WE DISCUSS THE ARTICLE «SOME FEATURES OF THE BREED-FORMING PROCESS IN MODERN DOMESTIC SHEEP BREEDING № [1]

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-71
Author(s):  
V.F. NEGOVORA ◽  
◽  
K.P. NAKAZNOY
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Positive Assessment

A positive assessment is given to the issues considered in the article by A.I. Erokhin [1] related to the selection process when creating new breeds in the domestic sheep breeding in recent years. It is noted that there are many questions on this topic, but there are no answers from the relevant organizations and individuals.

scholarly journals Review: Genetic diversity studies using microsatellite markers and their contribution in supporting sustainable sheep breeding programs

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
OUMER SHERIFF ◽  
KEFYALEW ALEMAYEHU
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tree Building ◽  
Diversity Studies

Sheriff O, Alemayehu K. 2017. Review: Genetic diversity studies using microsatellite markers and their contribution in supporting sustainable sheep breeding programs. Asian J Agric 1: 46-51. Microsatellites have been widely accepted and employed as useful molecular markers for measuring genetic diversity and divergence within and among populations. The various parameters developed so far to measure genetic diversity within and among populations are observed and expected heterozygosities (Ho and He), the mean number of alleles per locus (MNA),polymorphic information content (PIC), genetic distance and phylogenetic or tree building approach.The objective of thisreview was therefore to quantifythe genetic diversity studies of domestic sheep populations using microsatellite markersand their contribution in supporting sustainable sheep breeding programs. From the review, it is possible to see that there was high within population genetic variations in all the studied sheep populations, poor level of population differentiations and high levels of inbreeding. On the other hand, low estimates of hetrozygosities and mean number of alleles and employing only few and weak markers were observed in some of the studies. The gaps observed in the previous genetic diversity studies of the sheep populations may demand further works to reveal more information on the population structures andto start appropriate and sustainable breeding programs.

PAST AND PRESENT IN BREEDING AND TECHNOLOGY OF EVALUATING OF NEW BREEDING ACHIEVEMENTS (BREEDS) IN THE DOMESTIC SHEEP BREEDING

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
A.I. EROKHIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Domestic Breed

The article considers some issues of the methodology of the breeding process in the domestic breed formation and the features of the technology for evaluating new breeding achievements in the past and present.

Efficiency of breeding of multiparous sheep of the new genotype

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
N. I. Kravchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
New Genotype

The paper provides a comparative assessment of the productivity of multiparous sheep of a new genotype with animals of the original breeds in order to show the possibility of converting domestic sheep breeding from a loss-making industry to a profitable one. The superiority of the new genotype over peers of fine-wool breed is: for the production of lamb in live weight of 174–183% to (40–45 kg per initial sheep, 71–74,5 kg per ewe), slaughter weight 20% and profitability 104–117 absolute percentages (up to +165, +178%) due to an increase in multiple pregnancy by 158,1–162,4% (1,85–1,90 lambs from one ewe).

THE FUTURE OF SHEEP BREEDING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTENSIVE TECHNOLOGIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
G.T. BOBRYSHOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Maintenance System ◽  
Previous Level ◽  
Farm Mechanization ◽  
The Cost

The article analyzes and identifi es problematic points on the way of development of domestic sheep breeding. The cost-eff ective development of sheep breeding depends on many factors: correctly selected zoned sheep breeds, the maintenance system, the feed base, breeding work carried out on the farm, mechanization and automation of technological processes, etc. A step-by-step review of the formation and development of one of the most important branches of animal husbandry – sheep breeding, showed that even in the period 1960-1990 last century, it was industrial and profi table, but by 2000, due to the situation that arose, there was a reduction in the number of sheep and the liquidation of many farms. The number of sheep and goats by 2000, in comparison with 1990, amounted to 25.4% and in subsequent years did not recover to the previous level. Summarizing the achievements of the past years,their detailed analysis, illustrations of individual zootechnical and technological processes that clearly demonstrate the possibility of successful, effi cient and industrial sheep breeding, the use of this experience at this time will contribute to the stable and eff ective development of the industry and the elimination of the identifi ed problems.

