scholarly journals Diagnóstico da qualidade da água do rio Itanhém entre os municípios de Medeiros Neto e Teixeira de Freitas, Bahia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1009
Author(s):  
Elissandro Santos Rocha ◽  
Luanna Chácara Pires ◽  
João Batista Lopes da Silva ◽  
Allison Gonçalves Silva ◽  
Jorge Luiz Fortuna ◽  
...  

A bacia do rio Itanhém é responsável pelo abastecimento de água dos municípios de Medeiros Neto e Teixeira de Freitas no Extremo Sul baiano, e recebe inúmeras cargas de efluentes domésticos e industriais, que comprometem a qualidade de suas águas. Portanto, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a qualidade da água, identificar os grupos de poluição ou contaminação além de evidenciar possíveis impactos causados pelo uso e ocupação do solo no trecho do rio Itanhém entre Medeiros Neto e Teixeira de Freitas. Foram realizadas 12 coletas mensais entre 08/2018 e 07/2019, em oito pontos do rio para avaliar a qualidade da água em pontos próximos a aglomerações urbanas, com lançamentos de efluentes com carga orgânica, que contribuem para a deterioração da qualidade da água, e em pontos distantes das zonas urbanas, afastados dos  despejos de efluentes. Foi utilizando uma sonda multiparamétrica HI9829 HANNA® para leituras realizadas in loco, para valores de potencial de oxirredução, OD (oxigênio dissolvido), pH, salinidade, temperatura, condutividade e STD (sólidos totais dissolvidos). Também foram obtidos em laboratório os parâmetros: Amônia, Nitrito, Nitrato, DBO e CT (coliformes termotolerantes). Com dados de uso e ocupação do solo, cedidos pelo Fórum Florestal do Extremo Sul da Bahia, foi possível verificar as atividades desenvolvidas dentro da bacia hidrográfica e os impactos gerados por estas. Verificou-se que, nos pontos mais próximos aos lançamentos de efluentes, a qualidade da água apresentou-se em desconformidade com a resolução CONAMA 357/2005 para os indicadores CT, OD e a DBO, enquanto, nos pontos mais afastados dos despejos, esses mesmos indicadores se enquadraram na referida resolução ou aproximaram dos valores aceitáveis para corpos de água de classe 2, o indicando a capacidade autodepurativa do rio Itanhém. Water quality diagnosis of the Itanhém river water between municipalities of Medeiros Neto and Teixeira de Freitas, BahiaA B S T R A C TThe Itanhém river basin is responsible for the water supply of the municipalities of Medeiros Neto and Teixeira de Freitas in the far south of Bahia, Brazil and receives numerous loads of domestic and industrial effluents, which compromise the quality of its waters. Therefore, the aim’s work was to evaluate water quality, identify the groups of pollution or contamination and show possible impacts caused by land use and occupation on the Itanhém River stretch between Medeiros Neto and Teixeira de Freitas. Twelve monthly collections were carried out between 2018/08 to 2019/07, in eight points of the river to evaluate the water quality in points near urban agglomerations, with discharges of effluents with organic load, which contribute to the deterioration of water quality, and at points distant from urban areas, away from effluent discharges. A HI9829 HANNA® multiparameter probe was used for on-site readings for oxireduction potential, DO (dissolved oxygen), pH, salinity, temperature, conductivity and TDS (total dissolved solids). The following parameters were also obtained in the laboratory: Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate, BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Dynamics) and TC (thermotolerant coliforms). With data on land use and occupation, from the Far South Bahia Forest Forum, it was possible to verify the activities developed within the watershed and the impacts generated by them. It was found that, at the points closest to the discharge of effluents, the water quality was not in compliance with CONAMA resolution 357/2005 for the CT, OD and DBO indicators, with average values for CT (arranged in log) 4.46, 3.35, 3.19 and 3.43 respectively for points P2, p5, P7 and P8, while at the most distant points of the discharges, The same indicators fit the resolution or approached the acceptable values for class 2 water bodies (CONAMA 357/2005), indicating the self-purifying capacity of the Itanhém river.

