illiteracy

scholarly journals State Terror in the Western Ukrainian Lands as a Method of Establishment of Soviet Power

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
Leonid MISINKEVYCH
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
State Terror ◽  
Catholic Clergy ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Western Ukraine

The course of historical events is studied with regard to the reunification of Western Ukraine with Soviet Ukraine. The formation of the foundations of the new state-political and territorial system with the formation of new regions of Western Ukraine is shown. The characteristics of the most important regulations on the formation of law enforcement agencies of the Soviet government and their repressive actions on the territory of the region are given. The first repressive actions were directed against the Polish servicemen and the members of counter-revolutionary, espionage organizations, the former landowners, the manufacturers, the Polish officers, the officials, and the defectors, who were at the prisons in the western regions of Ukraine. The activities of Ukrainian political parties were banned. The activity of «Prosvita», Taras Shevchenko Scientific Society was stopped and the work of cultural and educational institutions, theaters, philharmonics, museums was reorganized. The policy of forced collectivization, nationalization of the industrial enterprises, the banks was tracked on the basis of the research materials. There were four waves of deportations during the 1939–1940 years, when not only the Polish settlers and Polish civil servants of local self-government but also a group of Ukrainian foresters, members of public, political, nationalist organizations, entrepreneurs, merchants, wealthy peasants were deported. The priests of various denominations, members of the OUN underground did not escape deportation and repression. It is stated that the victorious conclusion of the war with Germany promoted realization of administrative measures to restore the Soviet power in the western Ukrainian lands. The edge of mass repression is directed against the Ukrainian bourgeois nationalists. The mass inspections were introduced under the guise of registration and population censuses. The repressive politics aims to fight the Greek Catholic clergy of the region. Strengthening the struggle against politically unreliable intelligentsia, students, Western Ukrainian literary and artistic elite, and members of Lviv organization of the Union of Soviet Writers of Ukraine is substantiated. Repressive bodies had a special attention to the assessment of the political views of the scientific and pedagogical workers of Lviv universities and the pupils of M. Hrushevskyi.

METHODOLOGICAL CONCEPTS OF ENSURING THE PUBLIC SECURITY AND ORDER DURING MASS EVENTS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrii Melnyk ◽  
◽  
Mykola Gutsuliak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Relevant Field ◽  
National Police ◽  
Mass Events

The conceptual aspects of ensuring the public safety and order during mass events in accordance with the implemented methodology of the National Police of Ukraine in the field of the realization of citizens’ rights to peaceful assembly have been analyzed in this article. The peculiarities of the organization of the activity of the police bodies and subunits within the limits of the joint performance of tasks concerning the maintenance of law and order have been defined. The main ways and methods of using police forces and means while preventing and stopping the offenses during peaceful assemblies have been analyzed for compliance with the national legislation. The authors have also compared some tactical methods used by the law enforcement agencies of Ukraine and those that are adopted from the European practice of policing and, accordingly, specified in the departmental regulations governing the relevant field of the professional duties. The statements, suggested in this scientific article, are based on the results of the interviews with the leadership of the National Police bodies and subunits that directly implement the tasks of the ensuring public safety and order during mass events and have been trained by the European Union Advisory Mission in Ukraine aiming to form a new model of securing the public order [1].

Criminal justice in the middlebrow imagination: The punitive dimensions of Making a Murderer

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel LaChance ◽  
Paul Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Crime And Punishment

Popular documentary representations of crime and punishment have traditionally tended to fall into two camps: programs that are critical of law enforcement agencies and those that are sympathetic to them. In this article, we show how programs that present themselves as critical of legal authorities can nonetheless reinforce the “law and order punitivism” that underlay the ratcheting up of harsh punishment in the late 20th century. In a case study of the popular documentary miniseries Making a Murderer, we show how this can happen when texts fetishize the question of a criminal defendant’s innocence, adopt a “good versus evil” approach to players in the criminal justice system, and perpetuate a procedural rather than substantive vision of justice. Arguments are supported by a close reading of Making a Murderer and illustrated by a line of discussion it inspired in an internet forum.

Arrest-Conviction Barriers of Narcotic Law Enforcement Officers

1998 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis J. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
War On Drugs ◽  
Sociological Imagination ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Advanced Education ◽  
Service Training

To study the barriers of narcotic arrest-conviction rates, 255 narcotic officers were surveyed. It was argued that in-service training and advanced education among narcotic law enforcement officers was the major factor influencing narcotic arrest-conviction rates. While the data showed the hypothesis was supported, it showed that a lack of cooperation between law enforcement agencies, inadequate equipment/technology, and inexperienced prosecutors were greater predictors of arrest-conviction rates than well trained, educated officers. One implication of these findings is that the very nature of narcotic enforcement fosters a contradiction of law and order producing officer alienation. Further, narcotic officers fail to view themselves as part of a larger social structure furthering the sociological imagination perspective. One recommendation is that a state narcotic agency outside local jurisdiction be created to enforce all drug violations. Further research should be conducted concerning narcotic officer corruption and the war on drugs.

