scholarly journals FORMATION OF BICARPIC POPULATIONS OF BLACK MEDIC

Author(s):  
Galina Stepanova ◽  
Alexandra Vorsheva

15 populations of black medic (Medicago lupulina L.) of various ecological and geo-graphical origin were studied by the type of ontogenesis. It was found that 1 population is represented entirely by monocarp forms of plants, 7 populations have 20–60% of mono-carps. Wild alfalfa from the Moscow region and mutant forms created on its basis consist of 100% bicarpic plants. Bicarpic plants of varieties Georgia, Nordol, Rinata and selection number LH19-3, whose average dry matter productivity was 40.8–48.0 g/plant, are valuable as a source material for breeding of black medic. As sources of high seed prod-uctivity (10.0 and 10.3 g/plant), you can use bicarpic plants of the selection number VIK 256 and Georgia varieties, and high leafed (52.4 and 55.3%) — selection numbers DS-1 and VIK 61/94.

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
М.А. Долгополова ◽  
Л.Н. Тимакова

Для повышения уровня механизации производства свеклы столовой важное значение имеет признак раздельноплодности, который позволяет исключить проведение прореживания растений в рядках. Создание раздельноплодных сортов и гибридов длительный и трудоемкий процесс, который осложняется не ясным до конца механизмом наследования этого признака. Цель исследований – создать раздельноплодный исходный материал свеклы столовой с комплексом хозяйственно ценных признаков. Исследования проводили в 2015–2020 годах во ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО. Изучение и описание линий столовой свеклы проводили согласно «Методическим указаниям ВИР по изучению и поддержанию в живом виде мировой коллекции корнеплодов». Полевые опыты закладывали на Центральной части Москворецкой поймы (Раменский район Московской области). Почва аллювиальная, луговая, среднесуглинистая, хорошо окультуренная, с мощным гумусовым горизонтом. Метеорологические условия 2015–2020 годов складывались благоприятно для формирования корнеплодов и созревания семян свеклы столовой, за исключением условий 2017 и 2018 годов, которые повлияли на сроки вегетации растений, но не помешали получить посевной и посадочный материал. В качестве исходного материала использовали 5 сортов отечественной и зарубежной селекции (Бордо односемянная, Модана, Моника, Фортуна и Хавская односемянная). Агротехнические мероприятия выполнены в соответствии с требованиями, принятыми для Центрального региона Нечерноземной зоны РФ. Оценку поражения церкоспорозом проводили визуально по пятибалльной шкале Н.И. Салунской. Содержание сухого вещества в корнеплодах определяли термостатно-весовым методом; содержание сахаров в соке – рефрактометрическим методом; содержание бетанина – спектрофотометрическим методом. Уровень плодности семенных растений оценивали визуально во время бутонизации до начала цветения. Для проведения самоопыления использовали только растения с уровнем раздельноплодности 99 и 100%. Изолировали растения до начала цветения под индивидуальными изоляторами из нетканого материала спанбонд, плотностью 80 г/м². Выделено две линии из сорта Моника. Степень раздельноплодности у линии №1 составила 97%, у линии №4–90%. Эти линии характеризуются округлой формой корнеплода с темно-красной окраской мякоти. В корнеплодах содержится растворимых сахаров 6,6–6,3%, сухого вещества и бетанина – 11,2–12,8% и 133,3–130,8 мг/100 г соответственно. To increase the level of mechanization of the production of dining beet, the sign of separation is important, which allows to exclude the decimation of plants in rows. The creation of separate fruit varieties and hybrids is a long and time-consuming process, which is complicated by the mechanism of inheritance of this feature that is not fully clear. The purpose of the research is to create a separate source material of canteen beets with a complex of economically valuable features. Research was carried out in 2015–2020 in ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSCVG. The study and description of the dining lines of beets was carried out in accordance with the «Methodological Guidelines of the VIR for the study and living maintenance of the world collection of root crops». Field experiments were carried out on the central part of the Moskvoretskaya floodplain (Ramensky district of Moscow region). The soil is alluvial, meadow, medium-grained, well-cultured, with a powerful humus horizon. Meteorological conditions of 2015–2020 developed favorably for the formation of root crops and the ripening of beet seeds in the dining room, with the exception of the conditions of 2017 and 2018, which affected the timing of plant vegetation, but did not prevent the production of sowing and planting material. As a starting material, 5 varieties of domestic and foreign breeding were used (Bordeaux single-seeded, Modana, Monica, Fortuna and Havskaya single-seeded). Agrotechnical measures were carried out in accordance with the requirements adopted for the Central region of the Non-Black Earth Zone of RF. The cercosporosis assessment was evaluated visually on the five-point scale of N.I. Salunskaya. The content of dry matter in root crops was determined by thermostatic-weight method; sugar content in juice – by the refractometric method; betanine content – by the spectrophotometric method. The level of fertility of seed plants was assessed visually during butonization before flowering. To carry out self-pollination, only plants with a separation level of 99 and 100% were used. Plant insulation was carried out before flowering under individual insulators made of Spanbond nonwoven material with a density of 80 g/m². Two lines from the Monica variety were isolated. The degree of separation at line No1 was 97%, at line No4–90%. These lines are characterized by a rounded shape of the root fruit with a dark red color of the pulp. The root crops of soluble sugars contain 6.6–6.3%, dry matter and betanin – 11.2–12.8% and 133.3–130.8 mg/100 g accordingly.


