scholarly journals Políticas sin participación social: Poblamiento rural y abandono de asentamientos en la Sierra de Gata, 1450-1750

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-71
Author(s):  
Luis Vicente Clemente Quijada
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Travel Costs ◽  
Costs Analysis ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Settlement Structure ◽  
El Alto ◽  
Rural Depopulation ◽  
Peasant Community

This article analyzes the structure of the settlement in the land of Santibáñez el Alto between 1450 and 1750 in order to address the problem of rural depopulation. References and testimonies from fiscal and procedural sources and the travel costs analysis, shows that the peasant community developed a settlement structure which complemented the network of settlements and optimized the time of work of the peasantry since 1450, for being closer to the exploitation areas. This system begins its decline in the second half of the 16th century, when policies implemented from the Crown (sale of towns) and those developed from the local oligarchy (limitations on access to goods and services) had a negative impact its inhabitants. Finally, it is stated that the evolution of the settlements has been closely linked to the possibilities of community participation in its management and identity-making.

scholarly journals DEMOGRAPHIC BONUS ANALYSIS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH OF EAST JAVA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Amirusholihin ◽  
Listiono
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Solow Model ◽  
Dynamic Panel Model ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Impact

BKKBN predicts that Indonesia will get demographic bonus in 2020 until 2030. The question is whether the demographic bonus has a positive impact on the economy of East Java or even a negative impact. Based on data from BPS, by 2015 the workingage population in East Java is around 69.4 percent of the total population, while the child and old-age is 30.6 percent. The size of the working-age population is closely related to the amount of labor, which also greatly determines the amount of output on goods and services produced. This paper aims to explain how the impact of demographic bonuses on East Java's regional economy, based on the Solow model extended to include demographic variables. The analysis uses a dynamic panel model by 38 districts in East Java that have demographic bonuses in 2020 with GDP as a reference in determining the growth of economists. From these analyzes it can be seen the impact of demographic bonuses in East Java as an advantage or even create new spatial inequality between regions.

scholarly journals METHODS AND WAYS OF ASSESSMENT OF LOSSES FROM CORRUPTION THEFT IN PUBLIC SECTOR OF ECONOMY

2019 ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Aleksandrovich Konovalenko ◽  
Georgy Ismaylovich Harada ◽  
Nazirkhan Gadzhievich Gadzhiev
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Government

Implementation of the decisions made in the course of management of economic and socio-political development of the state causes the adequate financial flows forming the budgetary sphere of the state. The trouble in this sphere does not allow to provide the necessary level of economic growth, hampers reforming of the economy, makes negative impact on commercial and foreign economic activity, interferes with improvement of monetary and credit, tax, insurance and other spheres of the financial system of the Russian Federation. The offenses connected with corruption and theft of budget funds committed by officials at various levels significantly undermine the authority of the government, cause a growth of discontent of society and impact the social and economic situation in the country. The practice of identifying the offenses connected with theft of public funds and property shows that practically all spheres of the public sector of economy are, to a greater or lesser extent, subject to the risks of such crimes commitment. In this regard, a research of methods and ways of assessment of corruption theft amount in the public sector of the economy is an important and hot topic. The main types of public funds theft have been analyzed, including theft of budget funds allocated in the form of grants for targeted measures; theft by overcharging the prices of goods and services used for the state needs; the acquisition of inventory for personal use of the heads of public companies at the expense of the company, etc. The dynamics of the amount of budget crimes in the Ryazan region has been analyzed. It was inferred that corruption crimes in the public sector of the Ryazan region include fraud, abuse of power, abuse of authority, illegal participation in business, as well as taking bribes. A set of measures for preventing the above crimes has been proposed.

scholarly journals The importance of evaluation of economic determinants in public procurement processes in Slovakia in 2010–2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Tkacova ◽  
Beata Gavurova ◽  
Jakub Danko ◽  
Martin Cepel
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Limit Orders ◽  
Survey Sample ◽  
The Impact

