scholarly journals International experience of long-term budget projections: national and subnational levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 40-53
Author(s):  
N. E. Barbashova ◽  
A. N. Komarnitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Budget Forecasts

The subject of the research is the approaches used in foreign experience in the formation of forecasts of budget parameters for the long term. The study aims to determine the quality criteria for national and regional long-term budget projections based on the best practice of developed countries. In foreign practice, the question of choosing preferable solutions for long-term budget projections remains open. In Russian studies, some of the above issues are highlighted as of the first decade of the 2000s and require updating, and the foreign regional experience on the use of the longterm budget forecasting lacks detailed analyses. This substantiates the relevance of this study. The novelty consists in highlighting the list of “best practices” in implementing long-term fiscal projection for the national and subnational levels based on the study of the experience of foreign countries. To achieve this goal, the author uses methods of a comparative analysis of international experience in building budget forecasts, system analysis, and analogy. As a result, a list of criteria that meet the good practices of developing long-term budget forecasts has been formed. It is proposed to determine the forecasting horizon within 30–50 years, generate forecasts annually or with a specified frequency if there is a mechanism for updating them. The authors conclude that developing forecasts on a scenario basis using the principle of continuity in relation to the estimates obtained and forecasting methodology, as well as assessing the sensitivity of budget parameters to exogenous factors and budget sustainability are necessary characteristics of longterm budget projections. Prospects for the study consist in studying methodological solutions for forecasting budget parameters and developing tools for the regions of the Russian Federation for calculating indicators of long-term budget projections.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LABOR ORGANIZATION AS A FACTOR OF CONVICTS` CORRECTION IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
Анна Владимировна Мусалева ◽  
Никита Алексеевич Кубасов
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Labor Protection ◽  
Labor Discipline ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Right

В статье рассмотрен такой инструмент исправления осужденных, как общественно полезный труд, который в Российской Федерации на законодательном уровне признан одним из эффективных инструментов исправления наряду с другими основными средствами исправительного воздействия. В работе в том числе рассматриваются проблемы принудительного труда осужденных. Авторы раскрыли порядок и условия организации привлечения к трудовой деятельности лиц, содержащихся в пенитенциарных учреждениях зарубежных стран. В статье проводится сравнительный анализ особенностей содержания, условий привлечения к труду осужденных в зависимости от вида пенитенциарного учреждения различных государств, организации работы осужденных, а именно оплаты труда, продолжительности трудовой деятельности, норм охраны труда, реализации права на отдых и социального обеспечения. Авторы помимо этого обобщают опыт трудовой дисциплины осужденных в пенитенциарных системах ряда развитых в экономическом и социальном плане государств. Изучая опыт зарубежных стран по привлечению заключенных к труду, представляется возможным перенять некоторые важные особенности, которые могут быть частично внедрены в отечественную уголовно-исполнительную систему. The article considers such a tool for the correction of convicts as socially useful work, which in the Russian Federation at the legislative level is recognized as one of the effective tools of correction along with other basic means of correctional influence. The article also deals with the problems of forced labor of convicts. The authors revealed the procedure and conditions for organizing the employment of persons held in places of forced isolation from the society of penitentiary institutions of foreign countries. The paper provides a comparative analysis of the features of the content, conditions for the employment of prisoners, depending on the type of penitentiary institution in different states, the working methods of prisoners, namely, remuneration, duration of work, labor protection standards, the exercise of the right to rest and social security. The authors also summarize the experience of labor discipline of prisoners in the penitentiary systems of a number of economically and socially developed countries. Studying the experience of foreign countries in attracting prisoners to work, it is possible to adopt some important features that can be partially implemented in the domestic penal system.

scholarly journals INDUSTRIAL PARKS: WORLD EXPERIENCE AND PERSPECTIVES OF CREATION IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Victor Halasiuk
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Industrial Parks

