scholarly journals UJI BAHAN PLAT DRUM PADA TEMPERATUR 1000C, 2000C, 3000C, 4000C, 5000C DENGAN UJI KEKERASAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Muh Anhar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Metal Elements ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Definition Of

The hardness of a material in general, states against deformation and for metals with these properties is a measure of its resistance to plastic deformation or permanent deformation. if that states violence as a measure of indentation and there is also a definition of violence as a measure of convenience and a special quantity that shows something about the strength and heat treatment of a metal.The hardness value of the material changes when given heat treatment at a temperature of 1000C, 2000C, 3000C, 4000C, 5000C. Color changes in materials when heated at temperatures of 1000C, 2000C, 3000C, 4000C, 5000C. indicates a change in metal elements that occur in the material. The results of the hardness of the heat treated material increased harder than the initial material without heat treatment, which was produced after the hardness test was 18.17%.

Structure and Hardness of Cryorolled and Heat-Treated 2xxx Aluminum Alloy

2010 ◽  
Vol 667-669 ◽  
pp. 925-930
Author(s):  
S.V. Krymskiy ◽  
Elena Avtokratova ◽  
M.V. Markushev ◽  
Maxim Yu. Murashkin ◽  
O.S. Sitdikov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Aging Response ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Aluminum Solid Solution ◽  
A Cell

The effects of severe plastic deformation (SPD) by isothermal rolling at the temperature of liquid nitrogen combined with prior- and post-SPD heat treatment, on microstructure and hardness of Al-4.4%Cu-1.4%Mg-0.7%Mn (D16) alloy were investigated. It was found no nanostructuring even after straining to 75%. Сryodeformation leads to microshear banding and processing the high-density dislocation substructures with a cell size of ~ 100-200 nm. Such a structure remains almost stable under 1 hr annealing up to 200oC and with further temperature increase initially transforms to bimodal with a small fraction of nanograins and then to uniform coarse grained one. It is found the change in the alloy post–SPD aging response leading to more active decomposition of the preliminary supersaturated aluminum solid solution, and to the alloy extra hardening under aging with shorter times and at lower temperatures compared to T6 temper.

Comparison of the color and weight change in Paulownia tomentosa and Pinus koraiensis wood heat-treated in hot oil and hot air

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 5574-5585
Author(s):  
Intan Fajar Suri ◽  
Jong Ho Kim ◽  
Byantara Darsan Purusatama ◽  
Go Un Yang ◽  
Denni Prasetia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Paulownia Tomentosa ◽  
Wood Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Heat Treated

Color changes were tested and compared for heat-treated Paulownia tomentosa and Pinus koraiensis wood treated with hot oil or hot air for further utilization of these species. Hot oil and hot air treatments were conducted at 180, 200, and 220 °C for 1, 2, and 3 h. Heat-treated wood color changes were determined using the CIE-Lab color system. Weight changes of the wood before and after heat treatment were also determined. The weight of the oil heat-treated wood increased considerably but it decreased in air heat-treated wood. The oil heat-treated samples showed a greater decrease in lightness (L*) than air heat-treated samples. A significant change in L* was observed in Paulownia tomentosa. The red/green chromaticity (a*) of both wood samples increased at 180 and 200 °C and slightly decreased at 220 °C. The yellow/blue chromaticity (b*) in both wood samples increased at 180 °C, but it rapidly decreased with increasing treatment durations at 200 and 220 °C. The overall color change (ΔE*) in both heat treatments increased with increasing temperature, being higher in Paulownia tomentosa than in Pinus koraiensis. In conclusion, oil heat treatment reduced treatment duration and was a more effective method than air heat treatment in improving wood color.

Characterization of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 6060 Aluminum Alloy Processed by ECAP

2018 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Monika Karoń ◽  
Marcin Adamiak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Evolution Of Microstructure

The purpose of this paper is to present the microstructure and mechanical behavior of 6060 aluminum alloy after intense plastic deformation. Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) was used as a method of severe plastic deformation. Before ECAP part of the samples were heat treated to remove internal stresses in the commercially available aluminium alloy. The evolution of microstructure and tensile strength were tested after 1, 3, 6 and 9 ECAP passes in annealed and non annealed states. It was found that intensely plastically deformed refined grains were present in the tested samples and exhibited increased mechanical properties. Differences were noted between samples without and after heat treatment

scholarly journals Analysis of Different 100Cr6 Material States Using Particle-Oriented Peening

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Toenjes ◽  
Nicole Wielki ◽  
Daniel Meyer ◽  
Axel von Hehl
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimeter ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Aisi 52100 ◽  
Novel Method

As part of a novel method for evolutionary material development, particle-oriented peening is used in this work to characterize 100Cr6 (AISI 52100) microparticles that were heat-treated by means of a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The plastic deformation of the samples in particle-oriented peening is correlated with the microstructural properties considering different heat-treatment variations. While the heating rate was kept constant (10 K/min) for all heat treatments, different heating temperatures (500 °C, 800 °C, 1000 °C and 1100 °C) were realized, held for 20 min and then cooled down at a rate of 50 K/min. Thereby, microstructural states with different (mechanical) properties are generated. For validation, microsections of the particles were analyzed and additional universal microhardness measurements (UMH) were performed. It could be shown that the quickly assessable plastic deformation descriptor reacts sensitively to the changes in the hardness due to the heat treatment.