2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012054
Author(s):  
G V Stepanova

Abstract It was found that the most promising strains of nodule bacteria XM1 and 412b are the most promising for inoculation of the Mira variety, the former increased the collection of dry matter by 96%, the latter by 81%, seeds by 115 and 73%. Strain XM1 was isolated from the nodules of the same wild population of alfalfa in the hop-like Moscow region from which the variety Mira was formed by the method of chemical mutagenesis. Strains 412b and XM 1 can be recommended for pre-sowing inoculation of the Mira variety when cultivated for feed and seeds, and the XM6 strain - when cultivated for seeds. The latter increases the seed yield by 84%, and the green mass by only 31%. Strains XM2, XM5 and XM6 shift the metabolism of the alfalfa-rhizobial system towards an increase in the number of seeds. The proportion of seeds increases to 24-31% of the mass of the entire plant, in other symbiotic systems this figure is 19-22%. A promising breeding number of hop alfalfa VIC 26 has been created, which is 58% more productive than the Mira variety when grown in the traditional way and by 65% when inoculated with the A2 strain.


HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junne-Jih Chen ◽  
Ming-Chung Liu ◽  
Yang-Hsiu Ho

Tuber production of calla lily (Zantedeschia elliottiana Spreng cv. Super Gold) was investigated using three size ranges (7-10, 4-7, and <4 mm shoot diameter) of in vitro plantlets acclimated in either pots or soil beds in a protected house. The shoots and tubers of large plantlets exhibited higher rates of dry-matter accumulation than did those of small plantlets. The diameter of tubers harvested from pots ranged from 0.67 to 4.1 cm with median values of 2.7, 2.1, and 1.9 cm for the plants derived from large, medium, and small plantlets, respectively. Plants grown in soil beds, regardless of size, produced larger tubers than did those grown in pots. Tubers >3 cm in diameter developed on 25% and 52% of plants grown in pots and soil beds, respectively. Our results suggest that improved calla lily production could be realized by using larger in vitro plantlets as the source material and growing them in soil beds in a protected house.


2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022124
Author(s):  
A Regidin ◽  
S Ignatiev

Abstract Sainfoin – fodder crop capable of growing in unfavorable conditions and on soils with reduced fertility. But sainfoin is not widespread and does not occupy large cultivated areas. One of the reasons for this is the small number of sainfoin varieties adapted to various environmental conditions. The purpose of the research is to identify the sources of valuable economic and biological traits in the collection nursery of sainfoin for use as a source material. The sainfoin collection nursery was established in 2017 according to the methodology of N.I. Vavilov. The area of the plots is 1 m2, the replication is two times. Standard – sainfoin variety Zernogradskiy 2. According to the results, samples with useful traits were identified: samples Sin 149, Sin 151 and Sin 8.15 with early growth (28.03) had the shortest growing season (52 days); by plant height, specimens Sin 38 (122 cm) and Sin 208.15 (122 cm) were distinguished; the highest yield of green mass was noted for samples Sin 26, Sin 126, Sin 141, Sin 102.15, Sin 103.15, Sin 1.15, Sin 2.15 with indicators of 7.67-9.72 kg/m2; a dry matter content of over 28% was noted in samples Sin 37, Sin 46, Sin 42, Sin 105.15, Sin 205.15; samples Sin 31, Sin 42, Sin 54, Sin 122, Sin 135, Sin 144, Sin 145, Sin 160, Sin 100.15, Sin 1.15, Sin 3.15, Sin 4.15, Sin 6.15, Sin 8.15, Sin 100/1142 were distinguished by a high content crude protein (20.00-21.44%).


