BREEDING SOURCE MATERIAL OF TABLE CARROT RESISTANT TO EARLY BLIGHT ON AN ARTIFICIAL INFECTIOUS BACKGROUND

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
L.M. SOKOLOVA ◽  
◽  
O.O. BELOSHAPKINA ◽  
V.I. LEUNOV ◽  
A.N. KHOVRIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Spore Suspension ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Visual Assessments ◽  
Subsequent Selection ◽  
Resistance Of Varieties

The paper presents the results of an immunological assessment of the lesion of table carrot varieties by Alternaria on an artificial infectious background in the conditions of the Moscow region in 2011–2019. To carry out visual assessments of the resistance of varieties, seeds were sown on an artificial infectious soil background of A. radicina (root confinement), additionally with subsequent spraying of plants with a spore suspension of A. dauci (leaf confinement). The studied varietal material of table carrots was divided into groups depending on the resistance – susceptibility range. The studies were based on successive selections of resistant plants (genotypes) over 6–8 years, even with a minimal number of them. As a result of four cycles of selection against an artificial infectious background of genotypes (plants) at different stages of ontogenesis, an increase in resistance was noticed. Each subsequent selection was characterized not only by the number of relatively resistant plants in the studied variety populations increased, but also the decreased average score of their lesion. Based on this, the authors have identified the breeding material of table carrots with high resistance to alternariosis.

Устойчивые сорта корнеплодов в муссонном климате юга Дальнего Востока России

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.G. Mikheev ◽  
I.A. Vanyushkina ◽  
V.I. Leunov
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Source Material ◽  
The South ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
The Russian Far East ◽  
Resistance To Diseases

Представлены результаты изучения исходного материала столовой моркови и свеклы разного эколого-географического происхождения по устойчивости к патогенной флоре. Для условий Дальнего Востока созданы высокопродуктивные, устойчивые к патогенам сорта и гибриды столовых корнеплодов.The article presents the results of the study of the source material of table carrots and beets of different ecological and geographical origin for resistance to diseases. Geniuses for breeding of high-productive variety samples of root crops with rather high resistance to diseases in the conditions of the South of the Russian Far East are revealed.

scholarly journals Influence of bulls-producers on productivity and longevity of subsidiaries

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Alexey Vladimirovich Stepanov ◽  
Olga Aleksandrovna Bykova ◽  
Olga Gennadievna Loretz ◽  
Olga Sergeevna Chechenikhina ◽  
Olga Nikolaevna Aksenova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Productivity Indicators

The mean group values  of phenotypes of the daughters of each bull were determined and taken into account for the milk yield for 305 days of maximum lactation, longevity (the number of full lactations) and life-long milk yield. As the source material, we used the data of pedigree cows of the black-motley breed of SPK Kolginsky. They were estimated 7,468 heads of cows that were left between 2003 and 2018. The highest longevity and the lifetime milk yield were characterized by the daughters of bulls of the line M. Chiftein 95679. An average of 30556.64 kg of milk was received from them for 4.73 lactations. It exceeded the average value in the sample: by longevity – by 0.24 lactation (5.3%), by life-long milk yield – by 351.01 kg (1.1%). In the Vis Beck Aydial 1013415line, in order to increase the period of productive use of cows, the bull Auction 7318 should be preferred. Among bulls of the Reflex Sovering 198998 line, the breeding material of the bull Solo 62181522 should be used more widely. In the Montvik Chiftein95679 line, the best combination of longevity and lifetime productivity indicators were in daughter of the bull   Emos 61280669.        

scholarly journals The results of the use of winter forms of Triticum durum Desf. in the selection of spring durum wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Yanovsky ◽  
◽  
A.A. Mudrova ◽  
L.A. Bespalova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Wheat Group ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf ◽  
Selection Of

Variety of spring durum wheat ‘Yadritsa’ and new promising lines were created using a winter component. The new breeding material belongs to the short-stemmed wheat group with high resistance to lodging (8–9 points) and exceeds the standard variety in productivity by 0.7–1.5 tons per 1 ha while maintaining high grain quality.

scholarly journals Identifying sources of resistance to late blight and black scurf, and other economically useful traits among interspecific potato hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Z. Z. Evdokimova ◽  
M. V. Kalashnik
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Black Scurf ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Promising Source