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-631
Author(s):  
Tiago Miguel Jarek ◽  
Jorge Luiz Moretti de Souza ◽  
Nerilde Favaretto ◽  
Lucimeris Ruaro

ABSTRACT: Land use outside its agricultural potential and low vegetation cover in the watershed impair the quality of water used for irrigation and may contribute to the spread of pathogenic coliform bacteria. The objective of this study was to relate the quality of irrigation water with the intensity and type of land use and the rainfall in a vegetable-producing region of São José dos Pinhais, Paraná. Water samples were collected monthly in 2013 from two reservoirs and one preserved source. After collection, the samples were chilled in Styrofoam boxes and transported to the laboratory for analyses of the total and thermotolerant coliforms. Effect of land use was analyzed by probability estimation trees. High land use and weekly above average rainfall increased the probability of thermo tolerant coliforms exceeding the limit allowed under legislation. In regards to thermo tolerant coliforms in the analyzed period, the water from only one reservoir was in accordance with the legislation for the quality of water to irrigate vegetables that are consumed raw. Results of this study are an alert to the local government for the necessity of environmental preservation to maintain the water quality of the county.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Ho ◽  
Ruben Jerves-Cobo ◽  
Matti Barthel ◽  
Johan Six ◽  
Samuel Bode ◽  
...  

Abstract. Rivers act as a natural source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) that can be released from the metabolisms of aquatic organisms. Anthropogenic activities can largely alter the chemical composition and microbial communities of rivers, consequently affecting their GHG emissions. To investigate these impacts, we assessed the emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O from Cuenca urban river system (Ecuador). High variation of the emissions was found among river tributaries that mainly depended on water quality and neighboring landscapes. By using Prati and Oregon Indexes, a clear pattern was observed between water quality and GHG emissions in which the more polluted the sites were, the higher were their emissions. When river water quality deteriorated from acceptable to very heavily polluted, their global warming potential (GWP) increased by ten times. Compared to the average estimated emissions from global streams, rivers with polluted water released almost double the estimated GWP while the proportion increased to ten times for very heavily polluted rivers. Conversely, the GWP of good-water-quality rivers was half of the estimated GWP. Furthermore, surrounding land-use types, i.e. urban, roads, and agriculture, significantly affected the river emissions. The GWP of the sites close to urban areas was four time higher than the GWP of the nature sites while this proportion for the sites close to roads or agricultural areas was triple and double, respectively. Lastly, by applying random forests, we identified dissolved oxygen, ammonium, and flow characteristics as the main important factors to the emissions. Conversely, low impact of organic matter and nitrate concentration suggested a higher role of nitrification than denitrification in producing N2O. These results highlighted the impacts of land-use types on the river emissions via water contamination by sewage discharges and surface runoff. Hence, to estimate of the emissions from global streams, both their quantity and water quality should be included.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e27610817336
Author(s):  
Éderson Vecchieti Gonçalves ◽  
Letícia Scala Frâncica ◽  
Talles Neves de Tofolli ◽  
Flávia Vieira da Silva Medeiros ◽  
Débora Cristina de Souza ◽  
...  

The Catingueiro, Cristalino and Ligeiro Rivers, present in the eastern region of Cianorte, Paraná, Brazil, are under constant influence of industrial effluents and agrochemicals. In 2022, the public supply of this municipality will be made by waters of the Ligeiro River, and the sites predicted for abstraction are close to the sites of confluence of the Catingueiro River and the Cristalino River with the Ligeiro River. We evaluated in two periods of 2020, based on different parameters, the water quality of the Catingueiro River at two sites, P1 and P2 (P2, upstream of the confluence), the Cristalino River in one site, P3, and the Ligeiro River at two sites, P4 and P5 (P5, downstream of the confluence). Levels of nitrite, nitrate and sulfate in waters were within the range set by law. All points had a high concentration of fluorides and phosphato in the two collections. In P1, in both collections, a high concentration of copper was found.  P1 and P2, in the second collection, presented high levels of aluminum. Silicon was detected at all sites. Waters were phytotoxic to L. sativa and cytotoxic to the root meristems of A. cepa. Physical-chemical and toxicity analyses suggest a compromise in water quality. These data are an alert to the public authorities of Cianorte and Paraná regarding the anthropic actions carried out in these rivers and alert the sanitation company to carry out a preliminary and periodic analysis of the waters in order to know the contaminants present before treating them.