Author(s):  
L.M. SOKOLOVA ◽  
◽  
O.O. BELOSHAPKINA ◽  
V.I. LEUNOV ◽  
A.N. KHOVRIN ◽  
...  

The paper presents the results of an immunological assessment of the lesion of table carrot varieties by Alternaria on an artificial infectious background in the conditions of the Moscow region in 2011–2019. To carry out visual assessments of the resistance of varieties, seeds were sown on an artificial infectious soil background of A. radicina (root confinement), additionally with subsequent spraying of plants with a spore suspension of A. dauci (leaf confinement). The studied varietal material of table carrots was divided into groups depending on the resistance – susceptibility range. The studies were based on successive selections of resistant plants (genotypes) over 6–8 years, even with a minimal number of them. As a result of four cycles of selection against an artificial infectious background of genotypes (plants) at different stages of ontogenesis, an increase in resistance was noticed. Each subsequent selection was characterized not only by the number of relatively resistant plants in the studied variety populations increased, but also the decreased average score of their lesion. Based on this, the authors have identified the breeding material of table carrots with high resistance to alternariosis.


1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Turkington ◽  
P. B. Cavers

The partitioning of dry matter into component plant parts has been traced for four legumes. The four species were chosen to represent different positions along the r-K continuum. Three of the species, Medicago lupulina, M. sativa, and Trifolium pratense, behaved essentially as predicted by r- and K-selection theory. However, the stolons of T. repens are formed within 7 weeks of germination and thus permit this species to reproduce sooner than Medicago lupulina can reproduce by seed. In this way, T. repens can behave as an r strategist in an environment imposing density-dependent regulation (a ‘K' type environment).


2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr M. Górski ◽  
Marian Jurzysta ◽  
Stanisław Burda ◽  
Wiesław A. Oleszek ◽  
Michał Płoszyński

The saponin content in the tops of black medic trefoil cv. Renata as well as in some botanical and breeding lines of <em>M. lupulina</em> was analysed. It was found that the concentration of biologically active (hemolytically active) saponins in the tops of <em>M. lupulina</em> cv. Renata was 2.5% of dry matter. Total saponin content was 3.5% of dry matter. Among 500 individually analysed plants of the Renata variety, the saponin contents ranged from 0.07 to 0.5% in the leaf sap. No saponin-free plant was found. The saponin content was additionally analysed in 300 breeding and 11 botanical lines of <em>M. lupulina</em>. Great differences in that material were found but no saponin-free line was present. The saponin content in the particular plant parts as well as in the whole tops of <em>M. lupulina</em> throughout the vegetation season was also measured. The possibility and necessity of the selection for a low saponin population of <em>M. lupulina</em> is discussed.


Author(s):  
O. A. Zinchenko ◽  
N. S. Zatserkovna ◽  
O. A. Ukrainets ◽  
A. V. Zabolotna

