scholarly journals Aplicação de Resíduos da Indústria Sucroalcooleira em Solo como Forma de Mitigar Impactos Ambientais

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1236
Author(s):  
Eduardo Henrique Lima De Lucena ◽  
Mário Monteiro Rolim ◽  
Emmanuel Damilano Dutra ◽  
Rômulo Simões Cezar Menezes ◽  
José Nildo Tabosa ◽  
...  

A adoção de práticas que minimize os impactos ambientais e melhoria da fertilidade do solo para exploração agrícola tem sido realizada com maior frequência. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade do solo em áreas com diferentes doses de vinhaça e torta de filtro sobre os atributos químicos do solo. O experimento foi realizado na Estação Experimental do IPA, Vitória de Santo Antão - PE, constituído de dois tratamentos e cinco níveis de aplicação de doses de vinhaça 0;19,42; 77,68; 155,36 e 310,72 m3 ha-1) e cinco doses de torta de filtro (0; 2,75; 11,0; 22,0 e 44,0 t ha-1), em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e de regressão, utilizando o software SAS, com níveis de significância de 5% para o teste F. Com relação aos atributos químicos do solo tratados com torta de filtro foram verificados efeitos lineares significativos (p<0,05) para os teores de fósforo, cálcio e capacidade de troca de cátions (CTC) no solo. Relacionado a vinhaça foi verificado efeito quadrático significativo (p<0,05) proporcionando redução no teor de fósforo no solo, posteriormente, ocorrendo incremento de 8,88% com a dose máxima aplicada. Os resíduos aplicados torta de filtro e vinhaça promoveram melhoria nas propriedades químicas do solo potencializando seu uso na agricultura. Application of Waste from the Sugar Alcohol Industry in Soil as a Way to Mitigate Environmental Impacts A B S T R A C TThe adoption of practices that minimize environmental impacts and improve soil fertility for agricultural exploitation has been carried out with greater frequency. This work aimed to evaluate the soil quality in areas with different doses of vinasse and filter cake on the chemical attributes of the soil. The experiment was carried out at the IPA Experimental Station, Vitória de Santo Antão - PE, consisting of two treatments and five levels of application of vinasse doses 0; 19,42; 77.68; 155.36 and 310.72 m3 ha-1) and five doses of filter cake (0; 2.75; 11.0; 22.0 and 44.0 t ha-1), in randomized blocks with four replications. The data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and regression, using the SAS software, with significance levels of 5% for the F test. Regarding the chemical attributes of the soil treated with filter cake, significant linear effects were verified (p < 0.05) for phosphorus, calcium and cation exchange capacity (CTC) in the soil. Related to vinasse, a significant quadratic effect (p <0.05) was observed, providing a reduction in the phosphorus content in the soil, subsequently, with an increase of 8.88% with the maximum applied dose. The residues applied filter cake and vinasse promoted an improvement in the chemical properties of the soil, enhancing its use in agriculture.Keywords: filter cake, vinasse, soil attributes, conditioners, fertility.

Soil Research ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Speirs ◽  
S. R. Cattle ◽  
G. J. Melville

In recent years, the production of cotton in Australia has been limited by the availability of irrigation water. To overcome this problem, poorer quality (Na+-rich) irrigation sources have been used in some situations, despite the effects elevated levels of Na+ may have on soil physical and chemical properties. This paper reports on changes in the surface-connected structural form attributes of two Vertosols from eastern Australia (one Red Vertosol, one Black Vertosol) after treatment with a range of different water-quality solutions. Intact soil columns from each of the Vertosols were irrigated through six wet–dry cycles using one of six treatment solutions with varying Na+ concentrations. Replicate columns for each treatment of each soil were analysed post-irrigation for selected chemical attributes. A second set of replicate columns was impregnated with a fluorescent resin post-irrigation, horizontally sectioned, and photographed under ultraviolet light. Image analysis was carried out on the section photographs to yield quantitative estimates of porosity (P), surface area (Sv), solid and pore star lengths (ls* and lp*), and solid and pore genus (gs and gp). Generally, the soil treated with the low-Na+ solution had the most desirable structural form attributes (larger P, Sv, and gp and smaller ls* and gs), while the soil treated with the high-Na+ solution had the least desirable structural attributes. The structural attributes and chemical properties of the Red Vertosol changed more markedly with water quality than did those of the Black Vertosol. The difference in response to water quality between these two soils is presumed to be related to the clay mineral suites and the exchange capacity of these soils; the Black Vertosol contains appreciably more smectite and has a much larger effective cation exchange capacity than the Red Vertosol.