Selection, Development, and Application of Forming and Densification Techniques for Silicon Nitride Heat Engine Components

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pollinger ◽  
B. Busovne ◽  
M. Meiser ◽  
J. Nick
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Slip Casting ◽  
Densification Process ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Material Forming ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Selection Of

A wide variety of silicon nitride structural ceramic components are currently being developed and evaluated for advanced heat engine applications. The size, geometry, and performance requirements of these components are the criteria driving the selection of the appropriate forming process and densification process. The different forming and densification processes have unique forming and resulting property advantages and limitations which must be considered during the selection process. Specific heat engine component applications, including gas turbine components such as hot section wheels and stators, and internal combustion engine cam rollers will be discussed and the rationale for selection of the material, forming process, and densification process will be presented. Performance of the components will be related to the material, forming, and densification techniques used. The forming techniques discussed are slip casting, injection molding, and compaction/ isostatic pressing. The densification techniques discussed are sintering, sinter-HIP, and glass-encapsulation-HIP.

Assessment of the sheep industry development

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 316 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Inna Bezhenar
Keyword(s):  
Visual Display ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Industry Development ◽  
Sheep Industry ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
Theoretical Generalization ◽  
Analytical Review

The purpose of the article is to carry out an analytical review of the current state of the sheep industry development, to investigate current trends and key features of the domestic sheep industry. Research methods. Methods used: monographic - when studying the features of the functioning and detailing the state of development of the industry; theoretical generalization - to characterize the Ukrainian lamb market; analysis and synthesis - to summarize the reasons hindering the stabilization and development of the industry in the context of diversification of production and export potential; graphical and tabular - for visual display and full visualization of the statistical analysis of the obtained results of the study. The argumentation of the theoretical provisions and the obtained conclusions regarding the prospects for the development of production of products of the sheep breeding industry in Ukraine and their generalization is based on a systematic approach and an abstract-logical method. Research results. The state of the sheep breeding industry in the world and in Ukraine is analyzed and characterized, the problems in the functioning of the domestic industry in Ukraine are systematized, and promising directions of development are highlighted. Scientific novelty. The directions of development of the sheep breeding industry in Ukraine are proposed in accordance with regional characteristics. Practical significance. The presented provisions are aimed at revealing the typical features and the most significant problematic issues of domestic sheep breeding. The implementation of the proposed measures will provide an increase in the economic potential of the production of sheep products and will significantly increase the efficiency of the producers of this industry. In general, solving the tasks set will contribute to the creation of jobs in new enterprises for the production and processing of industry products in all regions of Ukraine. These approaches can be used by government bodies when making decisions to regulate and stabilize the situation in the sheep breeding industry. Tabl.: 2. Figs.: 8. Refs.: 28.

scholarly journals ETTI MERINOS – KAZAKHSTANI EXPORT-ORIENTED MEAT BREAD

REPORTS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 335 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-151
Author(s):  
A.A. Torekhanov ◽  
N.K. Zhumadillayev
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
The South ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
National Selection ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Further Development

Sheep breeding in Kazakhstan is a traditional branch of animal husbandry. The development of the industry is facilitated by the presence of large areas of pasture lands, as well as the existing valuable gene pool of breed resources, created by national selection and long-term work of scientists-breeders. The republic has great potential for the further development of sheep breeding industry and is able not only to meet the population's need for mutton, but also to become a major exporter. The restoration and further development of domestic sheep breeding should be based on rational use of genetic potential of animals and natural pastures of the country for the cost-effective production of high quality sheep products that meet international standards. The article deals with the development of fine-wool sheep breeding in Almaty, Zhambyl and South Kazakhstan regions, improvement of meat characteristics of the South Kazakh merino. The experience of using "etti merino" rams-producers in farms of Turkestan region showed that meat merino rams have a positive effect on meat productivity of the South Kazakh merino, and at the same time do not worsen their wool characteristics. The information on the population number of sheep of "Etti Merino" breed for 2020, the class composition of the ewes on farms, productivity of rams-producers in a number of generations, assessment of the quality of the offspring of 6-7 month old rams, wool productivity of the breeding groups of female sheep are presented.