Purpose. To determine the influence of biotechnological parameters on the yield of macrostructures from unfertilized seed germs of diploid sugar beet. Methods. Biotechnological, laboratory, analytical, statistical. Results. It was found that the use of 35% sodium hypochlorite solution at an exposure of 40 min allows to obtain from 73.13 to 75.83% of sterile seed germs. Exposure of 50 min allows to obtain the sterility of the source material from 83.58 to 85.39%. Sterilization of explants for 60 min allows to obtain sterility of the source material from 86.88 to 92.80%. The share of infected seed germs with increasing exposure decreased from 20.09–22.14 to 6.52–12.61%. The yield of macrostructures has been experimentally confirmed to significantly depend on breeding genotype and type of medium. The largest number of calluses (10–80%) was formed with the use of the Hamburg and Eveleg’s medium. With the use of he Murasige and Skoog’s medium, their share was 10–35%. Noteworthy, in breeding genotypes 07–181, 80% of genotypes formed buds and 35% formed calluses in the Hamburg and Eveleg’s medium. Of breeding genotypes 07–178, 55% of genotypes formed a callus and 80% buds. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted researches the influence of biotechnological parameters (exposure to 35% solution of sodium hypochlorite, type of nutrient medium) on the yield of macrostructures from unfertilized seed germs of diploid sugar beet was determined. It is optimal to carry out treatment with 35% sodium hypochlorite solution for 50–60 minutes, regardless of the selection number of sugar beet. To obtain macrostructures from unfertilized seed germs of diploid sugar beet, it is necessary to use the Hamburg and Eveleg’s medium for breeding genotypes 07–188, 07–178 and 07–181.


2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
N. A. Zhilin ◽  
I. Yu. Zaytseva ◽  
I. N. Shchennikova ◽  
S. A. Emelev

Background. The efficiency of breeding depends largely on the breeding method and the choice of the source material. Hybridization and mutagenesis, combined with selection, are the basic techniques in the development of promising breeding materials and adaptable cultivars of spring barley.Object and methods. The research was implemented in 2002–2019. The material for the research were 948 breeding lines (Federal Agricultural Science Center of the North-East, Kirov) developed through hybridization with cv. ‘Bios 1’, and 190 mutant samples (Vyatka State Agricultural Academy, Kirov) obtained as a result of treating barley seeds with sodium carbonate and irradiation with laser and far-red light in various combinations. The study was conducted in accordance with approved standard techniques.Results and conclusions. Various collection accessions and breeding lines were involved in crosses with cv. ‘Bios 1’. The lines were studied according to the full-scale scheme of the breeding process. As a result, only one breeding line, 52-15, having ‘Bios 1’ in its pedigree, was approved for testing in the competitive variety trial in 2019. These results attested to a low combination capacity of cv. ‘Bios 1’ and to the inefficiency of its further use in hybridization as a parent form. In Vyatka State Agricultural Academy, 190 mutant forms of barley were produced using ‘Bios 1’ as the initial form. According to the results of laboratory experiments and competitive variety trials, 5 mutant forms of barley were identified as promising. Spring barley samples, combining high yield with a set of traits valuable for breeding, were selected for further breeding work: breeding line 52-15, and mutant forms M 4-16-3, M 9-5-3 and M 11- 13 Kha. The new barley accession M 8-3-013, maturing 8 days earlier than the original cultivar, having a long (8.9 cm), wellgrained (24.3 grains) and productive (1.31 g) ear, is submitted for the State Variety Trials.


Author(s):  
N. A. Popov ◽  
V. Yu. Sidorova

In the State Forest Fund and forests of rural territories of the Russian Federation the areas of hayfields and pastures are 4,3 and 2,3 million hectares. Annually, 22,5 million tons of herbage are harvested on forest lands, which is 4,5 million tons of hay. Forest soils of the Moscow region are characterized by high acidity, low content of nutrients, they need regular fertilization. In the Moscow region according to the type of soils they are divided into gray forest soils, which make up 6,1 % of all soils and sod-podzolic – 43,4 %. When livestock manure enters the soil during grazing, the pH of the soil becomes alkaline 8,0–9,0. Six-month compost of livestock manure with a moisture content of 80 %, left on forest pastures, exceeds the leaves’ litter in the amount of dry matter by 2,6 times, N (in % for absolutely dry matter) by 6,5 times, the amount of cement carbon (C) by 1,6 times, the amount of total nitrogen (N) by 16,8 times, but is inferior in the content of C (in % for absolutely dry matter) by 1,6 times. Deoxidation of soils promotes accelerated vegetation. The impact of livestock grazing on forest resources has both positive and negative effects on increasing the biodiversity of plant communities. Livestock grazing causes both harm and benefit to forest biological diversity. The harm is caused by unregulated use, the benefit of grazing brings as a source of organic fertilizers, restoring the cycle of C, P, N. Cattle also contributes to the loosening of the soil, the destruction of ticks, and it participates in the change of the plant composition of the forest to more valuable types of trees and shrubs.


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