Introduction. The deindustrialization processes in Ukraine can be defined as the result of national industrial potential degradation, that throws domestic economy back in the past in comparison with highly developed countries. At the same time, the restoration of the industry is constrained by sharp "investment hunger», which deepens the problems of unemployment and emigration of the population, preserves a low standard of living. Overcoming the systemic problems prevailing in the domestic industrial sector requires the decisive use of effective industrial development instruments, one of which is industrial parks. Purpose. The article aims to argue the perspective directions of the Ukrainian industrial sector development using the mechanism of industrial parks on the basis of international experience analysis. Method. Methodological base of the paper covers a complex of complementary methods of scientific research of economic processes and phenomena: historical and logical method, method of system analysis, methods of economic and mathematical modelling, comparative and statistical analysis, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, methods of induction and deduction. In order to carry out the complex analysis, methods of computer processing, analysis and display of information using the Microsoft Excel program also are used. Results. The article has discussed essential and economic and legal aspects of industrial parks creation as a mechanism for the formation of a favourable investment climate in order to increase the international competitiveness and develop industrial sector of Ukraine. Advanced international experience of using industrial parks to provide accelerated economic growth on an innovative basis has been analysed. Existing preconditions and prospects for activating the policy of industrial parks creation in Ukraine have been investigated. Legislative initiatives to promote the opening and launching of new industrial parks in the domestic practice of industrial development have been argued. The measures of industrial policy, which should complement the existing legislative norms and initiatives concerning the development of a network of industrial parks in Ukraine, have been outlined. The results of the econometric analysis of industrial parks influence on the main macroeconomic indicators (gross domestic product, foreign trade, employment, volumes of industrial production) of Ukraine have been presented.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship in agricultural sector: international practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
M. A. Bayandin ◽  
◽  
O. Yu. Patlasov ◽  
A. B. Bekmurzayeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

The goal- at present there is no clear concept for the long-term development of infrastructure of agro-industrial complex in the republic, and the degree of support for agricultural sector is inferior to the level of advanced countries, which may lead to a restriction of the population's access to quality food. Methods - abstract-logical, monographic, sociological survey, economic-statistical, analytical. Results - the best world practice of rural entrepreneurship was reviewed. The experience of farmers of the Russian Federation, economically developed countries of the EU, Eastern Europe, advanced Asian States, including Japan and South Korea, is presented. It is indicated that the main condition for preservation and multiplication of the achievements of the AIC of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the socio-economic growth of rural settlements. The authors focus on the issue of ensuring food security - one of the main tasks of the economy of each country, the key areas of implementation of which are public support for agricultural sector, improving the quality of life of rural residents. The activity of agricultural producersis analyzed, problems of development of agribusiness in these countries and Kazakhstan are reflected, recommendations for their solution are presented. Conclusions - the following basic factors contributing to the formation and expansion of entrepreneurship in agro-industrial production are highlighted: improvement of the regulatory and investment base; business management, which implies transformation of the structure and advanced training of specialists of enterprises of agro-industrial complex, as well as the heads of peasant (private) farms. Access to markets is a serious problem for small and medium-sized enterprises in agricultural sector, which has a significant impact on the sphere of agricultural production and processing of agricultural products. The research results can be used in the development of measures to support SMEs in agricultural sector at the regional level.

scholarly journals On the Need to Adopt a Strategic Planning Document «Strategy for the Development of the Higher Education System in the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2030»

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
R. A. Amirov
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Education System ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Strategy System ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Implementation Of The Strategy

The purpose: the article substantiates the importance of the country’s adoption of the strategic planning document «Strategy for the development of the higher education system in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030».Materials and methods: the research uses theoretical and empirical methods, logical and system analysis, methods of description, prediction and expert assessments. The theoretical basis of the research is the method of strategic management developed by the famous economist, doctor of economic sciences, professor, foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences V. L. Kvint.Results: the analysis of numerous definitions of the concept and essence of strategy existing in the scientific literature is carried out, and a number of key positions in its definition are highlighted. Justifications are given for the criteria for developing strategies, using the example of the Strategy for the development of the country’s higher education system for the long term. The features of developing a strategy for the development of higher education are defined, and the hierarchy of levels of the strategy system is presented in relation to the strategy for the development of domestic higher education.Discussion: the strategy proposed for adoption should reflect the state and prospects of development of the higher education system, with the definition of Russia’s position in the world educational space, current challenges and threats facing higher education, identify strategic priorities, goals and objectives, mechanisms and stages of implementation of the strategy, propose scenarios for the development of the higher education system, identify sources of resources for the implementation of the strategy, expected results and monitoring of its implementation.Conclusion: it is noted that various state programs, national, Federal and priority projects, and action plans related to the development of the higher education system are being developed and approved in the country. However, there is no key strategic planning document — the Strategy for the development of the higher education system in Russia for the long term (for example, until 2030). In this regard, it is very relevant to develop and adopt this strategy, which undoubtedly takes into account the historically established traditions and features of the national higher school.

scholarly journals Priority areas of scientific and technical development of the domestic tractor industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 2-7
Author(s):  
Yu.F. Lachuga ◽  
◽  
A.Yu. Izmailov ◽  
Ya.P. Lobachevsky ◽  
A.S. Dorokhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Efficiency Indicators

It is shown that the level of provision with tractors and energy supply of agricultural production in Russia is significantly lower than those in developed countries. It was found that the current annual level of purchase of tractors does not allow compensating for their disposal. Domestic production of tractors is significantly inferior to their import and the number of tractors to be assembled of tractor sets delivered from foreign countries on the territory of the Russian Federation. The theory of tractors with second-generation internal combustion engines is proposed, which makes it possible to create energy-intensive tractors with higher efficiency indicators.