Background. This publication presents the results of a four-year (2016–2019) study undertaken to assess potato hybrids from the nurseries of preliminary tests and the nursery of the second tuber generation for their resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary and Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn in the environments of Leningrad Province. Potato forms with a set of economically useful traits were identified as promising source material for further breeding.Materials and methods. The study covered the interspecific hybrids developed on the basis of the following species: Solanum vernei Bitt. et Wittm., S. megistacrolobum Bitt., S. chacoense Bitt., S. demissum Lindl., S. verrucosum Schelechtd., S. stoloniferum Schlechtd., S. polytrichon Rydb., S. andigenum Yuz. et Buk., S. rybinii Yuz. et Buk., and S. tuberosum Lindl. Late blight and black scurf resistance tests were performed using the methods approved for the potato selection technology.Results and conclusions. The possibility to select potato genotypes with high and medium resistance of their tops and tubers was ascertained under severe natural infection with P. infestans and R. solani. In the preliminary test nursery, from 4.0 to 62.0% of the tested accessions demonstrated high plant top resistance to late blight, and from 21.6 to 58.0% possessed tuber resistance. The analysis of resistance to black scurf showed that the average score for several years in the preliminary test nursery ranged from 6.3 to 7.6 points (the scale from 9 down to 1), while the percentage of highly resistant accessions was in the range of 25.9–70.7%. In the nursery of the second tuber generation, the average resistance across the years of study varied from 6.3 to 7.8 points, with the percentage of highly resistant hybrids ranging from 27.0 to 87.1%. The selected hybrids were distinguished by their increased productivity (31.4–42.9 t/ha), high marketability of tubers (89–98%), and dry matter content (16.6–19.5%). Source material with a set of economically useful features promising for breeding was identified. 

scholarly journals The use of gene technologies in the genomic-index assessment of producers of Canadian breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Nurmagomed Bukarov ◽  
Vasily Zakharov ◽  
Shamsutdin Hashegulgov ◽  
Ibragim Taov ◽  
Tsray Kagermazov
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Goal Achievement ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Breeding Goal ◽  
Gene Technologies

The article provides an assessment of the use of gene technologies in the genomic-index assessment of producers in the conditions of farms in the Moscow region, which allows to provide dairy farming with high-quality breeding material. Genomic index assessment accelerates the breeding goal achievement process. It contributed to an increase in the productivity of cattle, an increase in the profitability of cattle breeding, which allows to reduce the time for creating breeding herds of dairy cattle by 2 times. Of the 15 bulls, 10 (67%) were evaluated by the A1-A3 breeding categories. Two bulls were categorized as neutral. The bull Ecuador received the A2B1 breeding categories. The daughters of this bull are fat and milk enhancers, which is 4.46%, with a milk yield of 12432 kg of milk.

scholarly journals PLASTICITY AND STABILITY OF SUSTAINABILITY TO THE SUSPICIOUS DISEASES OF CANCER OF THE GENERAL

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Mazur ◽  
Olena Mazur
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
High Response ◽  
High Ductility ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Hydrothermal Regime ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
High Reaction

The article highlights the varieties of common beans with high resistance to disease. Sorto samples are differentiated according to their reaction to change of hydrothermal conditions. Selected breeding material with a high response to improving the conditions of cultivation, as well as with a conservative reaction to agrophon change. Among sorts of beans, the usual highest resistance to Fusariosis was provided by variety samples: UD0303528 – 91,6%, UD0303600 – 91,1%, UD0303610 – 89,8%, UD0303543 and UD0303557 – 89,4%. According to the reaction to improve the hydrothermal regime with high resistance to the damage to plants by fusariosis, the best grades were UD03032543, UD0303557 and UD0303610. A more conservative reaction to the change in hydrothermal conditions of cultivation was observed in sorts samples: UD0303600 and UD0303528, these sorts samples provided the highest homeostasis – 22,8 and 22,2. According to resistance to bacteriosis, sorted specimens were distinguished: UD0303601 – 93,2%, UD0303557 – 92,2%, UD0303526 – 92,5%, UD0303543 – 91,9%, UD0303513 – 91,3%, UD0303610 – 90,8%. Among these sorts of specimens with a high reaction to improve the hydrothermal regime were: UD0303543, UD0303557, UD0303610, UD0303513. The conservative varieties of agrofon were: UD0303526, UD0303601. The highest resistance to the virus mosaic during the years of research was characterized by sorts of specimens: UD0303543 – 90,1%, UD0303557 – 85,2%, UD0303610 – 84,7%. Among these sorts of specimens - UD0303543, UD0303610 was characterized by a high reaction to improvement of hydrothermal regime, and UD0303557 more conservative reaction to change agrofon. The highest resistance to yellow viral mosaic during the years of research has been identified by variety samples: UD0303790 – 86,3% and UD0301032 – 84,0%. These variety samples responded well to the improvement of the hydrothermal regime, providing a high resistance to yellow viral mosaics. The highest resistance to lesions by ascocytosis was provided by variety specimens: UD0303528 – 85,3%, UD0303600 – 84,6%, UD0303598 – 83,7%, UD0303557 – 83,9%. The highest resistance to disease was provided by variety specimens characterized by high ductility, namely: UD0303528, UD0303600 and UD0303557.

