scholarly journals Investments in the Sharing Economy and their Impact on the Employment Structural Changes

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 128-148
Author(s):  
G. M. Galeeva ◽  
L Kh. Ishtiryakova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Collaborative Consumption ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
The Impact

The article examines topical issues related to structural changes in employment in the Russian economy, due to the intensive development of the sharing economy. The aim of the study is to systematize disparate knowledge in assessing the impact of investments in the sharing economy on the employment structure, providing an understanding of the labor market, which is influenced by transformation processes in consumption patterns and factors of digitalization of the economy, as well as to develop recommendations for improving state policy in the field of employment. Based on the methods of theoretical research (analysis and synthesis, generalization), the authors reviewed scientific literature and information from various sources, identified the main elements characterizing the model of collaborative consumption, considered by various researchers and online platforms. The study highlights the scientific concepts and approaches to the definition of the sharing economy, including the concept of a shared economy; collaborative economy as well as access-based consumption (to resources); network interaction; commercial exchange systems. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the authors show how investments in the further development of the infrastructure of the sharing economy, including the development of digital online platforms, lead to an increase in the number of employers and workers by removing barriers and reducing transaction costs. The authors propose recommendations for solving employment issues: to form a system for measuring the sharing economy and accounting for it in official statistics; provide a regulatory framework for the functioning of digital platforms; ensure the privacy of personal data and the safety of citizens participating in the sharing economy. It was concluded that the implementation of the proposed measures will have a positive impact on the Russian labor market and increase the investment attractiveness of the most important sectors of the sharing economy

Evaluating the return on religious capital in the Russian labor market

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1671-1694
Author(s):  
R.M. Mel'nikov
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Church Attendance ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Religious Capital ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The article addresses the impact of religious confession on wages and the likelihood of unemployment in Russia. Objectives. The aim is to test the hypothesis that religious faith and high church attendance are accompanied by an increase in employment earnings. Methods. Using the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey data, I estimate the Mincer's extended equation with variables that characterize the respondent’s religious commitment. To assess the impact of religious identity and the activity rate of attendance at religious services on the likelihood of unemployment and life satisfaction, I use probit models. Results. The estimates demonstrate that the Russian labor market rewards men with moderate and high degree of religious commitment; their wage growth reaches seventeen percent of the level of non-believers with comparable education and work experience. However, faithful Muslim women are employed in the lowest paid areas. Religious faith and regular church attendance have a positive effect on satisfaction with life (significant for Orthodox Christian women). Conclusions. Positive impact of religious capital on income and employment can be attributed to the development of business qualities that are rewarded in the labor market, the mutual support of religious network participants. Therefore, it possible to consider religious capital, along with educational capital and health capital, as a component of human capital and a factor of socio-economic development.

Principles for sharing economy formation in the digital society

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 800-821
Author(s):  
E.V. Popov ◽  
K.A. Semyachkov
Keyword(s):  
Network Effects ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Network Effect ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Digital Society ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The article addresses economic relations that are formed in various areas of economic application of digital platforms. The target of the research is the modern economy of digital platforms across different economic activities. Objectives. The aim is to systematize principles for share economy formation in the context of the digital society development. Methods. We employ general scientific methods of research. Results. The study shows that the development of digital platforms is one of the most important trends in the development of the modern economy. We classified certain characteristic features of modern digital platforms, analyzed principles for their creation. The paper emphasizes that the network effects achieved through the use of digital platforms are an important factor in the development of the share economy. The network effect describes the impact of the number of the platform users on the value created for each of them. The paper also considers differences in the organization of traditional economy companies and companies that are based on the digital platform model, reveals specifics of changes in socio-economic systems caused by the development of digital platforms, systematizes principles of the sharing economy formation in the context of the digital society development. Conclusions. The analyzed principles for sharing economy development on the basis of digital platforms can be applied to create models for the purpose of forecasting the transformation of economic activity in the post-industrial society.

O Direito do Trabalho (des)conectado nas plataformas digitais

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-266
Author(s):  
Murilo Carvalho Sampaio Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conditions Of Work

RESUMO:Este artigo trata dos impactos das plataformas digitais no Direito do Trabalho, tomando como exemplo sintomático o padrão da plataforma Uber. Inicia discutindo o cenário da economia digital e suas transformações nos modos de organizar a atividade empresarial, caracterizando a disrupção destas tecnologias e examinando criticamente se tais inovações situam-se realmente no discurso de economia do compartilhamento. Adiante, aborda as condições fáticas das plataformas de trabalho, questionando a dimensão formal-jurídica de liberdade e a condição econômica de hipossuficiência. Examina o caso da Uber como paradigma do modelo de organização empresarial desta economia digital e a situação dos seus motoristas tidos como parceiros para, ao final, pontuar algumas conclusões a cerca da necessidade do Direito Trabalho estar conectado com essas novas relações sociaisABSTRACT:This article deals with the impact of digital platforms in Labor Law, taking as a symptomatic example the standards of the Uber platform. It begins by discussing the the digital economy scenario and its transformations in the way business activity organize itself, characterizing the disruption of these technologies and critically examining whether such innovations are really part of the sharing economy speech. Hereinafter, it addresses the factual conditions of work platforms, questioning the formal-legal dimension of freedom and the economic condition of hypo-sufficiency. It examines the case of Uber as a paradigm of a business model organization in the digital economy and the situation of its drivers, taken as partners in order to, in the end of it, point some conclusions about the need of Labor Law to be connected with these new social relationships.

scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of emigration on the origin economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Remeikienė ◽  
Ligita Gasparėnienė
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Training ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Monetary Transfers ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Our article concentrates to the main aim – to assess the impact of emigration on an origin economy. This topic was chosen because the theoretical research has disclosed that the positive impact of emigration usually manifests through monetary transfers to a native country while the negative impact mainly emerges as a reduction in the labour force, which, in its turn, causes deterioration of a country’s demographic and economic situation. It has been found that the growing flows of emigration significantly reduce Lithuanian population and cause “brain drain”. High emigration rates also have a negative impact on Lithuanian national economy, in particular, its unemployment rate (the opposite effect). To reduce the rates of emigration from the country, Lithuania must develop and improve such ALPM’s elements as combination of work and dual vocational training, targeted selection of the industries for arrangement of an apprenticeship, manual training, dual vocational training and workplace training, segmentation of the unemployed by the indications of employment impediment, individual work with the unemployed to restore their basic skills (motivation, practice, health improvement), vocational guidance of young people (students) and early involvement of students into the labour market by combining studies and work.

New Trends in the Professional Training of Young People in the Modern Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (60) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saule Kaliyeva ◽  
Elvira Buitek ◽  
Marziya Мeldakhanova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Technological Factor ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Labor Resources

The transformation of the importance of vocational education and training, the determining the development trajectories occur due to the structural changes that are under the influence of technological factor changes. Especially, digitalization, automation, robotics, the artificial intelligence, the transition to industry 4.0, the changing nature of consumer demand directly affect the restructuring of the labor market. The listed factors accelerate the development of new professions in demanded areas and the disappearance of outdated ones, they stimulate the improvement of needed skills and meet the modern requirements from employers for educationalщl programs. The purpose of research paper is to identify the new trends in the training of competitive young employees, taking into account the conditions of digitalization of economy The research methodology includes general scientific and theoretical research methods. Methods of tabular representation of data is used as statistical tool. Originality of the research is that It is relevant and necessary to develop new model of training young specialists, involving the implementation of educational, research, innovative and entrepreneurial, spiritual and moral activities that meet modern trends. Authors carried out the analysis of the level and quality of training of national personnel in terms of ensuring the future needs of the labor market of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the conditions of digitalization of economy. It includes the factors affecting the reproduction of competitive national personnel and their provision with high-quality jobs, identifying new trends in the training and retraining of professional personnel and improving their skills, examining the features of training competitive national personnel in the system of ensuring the balance of labor resources and jobs.  The paper was prepared within the grant project of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan AP09260584 «Employment restructuration in Kazakhstan in terms of social and economic tensions».

The impact of nostalgic emotion on brand trust and brand attachment

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1118-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Wen ◽  
Tong Qin ◽  
Raymond R. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Brand Trust ◽  
Brand Attachment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to make up the deficiency of theoretical research in nostalgic marketing and is helpful for the original theories of brand marketing and experiential marketing to deepen further. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses the approach of the empirical study. Based on the literature review, a theoretical model of the impact of nostalgic emotion (NE) on brand trust and brand attachment is constructed and corresponding research hypotheses are proposed. Then nostalgia-themed restaurants are selected to complete a questionnaire survey, and SPSS22.0 and LISREL8.70 are used for data analysis and hypothesis testing. Findings The results of the paper show that NE consists of four dimensions in the context of China: atmosphere nostalgia, interpersonal nostalgia, family nostalgia and personal nostalgia. Among these, NE has a significant positive impact on brand trust and brand attachment; further, brand trust has a significant positive impact on brand attachment and plays a partial mediating role in the impact of NE on the latter. Research limitations/implications As the nostalgic restaurant industry is the research object, the theoretical model described here may be limited to this specific industry. The potential applicability of the theoretical model to other service industries requires further study. Practical implications The results of the paper are helpful in building a good nostalgic experience, increasing consumer trust in restaurant brands, and strengthening the connection between NE and restaurant brand reconstruction. Social implications The results of the paper on the impact of NE on brand trust and brand attachment provide a referential basis and guide for services’ companies (e.g. restaurants) to revitalize the services’ brands. Originality/value The first contribution is that NE scale is constructed for the nostalgia-themed restaurants. The second contribution is that the paper reveals the mechanism of the impact of NE on brand trust and brand attachment.