APPLICATION OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL MEANS OF PROTECTION AND SUPERVISION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND ABROAD: COMPARATIVE LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Олег Игоревич Денисенко
Keyword(s):  
Video Surveillance ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation

Статья посвящена рассмотрению зарубежного опыта использования инженерно-технических средств охраны и надзора в пенитенциарных учреждениях, который может быть использован для повышения эффективности и оптимизации технического обеспечения исправительных учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации. В частности, рассматриваются особенности технической оснащенности исправительных учреждений США, Великобритании, Франции и Германии. В статье раскрываются вопросы, связанные с использованием системы видеонаблюдения, применяемой для дистанционного наблюдения за обстановкой в охраняемых зонах, на территории объекта, в режимных зданиях и помещениях, на подступах к территории учреждения. Также в статье проанализированы особенности несения службы отделом охраны зарубежных стран, экипировка лиц из числа караула, количественный состав караула при несении службы за постом видеонаблюдения. Отдельное внимание уделено инженерным заграждениям тюрем США, многообразию типов пенитенциарных учреждений в зависимости от категории преступников, отбывающих там наказание. Автор проводит аналогию с особенностями инженерного оснащения российских исправительных учреждений, акцентирует внимание на их различия. В статье раскрываются особенности биометрической идентификации осужденного, которая представляет собой автоматизированный способ распознавания личности путем проверки ее уникальных параметров. В заключение автор отмечает важность анализа положительного зарубежного опыта с целью рассмотрения возможности его внедрения в отечественную пенитенциарную систему. The article is devoted to the consideration of foreign experience in the use of engineering and technical means of protection and supervision in penitentiary institutions, which can be used to increase the efficiency and optimize the technical support of correctional institutions of the penal system of the Russian Federation. In particular, features of the technical equipment of correctional institutions in the USA, Great Britain, France and Germany are considered. The article discusses issues related to the use of a video surveillance system, which is used for remote monitoring of the situation in protected areas, on the territory of the facility, in secure buildings and premises, on the approaches to the territory of the institution. The article also analyzes the features of the service by the security department of foreign countries, the equipment of persons from among the guard, the quantitative composition of the guard when serving at the video surveillance post. Special attention is paid to the engineering barriers of US prisons, the variety of types of penitentiary institutions, depending on the category of criminals serving a sentence there. The author draws an analogy with the peculiarities of the engineering equipment of Russian correctional institutions and focuses on their differences. The article reveals the features of the biometric identification of a convict, which is an automated way of recognizing a person by checking its unique parameters. In conclusion, the author proposes to draw attention to the positive foreign experience, since a wider range of technical means to ensure security is used in the penitentiary systems of developed countries.

Emergence of Industry 4.0 Technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 560-589
Author(s):  
Leyla A. Gamidullaeva ◽  
Sergey M. Vasin ◽  
Elena V. Shkarupeta ◽  
Tatyana O. Tolstykh ◽  
Alexey G. Finogeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Simply Connected

Innovations in the modern world are not simply connected with the opportunities of digital technologies but also largely based on them. This is exactly why the full-fledged successive industrial sector's digitization will become a platform for qualitative changes of the economy and long-term opportunities. Thus, the transition to digital technologies is inevitable, but from another perspective, this very transition cannot be the absolute goal. In this chapter, the authors aimed at providing a better understanding for Industry 4.0 concept and its application benefits for Russia. The main problem is how the Russian Federation acts against the economically developed countries, which are the creators of Industry 4.0. This chapter mainly focuses on presenting the authors' views on how to sustain and increase competitive advantage of the Russian Federation by catching and implementing Industry 4.0. With Industry 4.0, Russian Federation gets a bigger share of the world manufacturing value chain.

scholarly journals INTEREST AND SELF-REINFORCEMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (7) ◽  
pp. 20-34
Author(s):  
Valentyn MAMUTOV
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The Core ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Multiplier Effect ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Eu