Efficiency of selection–biotechnological system of selection for creation of breeding source material of sunflower resistant to herbicides and broomrape

Helia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Babych ◽  
Mykola Kuchuk ◽  
Yaroslava Sharipina ◽  
Miroslav Parii ◽  
Yaroslav Parii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Immature Embryos ◽  
Hybrid Combination ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

Abstract The sunflower is a strategically important oil crop. Every year the area under this crop grows, and the rapid returning of sunflowers back to the fields provokes the formation of new more aggressive races of broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.). Broomrape is a parasite that interferes with the normal development of sunflower and can lead to significant crop losses. For creating a sunflower hybrid (F1) it is needed to cross the parental components, which have a complex of important traits, among which there is a resistance to the herbicides and a broomrape. Considering that the creation of each of the components of the hybrid involves many years of painstaking work in the breeding process, modern approaches and methods are used to accelerate the creation of a new source material. Thus, using the technology of cultivating immature embryos in vitro culture, it is possible to reduce the time to create lines resistant to herbicides, for example. And during selection for resistance to pathogenic organisms, testing is most often used against an artificial infectious background, both in the field and in laboratory conditions, in order to differentiate the material on this basis. The aim of this work was to establish the effectiveness system when creating an initial breeding material resistant to herbicides and broomrape. As a result of testing the lines on an artificial infectious background, was identified plants which have high resistance to the G-race broomrape and were isolated from hybrid combinations resistant to tribenuron-methyl and imidazolinones. Thus, among the analyzed plants which are resistant to tribenuron‐methyl, four lines were isolated, which are highly resistant to the G-race broomrape from a hybrid combinations BH0118/SURES–2 (101/1, 101/4, 101/6, 101/7), and BH0318/SURES–2 (101/21, 101/24, 101/28, 101/30), and five lines (101/11, 101/12, 101/16, 101/17, 101/18) from a hybrid combination BH0218/SURES–2. Among imidazolinone-resistant sunflower lines – line 3 was isolated as highly resistant to the G-race broomrape.

scholarly journals Features of morphotypic selection in populations of Serratula coronata L. cultivated in the conditions of the Moscow region

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (48) ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Khanumidi ◽  
Irina Korotkih
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Serratula Coronata ◽  
Composition Determination ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Cultivated Populations

The article presents the results of morphotypic analysis of populations of perennial medicinal and fodder crops cultivated in the Moscow region (Serratula coronata L.). In the introduction, the botanical characteristics of the crowned sickle are given, the prospects and advantages of phytoecdysteroids obtained from raw materials are noted. The aim of the study is a comparative assessment of cultivated populations of S. coronata by morphotypic composition, determination of the age period for the selection of initial forms for breeding. The object of the study was the different geographical origin S. coronata three cultivated populations (Samarskaya, Belgorodskaya, Syktyvkarskaya from Rep. Komi). We have tested the application of methods for assessing varieties by uniformity, distinctness, stability for morphotypic selection in the population when creating improved, initial and breeding material. The article presents the results of the analysis of the morphotypic composition of populations by morphological characteristics and the productivity of raw materials according to long-term data (2013-2017, Moscow region, VILAR), the age period during which morphotypic selection should be carried out is established, morphotypes that are of the greatest value during selection are identified and described. The age period during which morphotypic selection should be carried out is established: 3-5 year, since the morphotype is fully formed by the 3rd year. It is established that plants in cultivated populations of Serratula coronata are represented by 2-3 morphotypes based on the height and leafiness of the generative shoot, the length of the stem leaves and the mass of the shoot. When selecting, the highest value is represented by tall morphotypes with medium-length leaves (~60-70% of them in each population), but morphotypes with medium leafiness should be selected among them (only ~41-51% of them in each population, only in the Syktyvkarskaya population – up to 69 %). The results of the study are relevant in the aspect of creating an improved, initial and breeding material of the Serratula coronata. Keywords: MEDICINAL PLANTS, SERRATULA CORONATA L., PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY, MORPHOTYPE, POPULATION, PRODUCTIVITY, QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS, SELECTION

scholarly journals Creation of pollinating lines for carrots

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
А.В. Корнев ◽  
Л.М. Соколова ◽  
А.Н. Ховрин ◽  
В.И. Леунов ◽  
М.А. Косенко
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Selection Of