Author(s):  
Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso Bailão ◽  
Leovigildo Aparecido Costa Santos ◽  
Sara Dos Santos Almeida ◽  
Patrícia Lima D’Abadia ◽  
Ronny José de Morais ◽  
...  

Low-order streams located near urban areas usually receive domestic, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters that negatively affect river water quality. Additionally, water pollution is associated with land-use variations around the river, which is characterized by unplanned urbanization, intense agricultural activities, and deforestation. This work correlated land-use patterns with physicochemical quality and genotoxic potential of water at four points (P1 to P4) along the Extrema River, located in an industrial and agricultural area of Central Brazil. Physicochemical analyses indicated that the water collected from the Extrema River is inappropriate for human consumption. Using the Allium cepa model, no evidence of cytotoxicity was observed at any point; in contrast, the genotoxic potential of these water samples was observed. The correlation of these results with land use showed that the water collected at P3 was the most contaminated; this is probably due to the inflow of wastewater from municipal, industrial, and agriculture activities. Different results were observed for P2 and P4, where land-use analysis attributed the water quality to forest burns. We concluded that differential use of the land changed the characteristics of the associated river water, and A. cepa parameters were more related to land-use characteristics than to physicochemical parameters. This study highlighted the importance of associating land use with the cyto genotoxic potential of water.


2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Siqueira ◽  
Mirna Januária Leal Godinho ◽  
Hedda Elisabeth Kolm ◽  
Eunice da Costa Machado

The aim of this wat was to evaluate the water quality in four tidal creeks of Paraná, Brazil, with different anthropic influences. Samples were collected every three months. Temperature, salinity, pH, alkalinity, total CO2, dissolved O2, nitrite, nitrate, N-ammoniacal, phosphate, silicate, particulate suspended matter, humic matter, total chlorophyll, total and fecal coliform bacteria of surface water were measured in each sample and compared. For all the stations water temperature was lower in winter, but ranged within typically subtropical values. Salinity (7 - 25) and pH (7.08 - 7.91) were higher in Perequê tidal creek indicating that only this tidal creek was strongly influenced by the nearby ocean waters. Lower dissolved O2, reaching anoxic levels along with higher phosphate and N-ammoniacal concentrations and higher total (<200 - 160,000 MPN 100 ml-1) and thermotolerant coliforms (<200 - 50,000 MPN 100 ml-1) in Olho d´Água suggested euthrophication, especially in summer when rainfall was higher and tourism was at its peak. Perequê, Penedo and Barranco Creeks were characterized as meso- and oligotrophic environments.


2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijun Wang ◽  
Wenting Zhang ◽  
Song Hong ◽  
Yanhua Zhuang ◽  
Hongyan Lin ◽  
...  

Non-point source (NPS) pollution has become the major reason for water quality deterioration. Due to the differences in the generation and transportation mechanisms between urban areas and rural areas, different models are needed in rural and urban places. Since land use has been rapidly changing, it is difficult to define the study area as city or country absolutely and the complex NPS pollution in these urban–rural mixed places are difficult to evaluate using an urban or rural model. To address this issue, a fuzzy system-based approach of modeling complex NPS pollutant is proposed concerning the fuzziness of each land use and the ratio of belonging to an urban or rural place. The characteristic of land use, impact of city center and traffic condition were used to describe spatial membership of belonging to an urban or rural place. According to the spatial membership of belonging to an urban or rural place, the NPS distributions calculated by the urban model and rural model respectively were combined. To validate the method, Donghu Lake, which is undergoing rapid urbanization, was selected as the case study area. The results showed that the urban NPS pollutant load was significantly higher than that of the rural area. The land usage influenced the pollution more than other factors such as slope or precipitation. It also suggested that the impact of the urbanization process on water quality is noteworthy.