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-457
Author(s):  
Micaela Benigna Pereira ◽  
Mário Leno Martins Véras ◽  
Neriane Rodrigues de Lima ◽  
Leandro Gonçalves Dos Santos ◽  
Thiago Jardelino Dias

Chemical soil quality is one of the factors more quickly affected by anthropogenic degradation processes and is one of the more important components for the development of agriculture. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of cattle manure and rock powder on the chemical characteristics of soil cultivated with butter kale. The treatments were arranged in five randomized blocks in a 4´4 factorial for the different doses of bovine manure (60, 120, 180 and 240 g/plant) combined with doses of rock powder (6, 12, 18 and 24 g/plant). Each block was composed of three plots, 18 m long and 1 m wide. The bed was composed of six portions, and each experimental plot consisted of 14 plants spaced at 0.40´0.40 m. At the end of the experiment, the following were analyzed: pH, organic matter, P, K, Na, Mg, exchangeable acidity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), sum of base and base saturation. The doses of bovine manure and MB-4 provided an increase in pH, organic matter, concentration of phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, exchangeable acidity, cation exchange capacity, sum of the base and saturation of the soil base. The doses of 240 g of cattle manure and 24 g of rock dust generated an increase in the chemical properties of the soil.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-301
Author(s):  
Lenir Fátima Gotz ◽  
Felipe Piovesan ◽  
Alfredo Castamann

The use of rock powder as a source of nutrients to plants can be an alternative or complement to mineral soluble and organic sources. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of different rock powder doses, associated or not with livestock manure, as a source of nutrients for bean and its effect on soil chemical attributes. The treatments consisted of the application of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 Mg ha-1 of rock powder, associated or not with livestock manure (17 Mg ha-1), applied on the soil surface, without incorporation. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized blocks, with three replicates, and in a factorial arrangement (5x2). The grain yield of bean, height plants and number of plants m-2 were not influenced by the treatments. On the other hand, the application of 3 Mg ha-1 of rock powder associated with livestock manure resulted in a higher number of grains per pod, and the increase in the rock powder doses affected the number of pods per plant. In the soil, only the manure application, regardless of the rock powder, resulted in effects: reduced potential acidity and potential cation exchange capacity, and increased phosphorus content and base saturation. Thus, rock powder, associated or not with livestock manure, is not effective in improving bean yield and soil chemical attributes after approximately three months of application, and the use of livestock manure, regardless of the rock powder doses, improves some chemical attributes in the soil.


2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 574-582
Author(s):  
Adriana Maria Meneghetti ◽  
Lúcia Helena Pereira Nóbrega ◽  
Silvio Cesar Sampaio ◽  
Rafael Gil Ferques

This objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of swine wastewater (ARS), applied alone and in combination with nitrogen fertilizer (AD), on foliar concentrations of macronutrients (Ntotal, P, K, Ca, Mg and S ) and micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe), as well as chemical attributes of an Oxisol (pH, potential acidity (H+Al +3), organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (V), Ca, Mg, K, P, Na, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) on the cultivation of baby corn. For this purpose an experiment was conducted at the State University of Western Parana in a completely randomized design with eight treatments and three replications, consisting of a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement with the application of four swine manure wastewater doses (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1 of N) prior to sowing and two levels of AD (0 and 40 kg ha-1 ) as urea at sowing and in coverage. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-60 cm during three periods: before sowing and application of the ARS, at the middle and at the end of the cycle. The results were subjected to analysis of variance at 5% probability, and they indicated that the application of ARS combined with AD resulted in increases to the soil chemical properties: H+Al +3, CTC, V, P, K, Ca and Mg, decreases in pH, organic matter and PST, and consistent values for RAS. For the foliar nutrient concentrations there was an increase in fertilization using wastewater from swine manure which resulted in significant differences for foliar concentrations of N and P in babycorn; it also promoted lower levels than adequate for N and K, and appropriate levels of Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe. Concentrations of ARS should be less than 345 m3 ha-1 when applied alone, or when combined with AD should be less than 120 kg ha-1 of N, since systematic use elevated levels of plant nutrients (P, Ca, Mg and S), suggesting their accumulation.


2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1349-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Silva Siqueira ◽  
José Marques Júnior ◽  
Daniel De Bortoli Teixeira ◽  
Sammy Sidney Rocha Matias ◽  
Livia Arantes Camargo ◽  
...  

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of magnetic susceptibility for characterizing the spatial variability of soil attributes and identifying areas with different potentials for sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production. Samples were collected at 110 points (1 per 7 ha) in the layers of 0.00-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m, to determine the magnetic susceptibility and physical and chemical attributes of the soil. Fiber content, sucrose polarization (POL), and sugarcane yield were determined in 33 points. The spatial variability model for magnetic susceptibility was 63 and 22% more accurate in delimiting soil potential for sugarcane production than soil physical and chemical attributes at the 0.0-0.2 and 0.2-0.4-m layers, respectively. The spatial variability map for magnetic susceptibility was strongly correlated with clay (0.83 and 0.89, respectively, for the layers) and sand contents (-0.84 and -0.88); moderately correlated with organic matter (-0.25 and -0.35), sum of bases (-0.46 and 0.37), cation exchange capacity (0.22 and 0.47), pH (-0.52 and 0.13), and POL (0.43 and 0.53); and weakly correlated with sugarcane yield (0.26 and 0.23). Magnetic susceptibility can be used to characterize the spatial variability of soil attributes and to identify areas with different potentials for sugarcane production.


2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1100-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Resende Corrêa ◽  
Carlos Ernesto G.R Schaefer ◽  
Vander de Freitas Melo ◽  
Kleberson Worslley de Souza ◽  
João Carlos Ker ◽  
...  

In prehistoric times, innumerous shell middens, called "sambaquis", consisting mainly of remains of marine organisms, were built along the Brazilian coast. Although the scientific community took interest in these anthropic formations, especially since the nineteenth century, their pedological context is still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to characterize and identify the physical and chemical changes induced by soil-forming processes, as well as to compare the morphology of shell midden soils with other, already described, anthropogenic soils of Brazil. Four soil profiles developed from shell middens in the Região dos Lagos - RJ were morphologically described and the physical and chemical properties determined. The chemical analysis showed that Ca, Mn, Mg, and particularly P and Zn are indicators of anthropic horizons of midden soils, as in the Amazon Dark Earths (Terras Pretas de Índio). After the deposition of P-rich material, P reaction and leaching can mask or disturb the evidence of in situ man-made strata, but mineralogical and chemical studies of phosphate forms can elucidate the apparent complexity. Lower phosphate-rich strata without direct anthropic inputs indicate P leaching and precipitation in secondary forms. The total and bioavailable contents of Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu, P, and organic C of midden soils were much higher than of regional soils without influence of ancient human settlements, demonstrating that the high fertility persisted for long periods, at some sites for more than 4000 years. The physical analysis showed that wind-blown sand contributed significantly to increase the sand fraction in the analyzed soils (texture classes sand, sandy loam and sandy clay loam) and that the aeolian sand accumulation occurred simultaneously with the midden formation.