The Mathematical Model for Studying Bearing Reliability Unconventional Treated

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 ◽  
pp. 606-611
Author(s):  
Mirela Gheorghian ◽  
Gheorghe Simionescu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Ultrasonic Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cold Plastic Deformation ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Bearing Steels ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The reliability reprezents the main criterion, which imposes itself in the definition of the reliability and the competition of the bearins. The rotation precision and the functional role of the bearings are realized if is a good dimensional stability and proper mechanical properties during the running. To fulfill these conditions it is necessary to establish the technological parameters of the processes of primary heat treatment, hot or cold plastic deformation, intermediate heat treatment, mechanical processing, final heat treatment below 0°C or in ultrasonic field. The comparative evaluation of different variants of heat treatment classic or nonconventional (cryogenic or ultrasonic) which are applied on bearing steels from the point of view of reliability have revealed significant increases of the values of real and median reliability for non-conventional heat treated steels, [.

scholarly journals Effect of Quench Environment on the Conversion Coatings on Magnesium Alloy AZ91

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
Barbora Ševčíková ◽  
Stanislava Fintová ◽  
Jaroslav Wassebauer ◽  
Jakub Tkacz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast State ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Alloy Az91 ◽  
Magnesium Alloy Az91 ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Fine Microstructure ◽  
Cooling Media ◽  
Definition Of

The aim of the study is to achieve fine microstructure of AZ91, due to the optimized heat treatment processes, which can be easily coated with a normal conversion process as phosphating. Determination of the influence of the AZ91 microstructure, mainly precipitates which are created using different cooling media during the heat treatment and definition of the best heat treatment process parameters are the main experimental sections of the work. The structure of the samples heat treated under different conditions was subsequently compared with the structure of the as cast state of AZ91. The morphology of the conversion coating was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and amount of individual elements in the deposited coating was determined by EDS analysis.

Improved Workability of Diameter-Enlarged Process for S35C through Quenching and Tempering Heat Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 943 ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Xia Zhu ◽  
Keiji Ogi ◽  
Nagatoshi Okabe
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Deformation Speed ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

The hardness test, Charpy impact test, and axial expansion experiment were performed on a medium carbon steel S35C specimen typically used for shaft materials after first subjecting it to quenching and tempering heat treatment under different heating temperatures/time conditions. The effect of the tempering conditions on the mechanical properties of the specimen and the limit of the diameter-enlarged ratio used for evaluating the workability of the partial diameter-enlarged were investigated. The summary of the results are as follows: after quenching at 880 °C, a fine troostite or sorbite structure was obtained under all heat treatment conditions at heating temperatures of 550 °C to 675 °C, and heating times of 0.5 h to 1.5 h. An improvement was shown in the limit of the diameter-enlarged ratio because the quenching and tempering heat treatment led to an increase in the Charpy impact value/ductility as well as a reduction in the hardness, tensile strength, and yield strength; the partial diameter-enlarged process could be performed on the heat treated material at almost the same deformation speed as a cold-drawn material with a much lower axial pressure; it was possible to estimate the diameter-enlarged deformation behavior using the tempering parameter M. We confirmed that the quenching tempering heat treatment performed in this study facilitates the improvement of the workability of the diameter-enlarged.

scholarly journals Aging of wood: Analysis of color changes during natural aging and heat treatment

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyuki Matsuo ◽  
Misao Yokoyama ◽  
Kenji Umemura ◽  
Junji Sugiyama ◽  
Shuichi Kawai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Superposition Method ◽  
Wood Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Temperature Superposition ◽  
Wood Analysis

Abstract The color properties of aging wood samples from historical buildings have been compared with those of recent wood samples that were heat treated at temperatures ranging from 90°C to 180°C. The results of kinetic analysis obtained by the time-temperature superposition method showed that the color change during natural aging was mainly due to a slow and mild oxidation process. In other words, heat treatment could accelerate the changes in wood color that occur during aging. In one sample, the color change (ΔE* ab ) after 921 years at ambient temperature was almost equivalent to that of heating (artificial aging) approximately for 6.7 h at 180°C. The results have been interpreted that the aging and the subsequent change in wood color begin at the time of tree harvesting.

Improvement of mechanical properties of a nanoaluminium alloy by precipitate strengthening

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 877-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wawer ◽  
M. Lewandowska ◽  
K.J. Kurzydłowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Precipitation Strengthening ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Precipitate Strengthening

In the present study, severe plastic deformation (SPD) processing was combined with pre- and post processing heat treatment to investigate the possibility of synergic grain size and precipitation strengthening. Samples of 7475 alloy were solution heat treated and water quenched prior to hydrostatic extrusion (HE) which resulted in a grain refinement by 3 orders of magnitude, from 70 μm to about 70 nm. The extruded samples were subsequently aged at temperatures resulting in formation of nanoprecipitates.

Microstructure, Texture and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloy during Repetitive Upsetting-Extrusion after Heat Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 993 ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Ying Ze Meng ◽  
Jian Min Yu ◽  
Zhi Min Zhang ◽  
Yao Jin Wu ◽  
Zheng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Texture Intensity ◽  
Dispersion Degree ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Coarse Grains ◽  
Zr Alloy

Severe plastic deformation can be produced by repetitive upsetting-extrusion process. Using the repetitive upsetting-extrusion (RUE) process at decreasing temperature, the Mg-12.0Gd-4.5Y-2.0Zn-0.4Zr (wt %) alloy was deformed by different RUE passes and then heat treated. The microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of the alloy were compared and analyzed. The results demonstrate that with the increase of deformation passes, the coarse grains of the alloy decreased, the dynamic recrystallization fraction increased, and the dynamic recrystallized grains phagocytized the original grains. This can promote the continuous refinement of the grains and the microstructure uniformity. The maximum texture intensity of the (0001) basal plane decreased significantly with the increase of processing passes and the dispersion degree of pole figure increased. The orientation of dynamic recrystallized grains was randomly distributed to weaken texture. Due to the refinement of microstructure and the weakening of texture, the tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy obviously increased at room temperature. The mechanical properties of the alloy reached the highest after 3 passes and heat treatment.

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