Research background: Public procurement is designed to efficiently spend public sector financial resources. This should lead to savings in public funds. Domestic and foreign studies point to the fact that sufficient competition on the supply side is the condition for achieving those savings. Slovakia currently belongs to a group of countries with low competition on the supply side of the tender. Every year, about 10,000 tenders will be made in Slovakia for 5 billion Eur. However, contracting authorities have difficulty with establishing the estimated contract value and defining non-discriminatory criteria. On the other hand, contractors lack the expertise to prepare tenders, specifications are often tailored to specific bidders or products, and the price criterion has a negative impact on the quality of the goods and services purchased. Purpose of the article: The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of selected efficiency determinants on savings in public procurement in Slovakia in 2010–2016. The number of bids, the subcontractor's participation, the narrower competition and the impact of the narrower competition and the expected price on the number of bids have been examined. Methods: The survey sample consisted of 800 randomly selected public procurement con-tracts from different sectors in 2010–2016. The contracts were split on the basis of the median estimate of the above-limit (409 contracts) and below-limit (391 contracts) contracts; the divestment value was the estimated price of 400,000 Euro (without the tax). Findings & Value added: The number of offers positively influences the creation of savings in public procurement, an average of 5-6%. The impact of a narrow competition was significant, which led to a decrease in savings of 3-4% compared to the open competition if the sample was 800 contracts and over 400,000 Euro (without the tax). For below-limit orders, this determinant was shown to be statistically insignificant. The size of the contract did not affect the number of successful candidates. Also, the negative impact of narrower competition on the number of tenders was demonstrated. These findings are in line with the presented research studies. In the future, we plan to perform sectoral analyses to verify the validity of the hypotheses under review based on the results of our research.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on the trade of goods and services in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asier Minondo
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Trade Of Services ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on the trade of goods and services in Spain. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses monthly trade data at the product, region and firm level. Findings The COVID-19 crisis has led to the sharpest collapse in the Spanish trade of goods and services in recent decades. The containment measures adopted to arrest the spread of the virus have caused an especially intense fall of trade in services. The large share of transport equipment, capital goods, products that are consumed outdoors (i.e., outdoor goods) and tourism in Spanish exports has made the COVID-19 trade crisis more intense in Spain than in the rest of the European Union. Practical implications The nature of the collapse suggests that trade in goods can recover swiftly when the health crisis ends. However, COVID-19 may have a long-term negative impact on the trade of services that rely on the movement of people. Originality/value It contributes to understand how COVID-19 has affected the trade in goods and services in Spain.

Economy of households under conditions of pandemic instability

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
Mariana Fedyk
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Household Economy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Academic Paper ◽  
Absolute Criterion ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the academic paper lies in assessing the state of income, expenditure and savings of households under conditions of pandemic instability. The research methodology is based on the statistical analysis of data on income, resources and savings of households in Ukraine for 2010-2020. The scientific novelty involves identifying the positive and negative effects of the pandemic on the household economy. Conclusions. The positive and negative effects of the impact of spreading the pandemic on the household economy have been revealed in the research, and as a result, the decline in economic activity and the growth of unemployment in Ukraine. It has been determined that in the period of 2020 pandemic, costs decreased by 2% and resources increased by 3%. In 2020, the share of expenditures on food and non-alcoholic beverages increased from 46,6% to 48,1% in 2019, and on non-food goods and services - decreased from 41,5% to 39,8%. The population with per capita equivalent total income per month, below the actual subsistence level, was 8,9 million people in 2019 (23,1%), in 2020 – 8,8 million people (23,2%). Despite experts’ assessments of the likely increase in poverty as a result of COVID-19 spreading under two scenarios (according to the absolute criterion, it will increase from 27,2 to 43,6%; according to an absolute criterion, it will increase from 27,2 to 50,8%). It can be noted that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the poorest sections of the population with low incomes. It has been determined that in the context of social-economic impact of COVID-19, families who find it more difficult to diversify their own incomes are the most vulnerable ones. The following categories have been most affected by the pandemic (they will have had the largest increase in poverty compared to the baseline scenario), namely: households with three or more children; single parents with children; households with children under three; single retirees over 65 years.Along with this, thanks to the monetary policy that has ensured a stable level of inflation and return on deposits, the share of household deposits has increased the most in the last ten years to 27%. However, it is worth noting that quarantine and the COVID-19 pandemic have led to a trend towards a partial flow of population resources from time deposits to card and savings accounts. After all, citizens sought to have free money in case of unforeseen expenses due to the uncertainty of the future development of events. Key words: households, income, resources, consumer expenditures, economic crisis, pandemic instability, quarantine restrictions.

The Role of Trade Policy in Sustainable Tourism Inclusivity in Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Msafiri Njoroge
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Practical Sense

When local communities are allowed to participate fully in tourism trade activities either through supplying goods and services or direct employment in the tourism sector-inclusiveness of tourism, trade can be realized in a practical sense. Research indicates that, in most tourist destinations in Africa, the tourism trade continues to be characterized by environmental and social-cultural degradation and inadequate local community participation associated with revenue leakages and weak economic linkages. The mechanism on how tourism trade contributes inclusively on local communities' benefits such as inclusive growth and poverty alleviation remains unclear. Despite destination economies engaging in services liberalization, little evidence exists on how such trade policies have been beneficial at enhancing inclusive benefits of the tourism trade. Therefore, this chapter aims to clarify how trade policies can be employed to promote the inclusiveness of the tourism trade.