2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Liane Barreto Alves Pinheiro ◽  
Rodrigo Camara ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Eduardo Lima ◽  
Maria Elizabeth Fernandes Correia ◽  
...  

Mound-building termites are important agents of soil bioperturbation, but these species have not been extensively studied thus far. The present study aimed to evaluate the soil particle-size and the chemical attributes of termite mounds and the surrounding soil under different land use strategies. A one-hectare plot was defined for an unmanaged degraded pasture, planted pasture, and for a eucalyptus Corymbia citriodora plantation. In each plot, the top, center, and base sections of five Cornitermes cumulans mounds, and the surrounding soil at the depths of 0-5; 5-10; 10-20 cm, were sampled in the Pinheiral, Rio de Janeiro state. In the three areas, the center of the mounds contained higher clay content, organic carbon, phosphorous, calcium and magnesium, total bases, and cation exchangeable capacity, when compared to the top, base, and the surrounding soils. However, the center had lower values of exchangeable acidity and potassium, of the three areas. In the eucalyptus plantation, the values of pH, total bases, calcium, and magnesium were lower, whereas aluminum, exchangeable acidity, sodium, and cation exchange capacity were higher both in the mounds and in the surrounding soil, in relation to the pastures. There were no differences among the three areas in terms of organic carbon, potassium, phosphorous, and total bases, in the mounds and adjacent soil. Thus, the termite activity altered the clay content and most of the soil chemical properties in all of the studied areas, but only for the center of the mounds. However, the effect of these organisms was different in the eucalyptus plantation in relation to the pasture areas.


2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-34
Author(s):  
T. G. RYASHCHENKO ◽  
N. N. UKHOVA ◽  
S. I. SHTELMAKH ◽  
N. I. BELYANINA ◽  
P. S. BELYANIN

The article considers the study results of composition, microstructure and physical-chemical properties of the quaternary clays of the Prikhankayskaya depression in district of the lake Khanka (Primorye) on the example of air-dry samples of geological borehole 45-b in the range of 18–62 m. The objective of research was to obtain new information about the properties of widespread clay sediments in this area using geologic-lithological materials and laboratory data. The schematic geologic-lithological column was composed with the selection of various zones in the quaternary clay sediments section and the border with sediments of the Neogene System. The methodological scheme of laboratory studies of clays was proposed. This scheme includes the determination of chemical and microelement composition, clay minerals, contents of carbonates, water-soluble salts, mobile forms of aluminum oxide, humus, as well as microstructural parameters (method «Microstructure») and some physical-chemical properties. Geochemical coefficients (Kz, CIA, CIW, ICV) determined the degree of chemical maturity of clays and confirmed the results of palynological studies reflecting the fluctuations of the climatic conditions of their formation. For the group of toxic microelements for the first time the special indicator (Zc) was calculated. Which was the criterion for a degree of pollution of the clay sediments section. Clay minerals of the quaternary clays are represented by smectite and hydromica. The clear change in the mineral association was found when passing to the Neogene sediments (kaolinite prevails). The method «Microstructure» revealed the aggregated type of clays microstructure, the domination of the particles of coarse dust fraction among the primary (free) particles and the almost complete absence of the particles of fine-grained sand fraction, the participation of various fractions in the composition of aggregates. The variants of the formation of certain types of aggregates (on sizes) in the fluviolacustrine «khankayskiy» clays are presented. Solid part density, water resistance (soaking time), sedimentation volume, plasticity, relative swelling (samples-pastes) were determined using standard methods for clays. By special methods, the cation exchange capacity was measured and the calculated values of the plasticity index were obtained from forecasting formulas using the yield limit. The proposed methodological scheme of complex laboratory studies of clay sediments can be recommended for problematic geologic-lithological and engineering-geological sections.