Some examples of development of Ukraine’s high-tech industries, such as rocket and space and aircraft building, are considered. At the same time, the emphasis is on strengthening production cooperation with the most developed countries of the world, in particular the EU, in implementing the most ambitious projects with simultaneous adaptation to relevant standards, technologies, etc. This meets interests of our state and interests of society: activation in high-tech sectors of the economy has a multiplier effect of acceleration in related spheres and industries – from increase in demand for metallurgical products to intensification of scientific research in dozens of spheres. It is noted that in the presence of external factors unfavorable for the industry of Ukraine (rather painful and debatable topic of the break-up of cooperation ties with the Russian Federation is raised), successful reorientation of cooperative ties can in the long term become an impetus for steady development under condition of stability of the legal system. Such stability is achieved by compacting and codifying legislation and increasing the volume of the core act of economic legislation – the Economic Code, which corresponds to the practice of rulemaking in many EU countries. Some examples of codification of economic legislation are given. Structure of such codes allows evaluating the structure of economic legislation of these countries. During formation and codification of economic legislation, a very large group of specialists in the field of legal regulation of economic (including entrepreneurial and commercial) activities has formed, which can contribute to the achievement of the above results and development and improvement of legal regulation in this area. Despite all the complexities of academic science, the corresponding potential is not lost. Harmonization of the norms of Ukrainian economic legislation with the relevant norms of European and international legislation is an important task for our entire state. Concernment of implementation of this direction must be supported and encouraged in every possible way.

scholarly journals Legal regulation of medical waste disposal in foreign law

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
G. M. Khamitova ◽  
A. I. Khabirov
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Medical Wastes

Introduction. The article considers international and national experience in legal regulation of medical waste disposal. The special attention is given to foreign experience and possibility of application and perfection of the legislation on medical waste recycling in the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. Realization of research tasks has been reached on the basis of studying theoretical and practical experience of foreign countries concerning regulation of medical waste utilization. The study is based on the method of analysis of the current regulatory and legal framework in the Russian Federation, the practice of applying the legislation by judicial and other competent authorities and existing European (world) standards for the purposes of legal unification. Study results. In the article experience of the foreign countries concerning legal regulation of medical waste recycling, presented in the works of foreign and domestic researchers, the legislation of foreign countries is considered; the analysis of the sources regulating recycling of medical waste is conducted; various concepts of classifications of medical waste are revealed.Discussion and conclusions. The study showed that polymorphism of medical waste is both an epidemiological and environmental hazard. The problem is compounded by the potential hazards that arise from contact with these wastes, such as toxicity, radioactivity and infection. This is why environmental and environmental legislation is of particular importance, along with health and sanitary legislation. These legal norms should be taken into account by medical institutions when developing procedures for handling hospital waste. On the basis of the above-stated it seems expedient to study the experience of developed countries, in particular of the USA and the European states, concerning legal regulation of utilization of medical wastes as the problem of safe handling of medical wastes is important for each subject of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Specific Features of the Formation and Development of Mediation in Foreign Countries with Anglo-Saxon and Romano-Germanic Legal Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
S. S. Myrza
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Methods And Techniques

In the context of radical changes taking place in the field of jurisprudence, the topic of researching innovative forms of mediation, which has recently become a phenomenon of legal reality, becomes especially relevant. The scientific work is focused on studying the peculiarities of the formation and development of mediation in foreign countries with Anglo-Saxon and Romano-Germanic legal systems, as well as the procedure for training professional mediators in these countries. According to the chosen topic, the purpose of this scientific article is to consider the modern system of training mediators in developed countries with different legal systems, their comparative analysis in the context of common methods and techniques of training mediators in the world practice, with further implementation of international experience of developed countries in Ukraine, as well as perspectives for applying mediation as an independent way of resolving legal disputes in Ukraine. In accordance with the purpose and objectives of the research, the author of the scientific work has used a set of methods and techniques of scientific cognition, both general theoretical, special and scientific. Using the epistemological method of the research, the author has defined the essence of mediation as a separate alternative way of resolving disputes, which was initiated in the 60-70s of the XX century in the United States of America. Using the historical method, the author has studied the stages of development of mediation in foreign countries with Anglo-Saxon and Romano-Germanic legal systems. The comparative and legal method has been used to generalize international experience in the development of mediation and training of mediators in Ukraine, to develop recommendations for the introduction of such experience in the area of alternative dispute resolution along with litigation. The peculiarities of the stages of the formation and further development of the institution of mediation in foreign countries with Anglo-Saxon and Romano-Germanic legal systems have been analyzed. Based on the generalization of leading international practices, the author has conducted a brief overview of the training of mediators in countries with different legal systems. The expediency of introducing international experience of developed countries in the training of mediators in Ukraine has been substantiated. It has been concluded that the legislative consolidation of the institution of mediation in Ukraine by the example of developed countries with Anglo-Saxon and Romano-Germanic legal systems will provide rapid and cost-effective out-of-court settlement of disputes, as well as improve and simplify access to justice. It has been proved that on the basis of the model of mediation development in developed foreign countries, its introduction in Ukraine will allow to bring the provisions of national justice closer to European standards; reduce state budget expenditures, as well as promote the development and enhancement of the legal culture of citizens.

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