scholarly journals Monitoring of the bovine digestive diseases on the Transbaikal territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
L. N. Savelyeva ◽  
M. L. Bondarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Cattle Diseases ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Group D

The dynamics of digestive diseases of bacterial etiology among cattle are presented. Statistical, laboratory and annual average data on registered animals with this pathology, mortality and forced slaughter of livestock were analysed for the period 2016-2020. It has been found that digestive diseases of bacterial etiology are prevalent both in young cattle (53.7% to 61.4%) and in adult cattle (43.1% of the total number of diseased animals). The following pathogens were identified on the basis of bacterial tests on biological material: enteropathogenic E. coli (37.8% of the total number of diseased animals) and group D streptococci, E. Faecalis (15.1%). The rest of the herd had associated infections (19.2%) and non-contagious digestive diseases (27.9%). As a result of this monitoring, a high incidence of digestive diseases among cattle in livestock farms in the following districts of the Trans-Baikal Territory was recorded: Akshinsky, Krasnochikoysky, Kyrinsky, Nerchinsky, Olovyaninsky, Priargunsky, Khiloksky, Shelopuginsky, Aginsky. The lowest prevalence of cattle diseases in organizations of various forms of ownership has been recorded in peasant farms in the region (6.8-10.9%). The average number of registered animals with this pathology is recorded in agricultural organizations (26.9-37.6%). A high percentage of these diseases were recorded in households (62.8%). When farms follow the organization of therapeutic and prophylactic measures, housing and feeding hygiene rules, it is possible to ensure the safety and productivity of livestock, high quality and safety of livestock products and to prevent bacterial diseases of the digestive organs.

scholarly journals Infectious Bovine Respiratory Diseases in Adult Cattle: An Extensive Necropsic and Etiological Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2280
Author(s):  
Laëtitia Dorso ◽  
Maud Rouault ◽  
Claire Barbotin ◽  
Christophe Chartier ◽  
Sébastien Assié
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Verminous Pneumonia ◽  
Etiological Study ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Large Animals

In young cattle, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major cause of death and Mannheimia haemolytica is a frequent pathogen. Knowledge of fatal BRD in adult cattle is more limited. We assessed the importance of infectious BRD as a cause of death in adult cattle and determined the associated pathogens. We analyzed data from 737 adult cattle necropsies at the Pathology Unit for Large Animals at Oniris, Nantes, France over a 6 year period (2013–2019). Each carcass was subjected to a complete necropsy. Lungs showing macroscopic lesions were classified into three categories: infectious primary pulmonary (IPP) lesions, thromboembolic pneumonia (TEP) and others (aspiration pneumonia, verminous pneumonia, and local extension of an extra-pulmonary inflammatory process). Half of the lungs with IPP macroscopic lesions were sampled for histology and submitted for polymerase chain reaction. BRD was the second leading cause of death (15.7%) after digestive diseases (32.2%). A strong predominance of IPP lesions (42.3%) and TEP lesions (39.6%) was also demonstrated. In IPP macroscopic lesions, fibrinous, hemorrhagic and/or hecrotic (FHN) bronchopneumonia accounted for 77.6% of macroscopic lesions. Mannheimia haemolytica was significantly associated with FHN bronchopneumonia macroscopic lesions. This study suggests that Mannheimia haemolytica should be included in the differential diagnosis of BRD in adult cattle.