Author(s):  
Vítězslav Vlček ◽  
Miroslav Pohanka

Soil samples (n = 11) were collected in the chernozem areas of the Czech Republic (the Central Europe) from the topsoil and used as representative samples. All sampling areas have been used for agricultural purposes (arable soil) and they were selected as typical representatives of agricultural soil. These samples represented the soil with same genesis (to reduction differencies between soil types) but with different soil properties (physical and chemical). Complete chemical and physical analyses were made for confirmation of copper adsorption on solid phase: we analysed the particle size distribution, content of oxidizable carbon (Cox), the cation exchange capacity (CEC), supply of exchange calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus and potassium, soil reaction and the total supply of Fe, Al, Mn, Ca, Mg, K, P and N. The strongest simple correlation between analysed soil properties and copper concentration had content of available magnesium (r = 0.44) and available phosphorus (r = −0.51). In the case of multiple correlations (i. e. collective influence of multiple soil properties) had the strongest influence combination of clay, soil reaction, total content of phosphorus, available magnesium and available phosphorus. The main influence of phosphorus and magnesium is evident. We suppose that copper and phosphorus enter into specific complex. Influence of these five soil properties can explain 92.7 % (r = 0.927) changes in the content of copper changes in the experiment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 3285-3296
Author(s):  
Aliou Badara Kouyate ◽  
Ali Ibrahim ◽  
Idriss Serme ◽  
Sidiki Gabriel Dembele

The deficiency in bioavailable phosphorus is one of the major constraints to cereal production in Mali. The objective of this study was to assess the combined effects of Tilemsi rock phosphate (PNT) with different doses of soluble fertilizers on the solubility of rock phosphate, the agronomic performance of sorghum and the chemical properties of the soil. The study consisted of the comparison of four (4) types of fertilization at three (3) levels of variation 0 kg.ha-1; 11 kg.ha-1, and 16 kg.ha-1 of phosphorus arranged in a complete randomized block with three replicates. The combination of PNT with sulfate ammonium (NH4) 2SO4 resulted in a significant increase in grain and biomass yields during the two years of the study. The increase of the rate of phosphate rock application lead to improve the sorghum grain yield by an average of 29%. The combined application of sulfate ammonium (NH4) 2SO4 with PNT significantly increased the phosphorus uptake indices from PNT. These results show that there is a possibility of improving the productivity of sorghum in Mali with the combined use of Tilemsi rock phosphate and soluble fertilizers, particularly sulfate ammonium. La déficience en phosphore assimilable du sol est l’une des contraintes majeures à la production céréalière au Mali. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer les effets de différentes formules de fumures à base du phosphore naturel de tilemsi (PNT) et d’engrais azotés et potassiques sur les propriétés chimiques du sol et les performances agronomiques du sorgho. Pour ce faire, un dispositif factoriel en blocs complètement randomisés a été implanté. Le premier facteur est composé des 4 formules de fumures (PNT granule (P), PNT granule avec KCl , PNT granule avec (NH4)2SO4 et PNT granule avec KCl et (NH4)2SO4 ) et le second facteur les niveaux de doses de phosphore (0 kg.ha-1; 11 kg.ha-1, et 16 kg.ha-1). L’association du PNT avec le sulfate d’ammonium (NH4)2SO4 a entraîné une augmentation significative des rendements grain et biomasse pendant les deux annéesd’étude. L’augmentation de la dose d’apport du phosphore a amélioré le rendement grain de 29% en moyenne. L’application combinée du sulfate d’ammonium (NH4)2SO4 avec le PNT a augmenté significativement l’efficacité agronomique du PNT. Ces résultats montrent qu’il y a une possibilité d’améliorer la productivité du sorgho au Mali avec l’utilisation combinée de phosphore naturel de Tilemsi à la dose de 16 kg.ha-1 et les engrais solubles notamment le sulfate d’ammonium. Ainsi cette formulation pourrait être recommandée en culture de sorgho pour les producteurs à faible revenu en zone Sahélienne du Mali.


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