Analysis of Legislative Supply of Informational and Informational– Analytical Activities of National Police of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Svіatoslav Senyk
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
European Community ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Important Criterion ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Police

In the article a number of Laws of Ukraine are analysed, which are the basis for the development of sub-normative legal acts in the field of informational and informational–analytical activities of the National Police of Ukraine, in order to establish a connection between the legal norms and the social relations that are regulated. It is accordingly one of the aspects that will contribute to achieving the highest possible level of law and order in society. As a result of the research, the underlying Laws and Derivatives (Laws based on the fundamental and specific provisions) in this area have been identified. It is proven that realisation and strict observance of the considered legislative norms in the field of informational and informational–analytical support of the activities of the National Police of Ukraine will help to bring the standards of this type of activity to the relevant standards of law enforcement bodies of European states, to ensure effective interaction between separate units of both the National Police of Ukraine, and between the National Police and other law enforcement agencies of Ukraine and European states, and it will also help to build the trust of the European community in the activities of the National Police, which is an extremely important criterion for assessing the activities of law enforcement agencies in Ukraine.

scholarly journals International experience of ensuring discipline and legality in law enforcement bodies

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Kobzar ◽  
Serhiy Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
National Space ◽  
Proper Functioning ◽  
The World ◽  
National Police

The article analyzes the international experience of functioning of bodies and institutions ensuring observance of discipline and law and order in law enforcement bodies, the corresponding data are compared with functioning of inspections on personnel of department of personnel of National police of Ukraine and, on the basis of the received information. In different countries of the world, control bodies are called differently, and in the system of the National Police of Ukraine, there are several such bodies, one of which is the inspection of personnel, but, in turn, the author proposes to investigate the functioning of disciplinary bodies and legality in law enforcement agencies in the world, as this positive experience can make it possible to optimize the functioning of the institution in the national space. International experience of the relevant processes is characterized by various features that set out the essence and importance of discipline and legality in the activities of law enforcement agencies. The issue of using international experience in improving the functioning of institutions that ensure discipline and legality in law enforcement is one of the most important. From the proper functioning of law enforcement agencies, first of all, depends on the level of human and civil rights and freedoms in each state where they exist. Based on a survey of the concept of discipline and legality, as well as determining its importance in the law enforcement system, analyzing the international experience of ensuring discipline and legality by relevant bodies in law enforcement agencies, namely the police and identifying, based on analysis, the main methods of achieving appropriate bodies set goals, the authors identified the relevant conclusions.

scholarly journals "Release 10 Billion": On the Issue of Financing Soviet Holidays and Anniversaries

2020 ◽  
pp. 529-539
Author(s):  
Elena V. Barysheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Red Army

The article, based on the materials of the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History and the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, explores the history of financing Soviet state holidays, beginning with the first anniversaries of the October Revolution. The Bolsheviks, realizing the importance of public holidays as an effective tool for legitimizing Soviet power and promoting new spiritual values, allocated significant amounts for their organization even during the economically difficult period of the Civil War. In the early years of the Soviet power, the decoration of cities and demonstrations was rather ascetic, and the money allocated for the holidays was to be used to maintain the authority among the Red Army soldiers. Later, the decoration of cities for the festivities on November 7 and May 1 became more varied. Preparation began in advance, decoration of cities and columns of workers was paid for by the city and district party organizations and by the trade unions. In 1925, among the anniversaries that were planned on a grand scale, was the 20th anniversary of the 1905 Revolution. The article shows how the issue of its financing was resolved. Subsequently, the economic support of festive events, primarily on November 7 and May 1, was assigned to the enterprises. At the same time, the question of expediency of such significant expenses on decorating cities, holiday stands, and columns of workers has been repeatedly raised not only by the holiday organizers, but also by the demonstrations participants. They said that some institutions and senior executives got carried away by enthusiasm for anniversaries, ceremonies, and banquets. The Decree of the Politburo of the Central Committee “On Anniversaries” (1928) peremptorily prohibited organization of anniversaries and celebrations without special permission. In 1938, the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks “On Prevention of Spending Unnecessary Funds in Celebrating May 1, 1938” finally determined the procedure and sources of financing of the Soviet state holidays. This Decision became the basis for all subsequent decisions on financing holiday events.

scholarly journals Towards a Single Government Approach via Further Consolidation of Law and Order in Estonia, with Domestic Violence as an Example

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 104-116
Author(s):  
Raul Narits ◽  
Silvia Kaugia ◽  
Iris Pettai
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Special Interests ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Positive Nature