Селекцией моркови столовой в России занимаются ФГБНУ ФНЦО, Агрохолдинг «Поиск», ООО «Селекционная станция имени Н.Н. Тимофеева» и другие. Цель работы – подбор исходного материала и создание новых линий-опылителей моркови столовой с одновременной доработкой имеющихся в генетической коллекции ВНИИО-филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦО. Исследования проводили в 2011-2019 годах в условиях Московской области на экспериментальной базе и в селекционном центре ВНИИО-филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦО. Материалом для работы служили сорта и гибриды отечественной и иностранной селекции, селекционный материал, полученный от межлинейных и межсортовых скрещиваний. Селекционную работу проводили методом многократного инбридинга (до I3-4). По мере отработанности селекционного материала на устойчивость к альтернариозу и фузариозу, морфологическую выровненность, переходили на сибсовые скрещивания. Селекционный процесс по созданию новых линий-опылителей осуществлялся в питомнике исходного материала и селекционном питомнике. В результате селекционной работы было получено 14 новых линий-опылителей моркови столовой и доработаны 4 линии, имеющиеся в генетической коллекции ВНИИО-филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦО. Большая часть линий-опылителей (5 шт.) принадлежит сортотипу Курода, четыре - Берликум/Нантская, по три – Берликум, Флакке, две – Шантенэ, одна – Нантская. Общая урожайность линий варьирует от 70,9 до 110,0 т/га. Наибольшую урожайность формировали линии 93-2, 98, 56-2. Значительные пределы содержания β-каротина (11,1 – 16,8 мг%) связаны с происхождением линий. Отмечено, что инбредные линии, полученные из исходного материала иностранной селекции содержат меньше β-каротина. Шесть линий относятся к позднеспелым, десять – к среднеспелым, две – к раннеспелым. В результате оценки инбредных линий по устойчивости к грибным болезням установлено, что 16 линий принадлежат к слабовосприимчивым на инфекционных и естественном фонах, две линии – средневосприимчивые: 805 – на инфекционном фоне Alternaria, REW – по двум инфекционным фонам. На естественном фоне все линии относятся к слабовосприимчивым. The selection of carrots in Russia is carried out by FSBSI FSVC, Agroholding «Poisk», LLC «Breeding station named after N.N. Timofeeva» and others. The purpose of the work is to select the initial material and create new pollinating lines for carrots with the simultaneous refinement of those in the genetic collection of the ARRIVG- a branch of the FSBSI FSVC. The studies were carried out in 2011-2019 in the conditions of the Moscow region on the experimental base and in the selection center of the ARRIVG - a branch of the FSBSI FSVC. The material for the work was varieties and hybrids of domestic and foreign selection, breeding material obtained from interline and intervarietal crosses. The breeding work was carried out by the method of multiple inbreeding (up to I3-4). As the breeding material worked out for resistance to Alternariaand Fusarium, morphological uniformity, they switched to sib crosses. The breeding process for the creation of new pollinator lines was carried out in the nursery of the source material and the breeding nursery. As a result of breeding work, 14 new lines-pollinators of carrots were obtained and 4 lines, which are available in the genetic collection of the ARRIVG- a branch of the FSBSI FSVC, were modified. Most of the pollinator lines (5 pcs.) belong to the Kuroda variety type, four - Berlikum/Nantes, three each - Berlikum, Flakke, two - Chantenay, one - Nantes. The total yield of the lines varies from 70.9 to 110.0 t/ha. The highest yield was formed by lines 93-2, 98, 56-2. Significant limits of β-carotene content (11.1 - 16.8 mg%) are associated with the origin of the lines. It was noted that inbred lines obtained from the source material of foreign selection contain less β-carotene. Six lines are late maturing, ten are mid-maturing, two are early maturing. As a result of the assessment of inbred lines for resistance to fungal diseases, it was found that 16 lines belong to weakly susceptible on infectious and natural backgrounds, two lines are moderately susceptible: 805 - according to the infectious background Alternaria, REW - according to two infectious backgrounds. On a natural background, all lines are weakly receptive.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF BICARPIC POPULATIONS OF BLACK MEDIC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Stepanova ◽  
Alexandra Vorsheva
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Medicago Lupulina ◽  
Selection Number ◽  
Mutant Forms

15 populations of black medic (Medicago lupulina L.) of various ecological and geo-graphical origin were studied by the type of ontogenesis. It was found that 1 population is represented entirely by monocarp forms of plants, 7 populations have 20–60% of mono-carps. Wild alfalfa from the Moscow region and mutant forms created on its basis consist of 100% bicarpic plants. Bicarpic plants of varieties Georgia, Nordol, Rinata and selection number LH19-3, whose average dry matter productivity was 40.8–48.0 g/plant, are valuable as a source material for breeding of black medic. As sources of high seed prod-uctivity (10.0 and 10.3 g/plant), you can use bicarpic plants of the selection number VIK 256 and Georgia varieties, and high leafed (52.4 and 55.3%) — selection numbers DS-1 and VIK 61/94.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document