scholarly journals Opportunities and challenges for sustainable sheep production in Serbia

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Petrovic ◽  
M.M. Petrovic ◽  
D. Ruzic-Muslic ◽  
V. Caro-Petrovic ◽  
N. Maksimovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
The Village ◽  
Intense Process

This paper analyzes the present state of sheep farming in Serbia and provide guidance for sustainable development in the future. It also discusses the challenges of the modern age that may affect the viability of sheep production. Today in Serbia grows less than 1.5 million sheep. In terms of breed structures, most of the population makes indigenous Pramenka sheep (80%), while the remaining 20% are: Tsigai, Merinolandschaf, Ile de France, Pirot improved, Mis sheep, and other less important population, as well as the crossbreed with foreign and local domestic sheep. However, due to the intense process of industrialization, from the second half of the twentieth century until today there is a trend of depopulation, demographic discharge of the village, which has resulted in reducing the farms so that the number of sheep in the past two decades fell by about 30%. The greatest reduction in the number of sheep registered in the nineties. After stabilization, a large decrease in the number of sheep was followed by the 2010th year and by 6% compared to 2008 year. Genetical improvement is significantly increased level of production of all species of domestic animals. However, animals selected for high and efficient production are exposed to greater risk. This primarily refers to the physiological and immunological problems, but would generally be said that all this leads to distortion of harmony between the organism and the environment and the repercussions on the molecular level. Sustainable development of sheep breeding in Serbia must be kept in mind this reality. New challenges facing the sheep breeding of Serbia, stems from a political orientation toward membership in the European Union. Sheep Serbia must find its place in this new challenge.

The Potentials of Scanning Microscopy

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 352-353
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Salient Feature ◽  
Secondary Emission ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Present Information

If the resolving power of a scanning electron microscope can be improved until it is comparable to that of a conventional microscope, it would serve as a valuable additional tool in many investigations.The salient feature of scanning microscopes is that the image-forming process takes place before the electrons strike the specimen. This means that several different detection systems can be employed in order to present information about the specimen. In our own particular work we have concentrated on the use of energy loss information in the beam which is transmitted through the specimen, but there are also numerous other possibilities (such as secondary emission, generation of X-rays, and cathode luminescence).Another difference between the pictures one would obtain from the scanning microscope and those obtained from a conventional microscope is that the diffraction phenomena are totally different. The only diffraction phenomena which would be seen in the scanning microscope are those which exist in the beam itself, and not those produced by the specimen.

Microscopy of porous ceramics

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 438-439
Author(s):  
H. M. Kerch ◽  
R. A. Gerhardt
Keyword(s):  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Pore Texture ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
And Function ◽  
Function Information

Highly porous ceramics are employed in a variety of engineering applications due to their unique mechanical, optical, and electrical characteristics. In order to achieve proper design and function, information about the pore structure must be obtained. Parameters of importance include pore size, pore volume, and size distribution, as well as pore texture and geometry. A quantitative determination of these features for high porosity materials by a microscopic technique is usually not done because artifacts introduced by either the sample preparation method or the image forming process of the microscope make interpretation difficult.Scanning electron microscopy for both fractured and polished surfaces has been utilized extensively for examining pore structures. However, there is uncertainty in distinguishing between topography and pores for the fractured specimen and sample pullout obscures the true morphology for samples that are polished. In addition, very small pores (nm range) cannot be resolved in the S.E.M. On the other hand, T.E.M. has better resolution but the specimen preparation methods involved such as powder dispersion, ion milling, and chemical etching may incur problems ranging from preferential widening of pores to partial or complete destruction of the pore network.

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