The Digitalization in the COVID-19 Era

2022 ◽  
pp. 284-304
Author(s):  
Inès Gharbi ◽  
Yomna Daoud ◽  
Aïda Kammoun
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Digital Processes ◽  
Insight Into

In December 2019, a new viral pneumonia called COVID-19 appeared in Wuhan, China causing a health crisis that then turned into an economic and social crisis. Since then, entire sectors of the economy have been slowing down, forcing them to integrate innovative digital processes to mitigate the negative impact of this crisis. In this regard, the purpose of the chapter is to initiate a reflection on digitization processes based on a review of the literature to help explain the concept. This work allowed spotlighting the existing research on digitalization through practical case studies in business, education, and health systems, and how organizations perceive digitalization during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors analyze how digital platforms can increase the survival rate of businesses in times of crisis and ensure the continuity of customers' access to the various goods and services. The purpose behind this is to serve as a basis for further empirical research for academics and improve the knowledge base by providing insight into the efforts of the sectors studied.

scholarly journals Disaster-Recovery Social Capital and Community Participation in Earthquake-Stricken Ya’an Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhichao Li ◽  
Xihan Tan
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Disaster Recovery ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Relationship Network ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Post Disaster

Social capital plays a significant role in post-disaster community participation and disaster recovery. This study divides social capital into three aspects: Cognition, structure, and relation, and discusses the impact of these factors on community participation in post-disaster recovery. Through data analysis, we found that a self-organized relationship villager network had a positive effect on villagers’ participation in voluntary community activities after an earthquake, while the local cadre relationship network had a negative impact. However, the latter could encourage villagers to participate in disaster-recovery activities organized by the local government. These findings indicate that the mobilization mechanism for post-disaster local-government reconstruction and community self-organization are the same, both coming through the social-acquaintance network, a type of noninstitutionalized social capital. The implication of this study suggests that local government should attach much importance to the construction and integration of social networks in earthquake-stricken areas to cultivate community social capital.

scholarly journals Problems of legal protection of industrial samples in enterprises in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 234-237
Author(s):  
Olga Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Industrial Design ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Business Entities

The article deals with the important problems that arise in the implementation of the legal protection of industrial designs in the enterprise in the course of their economic activity. One of the major problems associated with the legal regulation of the protection, use and protection of industrial property is the clash of the rights of some entities with the rights to other intellectual property. An example would be the collision of industrial design rights with copyright and trademark rights for goods and services. In addition, the concept of production has changed from mass to serial and customer-oriented, the life cycle of the product has been significantly reduced and its moral rapid aging has become dominant in its renewal. It was noted that there was a need to improve the legislation on industrial designs and the preliminary scientifically sound justification of strategic direction (from patenting to registration) and privacy before elaboration of relevant proposals and bills. The efficiency of legal protection of industrial designs in enterprises depends on the degree of perfection of the legislative framework. First of all, it is analyzed what violations of patent holders' rights can arise and what ways of overcoming them can be applied to reduce the negative impact of such violations on the economic growth of the enterprise. Please note that it is now very often necessary to identify major conflicting or problematic situations in granting legal protection to industrial designs and trademarks, as well as the question of the legislative and enforceable distribution of two types of exclusive rights. Often there are disputes about the relation between the legal protection of the industrial design and the trademark. This issue has been analyzed and specific proposals are made for amending existing legislation on industrial designs. Also considered are the types of patent strategies developed by major corporations in Japan, the US and Western Europe, such as: patent flood strategy, patent blocking strategy, combined patent strategy. And, based on this analysis, we recommend that they be put into practice by business entities to protect and safeguard their intellectual property rights.

scholarly journals Development of the region based on the activation of internal factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Ekaterina G. Leonidova
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
European North ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Internal Sources

The state of the economy of the Russian regions is to a considerable extent determined by the external environment, in the conditions of the negative impact of which on the socioeconomic processes, it is necessary to search for internal sources that reduce these restrictions. Their stimulation could minimize dependence on energy exports and fluctuations in the external economic situation, change the reproductive structure of the economy, and thereby ensure the socioeconomic development of the regions. The aim of the study is identifying and scientifically substantiating the activation of such internal factor as tourism, the potential of the latter being not fully utilized, but can stimulate regional development. The object of the research is the European North of Russia, where economy is dependent on the export of power resources. The subject of the study is the internal factors that ensure the development of regional socioeconomic systems. The information base of the study has been the statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service, the data of sociological surveys conducted by the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Vologda Research and the information of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). The study is based on the work of domestic and foreign scientists involved in ensuring economic growth and development of territories on the basis of tourism, in particular. The authors suggests a scientific approach that allows identifying reserves for stimulating regional development based on using the potential of internal factors of the socioeconomic subsystems of the region. The author stresses determines that for the European North of Russia the tourism subsystem with significant potential is a substantional factor of regional development.. Based on the analysis, it has been revealed that insufficient influence of tourism on the region’s economy is associated with the weak demand of the population for domestic tourism due to a lack of funds. In conclusion, areas that promote the consumption of tourist goods and services in the region are proposed.

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