scholarly journals Desigualdad social y toma de decisiones en los comunales: El gobierno del mayor canal de riego de España (la Acequia Real del Júcar, Valencia) en el siglo XIX

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-128
Author(s):  
Salvador Calatayud Giner ◽  
Samuel Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Main Canal ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Participation Mechanisms ◽  
The Government ◽  
Management Institutions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Over Time

We analyse the management institutions of a community irrigation system in Mediterranean Spain, the Acequia Real (Royal Canal) of the Júcar river, where social inequality among irrigators was high. We look at the changes in the canal's institutions over time. There were two levels of government institutions. Only the elites could participate in the first one, that is, the government of the main canal. Although the local management bodies that governed the successive derivations of the main canal included more people, not every irrigator had the right to be part of them, but there were informal participation mechanisms that allowed everyone to voice.

Transformative Constitutionalism

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-189
Author(s):  
Diego Werneck Arguelhes
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Public ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Status ◽  
Actual Change ◽  
The Government ◽  
Over Time

The Brazilian experience with a transformative constitution and an empowered constitutional court has so far been mixed. This chapter uses the case of Brazil to draw three sets of lessons. First, courts are part of the broader arrangement of government institutions which are shaped by elections over time; these dynamics may lead to mismatches between blueprints for constitutional transformation, over time and across different actors and institutions. In Brazil, such a mismatch initially led to the Supreme Court resisting the broad transformative mandate it had received in the new constitutional text. Second, a change in how courts describe their transformative mandate in their decisions is a poor measure of actual change in how they perform their role. Third, while judicial decisions might not be enough to transform existing patterns of inequality, they can still positively change the court’s standing before the public, in general, and scholars in particular. This scenario might lead courts to fashion an optical illusion: judges might choose cases with transformative potential and issue rulings requiring major, structural changes in the way the government deals with certain issues, only to refrain from following up on what happens after these decisions are taken. They reap the benefits of being associated with transformative discourse and move on to the next issue, leaving the status quo largely undisturbed. For these reasons, while the Brazilian experiment with transformative constitutionalism has not necessarily been unsuccessful, it should not be read as a success case of ‘court-centric’ approach to transformative constitutionalism when it comes to social rights and material inequality.

scholarly journals Late to the Party? Agile Methods in British and German Government Institutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Kupi
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
State Level ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Agile Methods ◽  
Funding Agency ◽  
Online Data ◽  
German Government ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Over Time

This thesis project developed an online data collection and analysis system to trace the evolution and spread of agile methods in British and German government institutions. Agile methods are rooted in the software development departments of the private sector and are characterised by an iterative development process that focuses on the user. As the digital transformation gains ground in the public sector, these methods are also becoming more relevant to government institutions. Yet, public management literature still lacks an understanding of the temporal and spatial evolution of this development. To fill this research gap, this study analysed the occurrence of agile methods related keywords on British and German government websites over time. A total of 49 government domains were crawled and 171,569 potentially agile related pages downloaded. After preprocessing (e.g. extracting the publishing organisation’s name and the publishing date) and cleaning the data, 451 relevant sites were left. The analysis showed that the number of agile related sites published by government institutions as well as the number of government domains publishing agile sites increased over time and particularly in recent years (289% increase in number of published sites from 2017 to 2019). Furthermore, it revealed that 84% of agile sites also mention digital transformation related keywords. German federal and state level institutions published a total of 74 agile related pages, the first one in 2015, and the most active bodies turned out to be the Federal Ministry of Labour & Social Aairs and the state of Baden-Württemberg. The Federal Government Office and the Bavarian government lead in terms of most detailed methods description. On the other hand, Britons have been discussing agile methods on their government web presences since 2011 (380 pages in total), while the lead institutions in terms of number of sites published are the Government Digital Service and the Cabinet Office. With regard to the depth of agile methods descriptions the leaders are the Home Office and the Education & Skills Funding Agency. When comparing British and German central government ministerial departments, the wide lead – in terms of all three, quantity, timing, and depth – of the British institutions becomes apparent. To catch up, Germans should more strongly acknowledge the strategic relevance of agile methods for government’s digital transformation, and consider establishing distinct lighthouse institutions that internally push the application of agile methods and openly talk about it so that other institutions can follow. Future work could include further relevant actors such as NGOs, consultancies or media outlets in the analysis to possibly reveal who ”drives” the adoption of agile methods in government institutions.

scholarly journals Tax Regime in Nepal-Implications on Human Rights

2018 ◽  
pp. 68-85
Author(s):  
Dagan Omwesiga
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Right To Food ◽  
The Government ◽  
Bar Association ◽  
The Right ◽  
Over Time

