The Latin American Integration Route and local development in light of the constitutions of Brazil, Paraguay, Argentine and Chile

Based on the social, legal and economic implications imposed by globalization, as well as the integration between nations, this paper proposes to discuss the concept of development by analyzing the constitutions of Brazil, Paraguay, Argentine, and Chile, considering that a debate between academia and other institutions emerges in the Latin America integration context. This is an urgent and necessary dialogue to guide possible courses for this region. Countries from the most diverse continents already indicate a break in customs tariffs and the rise of new economic agreements, bringing countries of the Latin-American Integration Route (RILA) closer to the countries of today's greatest and most solid economic bloc, the European Union. This sets a precedent for the idea that RILA is becoming a macro-territory of increasing economic, social and legal visibility, which is a reason why thinking about regional development is a priority task, as well as drawing up studies and reflections that lead to a possible harmonization and integration of legal norms. These are tasks of the governments, academia, companies, and civil society. Furthermore, the present work discusses the need for legal grounds involving countries that make up the RILA, in order to provide greater legal security and dignity for the subjects involved in this intense process.

Professional responsibility of coaches

This paper wants to make available to those interested, namely people working in the field of physical education and sport, not exclusively coaches, the knowledge necessary to acquire a specialised legal culture, which is indispensable for the responsible development of coaches’ duties at the workplace and outside. It is increasingly obvious that familiarisation with the set of rights and freedoms offered to sport professionals, already considered by the Romanian Civil Code, is a first step towards normality, which mainly consists, in our opinion, in initiating an approach to enact laws in the field. It will be taken into account that the topicality of this paper “depends” on the positive law in the matter, and we refer here to the regulations regarding the deontology of the coaching profession, whose non-violation can partially provide us with the basics of practising clean sports. The legal and legislative factors should consider the management of the institutions in charge of physical education and sport as very important. The training of “sports workers” as well as the management of specialised structures in a society undergoing an intense process of transformation, with a development perspective, requires a kind of training that includes modern general culture and specific knowledge but also legal training. It has to be able to bring about changes in the way of approaching physical education and sport. The considerations regarding the stated topic compel us to support the need to assimilate knowledge regarding the professional deontology, with special regard to the legal culture as an integral and mandatory part in the training of sports coaches.

Height and mowing of pasture at the end of winter modulate the tillering of Marandu palisadegrass in spring

In pastures subjected to stockpiling, the tiller population goes through an intense process of self-thinning, hindering the recruitment of new tillers in the subsequent season. We evaluated different pasture management strategies in late winter in an attempt to modify tiller recruitment during spring. Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu was maintained at 4 different levels (heights) of stockpiled pasture at the end of winter: short (15.1 cm), medium (23.2 cm), tall (31.4 cm) and tall/mown (31.3 cm, mown to 8 cm). In October (early spring), the short and tall/mown pastures had a tiller appearance rate (TAR) and a population stability index (PSI) superior (P<0.05) to that of the tall pasture. During the remainder of the growing season, these characteristics (TAR and PSI) were similar for all pastures. Tiller survival rate (TSR) was also highest (P<0.05) in short pasture in early spring. TAR values were highest in early spring and these tillers persisted throughout the growing season. When stockpiling Marandu palisadegrass pasture during spring it is important to have it short at the end of winter to ensure early and intense tillering in spring. If pasture is tall at the end of winter mowing at this time before spelling is advantageous.