scholarly journals The Lebanese Perception of the Impact of Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) on the National Economy

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassam Charif Hamdar ◽  
Rana Najjar ◽  
Kamel Karameh
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Basic Study ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Small Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

<p class="Default"><em>Over the years, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) have been very significant to the economic development of most developing and developed countries. It is a major form of business and a major employer with a strong positive impact on the economic growth and labor market in Lebanon. </em></p><p class="Default"><em>This paper researches the impact of SMEs on the Lebanese labor market and Lebanese economy. Furthermore, the importance of SMEs, and the challenges facing the sector and makes recommendations as to how to resolve these challenges.</em></p><p class="Default"><em>The data was collected through a questionnaire, and several literature, publications and reports.</em></p><p class="Default"><em>Based on past researches and studies there is a relation between SMEs and job creation in addition to the vital role they play in a nation’s economy.</em></p><p class="Default"><em>This is a basic study to show the impact and importance of SMEs. Recommendations are made for governments to encourage the entrepreneurial spirit and in collaboration with banks to facilitate access to credit to ensure the growth, development and continuation of SMEs. Furthermore, owners and employees of SMEs should be provided with a skill acquisition program to boost their skills, and to ensure the development of both employees and the business. </em></p>

scholarly journals The impact of practical entrepreneurship project on future entrepreneurial intentions

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tshilidzi Eric Nenzhelele ◽  
Nthabiseng Violet Moraka ◽  
Kopano Kalvyn More
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Experiential Learning ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
The Body ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harsh Reality

The recurrent struggle of seeking employment and the saturated labor market is a harsh reality in the lives of many university students. Entrepreneurship is arguably the most effective contributor to employment and economic growth. However, very few entrepreneurship graduates start businesses immediately after graduation. Moreover, while academic institutions invest in developing entrepreneurship curriculum and extending the body of knowledge, little is invested in practical programs. There is, therefore, a need to practically teach entrepreneurship. This research was aimed at establishing the impact of practical entrepreneurship project on future entrepreneurial intentions of students. The research was quantitative in nature and a questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The research found that the practical entrepreneurship project had a positive impact on the future entrepreneurial intentions of the students. The sample for the survey reported in this article included 25 participants across various career fields. Keywords: entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial intentions, experiential learning, practical entrepreneurship project, student business initiative challenge. JEL Classification: L26

scholarly journals The Impact of Informatization of Society on the Labor Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3Sup1) ◽  
pp. 155-167
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Yashchyk ◽  
◽  
Valentyna Shevchenko ◽  
Viktoriia Kiptenko ◽  
Oleksandra Razumova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Information And Computer Technology ◽  
Cloud Technologies ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the transformation of the labor market under the influence of informatization of society. It is noted that in the conditions of globalization and informatization of the nowadays a post-industrial society has been formed, in which information is a determining factor of production. New opportunities and challenges of the labor market in the conditions of information society development are analyzed. The informatization of society changes the conditions, nature and forms of work. Extensive digitalization, the use of cloud technologies and artificial intelligence systems are displacing traditional forms of employment towards teleworking, which makes workers more mobile and able to optimize working hours. It is established that the spread of technology increases the efficiency of the recruitment and searching job processes. Informatization of society contributes to the creation of a digital labor market, which forms the demand and supply of information and computer technology workers. In the context of informatization of society, the labor market is characterized by an imbalance between supply and demand of labor due to structural changes in the economy. Among the challenges of the labor market are rising unemployment in the raw materials industries, robotics and automation of routine manual labor. The digitalization of the economy leads to the need to adjust government regulation of business and provide social guarantees for employees. It is noted that the informatization of society provides more benefits to the labor market than obstacles. Solving the problems it raises, promotes progress and economic development.

scholarly journals Opportunities and risks in the process of socialization of modern adolescents in the medium of new media

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-585
Author(s):  
Han Jin
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Internet Fraud ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of several studies that demonstrate the impact of new (digital) media on the socialization of adolescents. This article aims to show the problem of studying opportunities and risks in the process of communication of the younger generation in the online space. Researchers whose works are highlighted in this article pointed out the positive impact of new media, as well as pay attention to the following risks that teenagers face on the Web: negative information, cyberbullying, addiction from smartphones and laptops, Internet fraud, and personal data leakage. These and other factors induce the transformation of the psychological state of adolescents, change their consciousness, and correct behavior. To mitigate and eliminate the negative impact of digital media on adolescents, the author proposes to discuss preventive measures systemically, in the government - society - media platform paradigm, noting that the self-regulation of platforms is an essential tool for non-state influence on the situation. The author also notes the need for the formation of media literacy among teenagers and parents.

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