This paper examines how tax abuse affects the realization of human rights in Nepal. Nepal is losing approximately 597 million US dollars through tax evasion and other illicit fi nancial fl ows annually; it is no surprise that over 25.2 percent of the population lives below the national poverty line.1 This shows that they lack access to basic human rights such as the right to food, the right to housing, the right to clothing and above all, the right to health. This article explores how human rights in Nepal have evolved over time and how they are protected along with the available remedies through national and international mechanisms. Additionally, it examines the available mechanisms and remedies for the breach of human rights. To contextualize the concept offered, this write-up explores the research produced by scholars and the steps that have been taken by organizations like United Nations and the International Bar Association to establish a link between illicit fi nancial fl ows and violation of human rights. In conclusion, the paper provides some recommendations to both the government of Nepal and business enterprises.

scholarly journals An Analytical Study of Policy, Politics and Bureaucracy Regarding Meritocracy in the Selection of Head for the Federal Government Institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-410
Author(s):  
Dr. Ghulam Nabi ◽  
Dr. Nazir Haider Shah ◽  
Dr. Faheem Ghazanfar
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Selection Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Recruitment And Selection ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this study was to investigate meritocracy in the selection of top positions in the federal government offices from the context of politics, bureaucracy, and selection policies. This research uses the five-point Likert scale, ranging from strongly agree to disagree. The data was collected from the officers working regularly in the different ministries of the federal government through a personally administered survey questionnaire with a 78% response rate. An assortment of key findings was noted among which the most prominent one is the issue of meritocracy which affects the right selection of public servants in the government institutions. Secondly, it was also noted that the recruitment and selection policies are also affecting the effectiveness of right selection. Thirdly, one of the important findings of this study was the political impact on equality of gender-based selection. It has been concluded in this study as highlighted in earlier studies that relevant authorities have to pay attention to balancing gender equality by avoiding political influence. Furthermore, this research suggests conducting further research to analyze other aspects of underlying factors causing gender inequality in the selection of bureau heads.

scholarly journals COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AS A GUARANTEE DEMOCRATIC MECHANISM OF ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
pp. 69-91
Author(s):  
Romeu Thomé ◽  
José Cláudio Junqueira Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Popular Participation ◽  
Democratic Principle ◽  
Participation Mechanisms ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

This paper aims to analyze the mechanisms of popular participation in environmental impact assessment as a result of the application of the democratic principle in environmental field. It is found that, in Brazil, despite already covered by the environmental standards in force, popular participation is limited to specific times of the licensing procedure, weakening its role of supporting decision-making by the Government and hindering the adoption of measures socially and environmentally fair. One of the premises of a Democratic and Environmental rule of law is that citizens have the right (and duty) of actively participate in making decisions that may affect the environmental balance. Therefore, it is necessary the improvement and expansion of participation mechanisms in the analysis procedures of environmental impact assessment.

Nazistowski mord na Żydach w prasie polskich komunistów (1942–1944).

2006 ◽  
pp. 54-75
Author(s):  
Klaus Peter Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
The Political ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post War ◽  
Polish Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Political Right

Facing the decisive struggle between Nazism and Soviet communism for dominance in Europe, in 1942/43 Polish communists sojourning in the USSR espoused anti-German concepts of the political right. Their aim was an ethnic Polish ‘national communism’. Meanwhile, the Polish Workers’ Party in the occupied country advocated a maximum intensification of civilian resistance and partisan struggle. In this context, commentaries on the Nazi judeocide were an important element in their endeavors to influence the prevailing mood in the country: The underground communist press often pointed to the fate of the murdered Jews as a warning in order to make it clear to the Polish population where a deficient lack of resistance could lead. However, an agreed, unconditional Polish and Jewish armed resistance did not come about. At the same time, the communist press constantly expanded its demagogic confrontation with Polish “reactionaries” and accused them of shared responsibility for the Nazi murder of the Jews, while the Polish government (in London) was attacked for its failure. This antagonism was intensified in the fierce dispute between the Polish and Soviet governments after the rift which followed revelations about the Katyn massacre. Now the communist propaganda image of the enemy came to the fore in respect to the government and its representatives in occupied Poland. It viewed the government-in-exile as being allied with the “reactionaries,” indifferent to the murder of the Jews, and thus acting ultimately on behalf of Nazi German policy. The communists denounced the real and supposed antisemitism of their adversaries more and more bluntly. In view of their political isolation, they coupled them together, in an undifferentiated manner, extending from the right-wing radical ONR to the social democrats and the other parties represented in the underground parliament loyal to the London based Polish government. Thereby communist propaganda tried to discredit their opponents and to justify the need for a new start in a post-war Poland whose fate should be shaped by the revolutionary left. They were thus paving the way for the ultimate communist takeover