2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Uuemaa ◽  
Jüri Roosaare ◽  
Ülo Mander

We investigated the relationship between land use parameters and FRAGSTATS-based landscape metrics (Edge Density, Patch Density, Mean Shape Index, Mean Euclidean Nearest Neighbour Index, Contagion, Patch Richness Density and Shannon's Diversity Index) and nutrient/organic-matter-based water quality indicators (BOD7 and CODKMnO4 values, total-N and total-P concentrations in water) in 24 catchments with various land use patterns in Estonia, using the CORINE Land Cover Map (1:100 000). Multiple regression analysis showed that, for BOD7, total-N and total-P, the most important predictor was the proportion of urban areas, but landscape metrics also had a significant relationship with water quality. Mean Shape Index and Contagion were the most important predictors for CODKMnO4. The knowledge that land use and landscape configuration impact water quality can be used in establishing and implementing water management plans in Europe.


2014 ◽  
Vol 186 (5) ◽  
pp. 3221-3237 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Sheela ◽  
J. Letha ◽  
K. Swarnalatha ◽  
K. V. Baiju ◽  
Divya Sankar

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Lautert Moretto ◽  
Ruben Edgardo Panta ◽  
Adilson Ben da Costa ◽  
Eduardo Alexis Lobo

Environmental monitoring studies in the Hydrographical Basin of Pardo River, RS, Brazil, in the time series from 2007 to 2009, showed no agreement between the water quality evaluation obtained through the Water Quality Index (WQI - NSF), which ranged from "regular" to "good", and the Environment National Council (CONAMA) Resolution 357/2005, which was bad ("class 4"), highlighting as critical variables for this classification the thermotolerant coliforms and the phosphate concentration, indicating process of water eutrophication, related to the large amount of nutrients and organic load from domestic sewage and excess fertilizers used in agriculture. AIM: This research aimed to calibrate the WQI - NSF for the Pardo River Basin, based on the CONAMA Resolution 357/2005. METHODS: Using the database (2007 a 2009) from the Laboratory of Limnology of the University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), RS, corresponding to the environmental monitoring studies realized in the Hydrographical Basin of Pardo River new weights of the relative importance of the variables used to calculate the WQI were attributed, by means of principal component analysis. RESULTS: There was a significant agreement between the results of the assessment of water quality using the CONAMA Resolution 357/2005 and the new WQI calibrated. CONCLUSION: The results certify the use of the calibrated WQI in environmental monitoring programs in lotic systems belonging to Guaíba Hydrographical Basin, RS.


Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqin Huang ◽  
Jingqiao Mao ◽  
Dejun Zhu ◽  
Chenyu Lin

Understanding the effect of land use/land cover (LULC) on water quality is essential for environmental improvement, especially in urban areas. This study examined the relationship between LULC at buffer-zone scales and water quality in a lakeside city near Poyang Lake, which is the largest freshwater lake in China. Representative indicators were selected by factor analysis to characterize the water quality in the study area, and then the association between LULC and water quality over space and time was quantified by redundancy analysis. The results indicated that the influence of LULC on water quality is scale-dependent. In general, the LULC could explain from 56.9% to 31.6% of the variation in water quality at six buffer zones (from 500 m to 1800 m). Forest land had a positive effect on water quality among most buffer zones, while construction land and bare land affected the representative water quality indicators negatively within the 1200 m and 1500 m buffer zones, respectively. There was also a seasonal variation in the relationship between LULC and water quality. The closest connection between them appeared at the 1000 m buffer zone in the dry season, whereas there was no significant difference among the buffer zones in the wet season. The results suggest the importance of considering buffer-zone scales in assessing the impacts of LULC on water quality in urban lakeshore areas.


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