An appropriate ‘solution pattern’ for social problems in a state based on the rule of law entails the existence of corresponding legislative regulations. The solution should be approved at the level of a law as a legislative act of supreme juridical power. A solution created at that level would fully correspond to the principle of rule of law and also minimise the possibility of socalled departmental special interests prevailing, in recognition that this danger accompanies efforts toward the solution of every multifaceted problem. The authors find that, since Estonia already possesses relatively extensive experience in legislative consolidation for various aspects of the society’s reality, with most of this experience being of a positive nature, it would be a most welcome development if the issue of DV were to be included in the current process of consolidation under the auspices of the project Towards the Development of Better Legislation. Legislative drafting is stimulated by the perception of acute social problems and of a need to regulate them by legislative means. Results from 2014 and 2017 surveys show that Estonia’s legal practitioners perceive DV as a problem the causes of which demand research and whose victims require help. Most legal practitioners surveyed encountered DV in their day-to-day work, with prosecutors and police detectives bearing the heaviest burden: it consumed nearly one third of their work hours. A serious problem was identified in prejudice and stereotypes, which yield an oversimplified and distorted image of the actual causes of DV, in which the victim frequently is considered responsible. Both the general population and legal practitioners widely share the erroneous impression that the victims could avoid violence through ‘appropriate conduct’. Such stereotypic attitudes wherein victims are considered partially to blame for violence can obstruct the work of law-enforcement agencies. While the idea of a special law on DV found support and scepticism in roughly equal measure, support for it increased significantly when respondents judged the concrete opportunities and solutions offered by such a law. These legal practitioners perceived numerous bottlenecks and unsolved problems in relation to the existing legislative regulation and legal practice, which one would expect to be overcome through a special law on DV. The authors conclude from the survey-based findings that Estonia’s legal practitioners demonstrate considerable anticipation for a law on DV. The participants in the surveys also perceived an increasing need for co-operation with law-enforcement agencies in this regard – i.e., for concentrating on collaboration within this domain. However, the authors consider it undoubtedly important also to increase the involvement of specialists in the DV field: victim support services, staff of women’s shelters, and municipal social workers. 

scholarly journals Способы и этапы комплектования музейного фонда: законная экспроприация в Советской России (1917–1920-е годы)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.E. Rybak
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Art Collections ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Starting Point

Статья посвящена особенностям комплектования государственного музейного фонда в первые годы советской власти. Методологию составили историко-правовой, формально-юридический методы, метод юридического толкования. Материалами явились нормативные акты советской власти, архивные документы, исследования юристов и историков права. Изучены национализация банковской сферы, передача культурных ценностей Украине, Польше и Литве. Исследованы вопросы комплектования музеев за счет изъятого церковного имущества. Проанализированы отдельные нормативные акты о национализации крупных собраний культурных ценностей и уникальных произведений искусства. Рассмотрены полномочия Наркомпроса, связанные с обращением культурных ценностей в пользу государства. Сделан вывод о том, что массовый экспорт этих ценностей, производившийся после 1922 г., способствовал возникновению лакун в собраниях музеев, что привело к перераспределению ценностей по структуре музейной сети, которое продолжалось в 1930-е гг. и позднее.The article is devoted to the study of the features of the acquisition of the state museum fund in the early years of Soviet power. The methodology included historical legal, formal legal methods, a method of legal interpretation combined with a set of methods used in historical science. The materials were the regulatory acts of the Soviet government issued in the period from 1917 to 1922 and related to the expropriation of cultural and other values, archival materials, studies of lawyers and historians of law. The starting point of the study was a detailed analysis of the definitions of forms and methods of expropriation of property, common in the early years of Soviet power. The factography of the events that make up the stages of the nationalization of the banking sector is disclosed, the actions of the Bolshevik leadership aimed at revising banking cells, mastering the reserves of precious metals are examined in detail. The transfer of cultural property to Ukraine, Poland, and Lithuania, which took place in the first years of Soviet power, was studied, and the range of values subject to such transfer was identified. The first steps of the Soviet government related to the acquisition of museums at the expense of seized church property are investigated, the categories of this property are determined, and the procedure for determining its value is considered. The content of individual regulatory acts on the nationalization of large collections of cultural property and unique works of art, in particular, art galleries, conservatories, private art collections, estates, individual valuable paintings, etc., has been studied in detail. The measures of the Soviet state on the nationalization of musical workshops, theater and circus property are described in sequence. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of the powers of the Peoples Commissariat for Education in matters related to the turning of cultural property into the property of the state. The mechanisms of alienation of objects of art in the case of careless treatment or in the absence of proper protection are examined, measures regarding the registration of objects of art are analyzed. The actions of the state to identify objects of art that could be used for export purposes are analyzed. The author concludes that the massive sale of cultural property abroad, done after 1922, led to the appearance of gaps in museum collections. This caused a redistribution of values along the structure of the museum network, which continued into the 1930s and beyond.

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