THE IDEA OF «COMMUNITY» IN THE GOVERNMENT CONCEPTS OF GALICIA OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Liubomyr Ilyn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize the views of social and political thinkers of Galicia in the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. on the right and manner of organizing a nation-state as a cathedral. Method. The methodology includes a set of general scientific, special legal, special historical and philosophical methods of scientific knowledge, as well as the principles of objectivity, historicism, systematic and comprehensive. The problem-chronological approach made it possible to identify the main stages of the evolution of the content of the idea of catholicity in Galicia's legal thought of the 19th century. Results. It is established that the idea of catholicity, which was borrowed from church terminology, during the nineteenth century. acquired clear legal and philosophical features that turned it into an effective principle of achieving state unity and integrity. For the Ukrainian statesmen of the 19th century. the idea of catholicity became fundamental in view of the separation of Ukrainians between the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires. The idea of unity of Ukrainians of Galicia and the Dnieper region, formulated for the first time by the members of the Russian Trinity, underwent a long evolution and received theoretical reflection in the work of Bachynsky's «Ukraine irredenta». It is established that catholicity should be understood as a legal principle, according to which decisions are made in dialogue, by consensus, and thus able to satisfy the absolute majority of citizens of the state. For Galician Ukrainians, the principle of unity in the nineteenth century. implemented through the prism of «state» and «international» approaches. Scientific novelty. The main stages of formation and development of the idea of catholicity in the views of social and political figures of Halychyna of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries are highlighted in the work. and highlighting the distinctive features of «national statehood» that they promoted and understood as possible in the process of unification of Ukrainian lands into one state. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in further historical and legal studies, preparation of special courses.

Capital californiano, necesidad presupuestal y cambio político: Juan Temple y el arrendamiento de la Casa de Moneda de México, 1827–1857

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-351
Author(s):  
Omar Velasco Herrera
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Las Casas ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The Government

Durante la primera mitad del siglo xix, las necesidades presupuestales del erario mexicano obligaron al gobierno a recurrir al endeudamiento y al arrendamiento de algunas de las casas de moneda más importantes del país. Este artículo examina las condiciones políticas y económicas que hicieron posible el relevo del capital británico por el estadounidense—en estricto sentido, californiano—como arrendatario de la Casa de Moneda de México en 1857. Asimismo, explora el desarrollo empresarial de Juan Temple para explicar la coyuntura política que hizo posible su llegada, y la de sus descendientes, a la administración de la ceca de la capital mexicana. During the first half of the nineteenth century, the budgetary needs of the Mexican treasury forced the government to resort to borrowing and leasing some of the most important mints in the country. This article examines the political and economic conditions that allowed for the replacement of British capital by United States capital—specifically, Californian—as the lessee of the Mexican National Mint in 1857. It also explores the development of Juan Temple’s entrepreneurship to explain the political circumstances that facilitated his admission, and that of his descendants, into the administration of the National Mint in Mexico City.

New Approach for Comparison of Countries’ Achievements in Science Olympiads

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Mile JOVANOV ◽  
Marija MIHOVA ◽  
Bojan KOSTADINOV ◽  
Emil STANKOV
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
The Government ◽  
Valuable Content

There are several International Olympiads for secondary school students (for example, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and informatics). These Olympiads are not just a science competition, but a means to care for talent in the particular science. The goal of this paper is to identify the necessary topics important for good results at these international contests, and to compare the contest systems for the countries in South Eastern Europe, in the field of Informatics (Computer Science), as a region that is one of the prominent world regions in the context of high results in the international competitions. Here, we provide comparison through detailed analysis of several countries, and further we present a new approach that may be used to compare the achievements of the countries based on the results that students achieved at these competitions. Finally, we present an application of this approach on the results of some of the discussed countries compared to Macedonia. We strongly believe that the paper will provide a valuable content and approach for the entities involved in the organization of the contests, to measure their results compared to other countries, to use the information for improvement, and to use their achievements to raise awareness among the government institutions and companies in order to get support from them.

Tanggung Jawab Hukum Penilai Publik terhadap Laporan Penilaian Kegiatan Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum (Studi Atas Kantor Jasa Penilai Publik Toto Suharto)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gagah Yaumiyya Riyoprakoso ◽  
AM Hasan Ali ◽  
Fitriyani Zein
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Systematic Explanation

This study is based on the legal responsibility of the assessment of public appraisal reports they make in land procurement activities for development in the public interest. Public assessment is obliged to always be accountable for their assessment. The type of research found in this thesis is a type of normative legal research with the right-hand of the statue approach and case approach. Normative legal research is a study that provides systematic explanation of rules governing a certain legal category, analyzing the relationship between regulations explaining areas of difficulty and possibly predicting future development. . After conducting research, researchers found that one of the causes that made the dispute was a lack of communication conducted between the Government and the landlord. In deliberation which should be the place where the parties find the meeting point between the parties on the magnitude of the damages that will be given, in the field is often used only for the delivery of the assessment of the compensation that has been done.

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