Zero Waste Management through Mindful Consumption for Sustainable Waste Solution

Due to the population growth, economic expansion, and urbanization, waste becomes a critical problem of societies. Zero waste policies are a great and important way in which local businesses take an interest to preserve our environment. Going zero-waste, however, is a hard and intense process because there are many challenges and hindrances along the path. This article provides an overview of the guiding principles to solid waste management and to look at zero waste management in Japan, Singapore, and Thailand. It also suggests mindful consumption as tool for zero waste management towards sustainability. Documentary study and literature review were used for data collection. The result shows that zero waste management needs to be developed step-by-step and it needs involvement of all stakeholders. It can bring economic and environmental benefits to the countries, but it leads to more financial cost of implementation and operation. Mindful consumption, based on Buddhism principle of right mindfulness, is considered a helpful and practical way for everyone to help their communities reduce waste through moderate consumption. With mindfulness, individuals care not only for their own wellbeing, but for others, communities, and environment. They will participate in source separation, reuse, and recycling programs as they realize that conserving environment and reducing the use of natural resource over the life cycle of the service and products can lead their lives more sustainable. The right understanding in the cause and effect of waste can lead people to engage in waste reduction, reuse, and recycling and move towards sustainable waste solution.

Between Tradition and Evangelisation: Marriage Ritualisation on Colonial and Contemporary Bioko Island

The start of the 20th century on Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea) coincides with the expansion of Spanish colonisation. Around 1910, the intense process of “Hispanicisation” began, totally disrupting native Bubi society. The colonial government, together with the intense evangelisation carried out on the island by the Catholic Church, weakened and modified Bubi power structures. Colonialism also provoked important changes in Bubi family structure and the evangelising mission was, fundamentally, directed toward controlling and transforming marriage practices. This text analyses how the loss of the political function of the Bubi chieftainships affected marriage practices and examines the other variables that influenced these changes and their effects on the present-day situation of Bubi women. Finally, the text explains how the practices and values that the evangelisation managed to introduce influenced the construction of Bubi ethnic identity.

Theoretical contributions on the midiatization and regionalization of communication

Since the 1980s, an intense process of Midiatization and Regionalization of Communication has been observed in Brazil. Such sociocultural, economic and technological changes reflect on the evolution of media processes, being present in the modes of organization and functioning of the media with society. This article, produced through a case study (YIN, 2005), addresses the business and communication altogether of the Claudino Group, Coca-Cola and Fiat, which through the structuring and development of a regional media retain public and establish a positive image of its brand in the Brazilian media context. For theoretical construction purposes, the concepts of the following authors were considered: Fadul (2007), Neto (2008), Peruzzo (2009), Lima (2005), Melo (2006), Braga (2012) and Branco (2012). We note that the actions developed in the context of the communication of both organizations ended up building and implementing new interactional processes, also triggering the influence of the organization on the culture of a given locality. (Image by Sasin Tipchai from Pixabay)

The transition from rural to urban. The phenomenon of San Andrés Cholula, Puebla

This text describes the attempt to save a portion of agricultural land, through the agricultural park proposal, located in San Andrés, Cholula, Puebla (SACH). In the midst of an intense process of urban growth, in an unfavorable environment of dispute over the search for cheap land, although, due to speculation, here the cheap land was far above the cost of metropolitan urban land. The concept of the agricultural park, in principle, defends the value of the soil as a substrate and nutrient of the territories with the natural conditions of their environment, in addition to the valuable role in the primary sector of the national economy. The park will become a strategy of preservation, as long as its inclusion in the urban territory is achieved, with an agricultural connotation, taking advantage of the residual urban spaces, but, above all, the existing agricultural spaces. In addition, the park will fulfill the functions of an urban green area and recreation. At SACH there were three fortresses: there were farmers interested, in addition, the metropolitan planning and management instruments, updated; including the possibility of taking executive action on the project, through an undergraduate thesis topic. This exercise was partially worked with peasants who were threatened by urban growth, dazzled by the offer to buy their agricultural land. Also, they found attractive the idea that there was an alternative that would assure them the productive activity, being themselves participants of the project.

The Institutionalisation of Social Movements: Co-Optation and Democratic Policy-Making

Over the past 30 years, urban policy in Brazil has undergone a major transformation, both in terms of regulatory frameworks and the involvement of citizens in the process of policy-making. As an intense process of institutional innovation and mobilisation for decent public services took place, academics started to consider the impact of institutionalisation on the autonomy of social movements. Using empirical evidence from a city in the northeast of Brazil, this article addresses the wider literature on citizen participation and social movements to examine specifically the problem with co-optation. I examine the risks linked to co-optation, risks that can undermine the credibility of social movements as agents of change, and explore the tensions that go beyond the ‘co-optation versus autonomy’ divide, an issue frequently found in the practices of social movements, in their dealings with those in power. In particular, this article explores the learning processes and contentious relationships between mainly institutionally oriented urban movements and local government. This study found that the learning of deliberative skills not only led to changes in the objectives and repertoires of housing movements, but also to the inclusion of new components in their objectives that provide room for creative agency and which, in some cases, might allow them to maintain their autonomy from the state.

Bioaccessibility of Bioactive Compounds and Prebiotic Properties of Fruit and Vegetable By- products - Mini Review

: Large part of the world production of fruit and vegetables is destined for processing by the food industry. This intense process generates tons of by-products which may be sources of fiber and bioactive compounds, as polyphenol and carotenoids. Thus, there is a growing number of studies for the valorization of these by-products focusing on the extraction of bioactive compounds. However, the total amount ingested of bioactive compounds may not reflect the amount available for intestinal absorption, which refers the bioaccessibility of these compounds. In addition, the interaction between bioactive compounds with dietary fiber and other nutrients may influence on their bioaccesiibility and may impair the understanding of the physiological effects of this by-product’s, as prebiotic potential. In this sense, the purpose of this review was to summarize the main results obtained on the bioaccessibility of the two major bioactive compounds of fruit and vegetable by-products, polyphenols and carotenoids, in order to corroborate the biopotential of this food matrix. Additionally, attempt to elucidate the relationship between these by-products’ composition and the emerging prebiotic property reported. In general, the bioaccessibility of polyphenols and carotenoid compounds from fruit and vegetable by-products shows high variability and it is suggested that composition of food matrix is one of the mainly factors for their bioaccessibility. In addition, it is observed a promising prebiotic effect from these by-products and, with this whole matrix as substrate, the prebiotic effect may be a result of the shared action of mainly prebiotic oligo- and polysaccharides and available polyphenols and metabolites.

Investigation of zeranol in beef of Ukrainian production and its reduction with various technological processing

Synthetic growth stimulants are widely used to get high productivity of animals. These preparations can accumulate in the meat and their residual quantities will adversely affect the health of consumers. The purpose of the work was to monitor the content of zeranol, growth stimulant of ruminants in beef which goes to meat processing enterprises of the Western region of Ukraine and to determine the effect of heat treatment on its quantity. It was found out that 29.8% of beef samples taken at meat processing enterprises contained a stimulant for the growth of ruminant zeranol. It was found that during the storage of beef samples frozen at a temperature of -18 °C with different content of zeranol there is a decrease in its number. The most intense process of destruction of zeranol occurred during the first month of storage, during this period of time the amount of zeranol is reduced by an average of 20%, regardless of the initial content. Within two months of storage of frozen beef, the content of zeranol decreases by 28.2 ±0.17%, and at the end of the sixth month its quantity decreases to 33.2 ±0.58%. It was also found that the dynamics of zeranol reducing in beef samples with large quantities (22.5 μg.kg-1) and small (2.3 μg.kg-1) were the same. It was set up that during 30 min of meat cooking there was a decrease in the content of zeranol 24.7 ±0.23% and 32.0 ±0.35% for 60 min, compared to its content in fresh meat. At the same time, when stored in the frozen state and subsequent cooking, the reduction of zeranol content in meat was 39.3 ±0.3%. Therefore, it is proposed to revise and amendments into the regulatory documents of Ukraine regarding the control and supervision of the presence of hormone (zeranol) residues in meat and meat products in order to prevent their sale and consumption by humans.