Statistical analysis of distribution, dynamics and etiological structure of bovine diseases in Vologda region

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Oksana B. Badeeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Vologda Region ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
High Level

Statistical data of livestock for 30 years is reflected in the article. Author used the materials of the state veterinary reporting. A comparative analysis of the number, incidence and death rate of adult animals and young cattle for two five-year periods (2001-2005 and 2014-2018). the data of the analysis of veterinary statistical reports for 2018 on the specific weight of the large horned cattle and age dynamics of calves in farms of the Vologda region are shown. A significant decrease in livestock of the large horned cattle by 56.3% (from 1990 to 2018) is shown in the analysis of the data. Over the five years 2014-2018, there was a decrease in the number of the large horned cattle by 31.3%, the birth rate of calves - by 26.2%, and the incidence of calves - by 12.3% and the mortality rate decreased by 3.3%. Despite the decline in the number of livestock, in 2018 there is a high incidence of animal diseases (49.6%). The highest incidence rate was observed among calves under 10 days of age 43.3%, 31.7% - from 11 to 30 days, 15.8% - from one to three months, 6.5% - from three to six months and 2.7% - from 6 to 12 months. Of the total number of sick calves in 2018, 63.2% had gastrointestinal diseases, and death for this reason is 49.6% of the total number of victims. Respiratory diseases affect 21.8% of young animals, and death due to respiratory diseases is 18.2%. Analysis of statistical data showed that, despite the complex of veterinary and sanitary measures, the incidence and death of calves remain at a high level. This can be explained by delayed diagnosis and low therapeutic effectiveness in gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases of cattle.

scholarly journals Up-to-date thromboprophylaxis in elective spinal surgery. A systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Oliveira ◽  
Luis Marchi ◽  
Luiz Pimenta
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Thrombotic Complication ◽  
Surgical Practice ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Deep Vein

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) present a high incidence after surgery, posing a high risk in surgical practice. Although a consensus does exist on thromboprophylaxis in orthopedic surgery, this topic remains controversial in regard to spinal surgery. In this current paper, we review and discuss the different forms of prophyilaxis presented in literature, in order to develop guidelines on prophylactic measures in spinal surgery, improving patient´s outcomes and reducing any medical/legal problems that could arise from a thrombotic complication.

Allelic types of long polar fimbriae in bovine and human Escherichia coli O157 strains

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domonkos Sváb ◽  
István Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Typing Scheme ◽  
Healthy Cattle ◽  
Reference Collection ◽  
Group D ◽  
Atypical Strains

Long polar fimbriae (Lpf) are recently discovered adhesins and increasingly important genetic markers of pathogenicEscherichia colistrains. The presence and genotype diversity of Lpf operons was screened in a collection of 97Escherichia coliO157 strains representing different pathotypes, isolated from healthy cattle (n = 43) and human patients (n = 54) in several countries. Individual structural genes of Lpf were scanned by PCR, and allelic variants were detected with a recently developed typing scheme. Ninety-five strains carried at least one whole Lpf operon (geneslpfABCDand/orlpfABCDE). The 64 enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) and 24 enteropathogenic (EPEC) strains all carried two Lpf operons, allele 3 oflpfA1and allele 2 oflpfA2, a combination characteristic of the O157:H7/NM serotype. Out of the 9 bovine atypical (AT;stx-, eae-) strains, 7 carried one complete Lpf operon, allele 1 oflpfA2. The atypical strains belonged to main phylogenetic groups A and B1, while the EHEC and EPEC strains were from group D. Lpf variants carried by the 72 strains of theEscherichia coliReference Collection (ECOR) were determined with the same typing scheme. Alleles were detected in 25 strains, of which 6 were found negative for the respective Lpf operons in earlier studies. The marker value of the Lpf allelic combination for the O157:H7/NM serotype was confirmed, and further evidence was given for the presence of at least two different genetic lineages of atypical bovineE. coliO157 strains.

scholarly journals Preventive and Prophylactic Measures in Intensive Salmonid Fish Breeding – a Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1409-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava Palíková ◽  
Stanislav Navrátil ◽  
Lukáš Navrátil ◽  
Jan Mareš
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Salmonid Fish ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Prophylactic Measures

Aquaculture represents the fastest growing animal husbandry in many countries word-wide. Intensive fish production has increased the risk of infectious diseases all over the world. Bacterial pathogens probably cause most disease problems in aquaculture. Most infectious bacterial diseases in commercial fish species continue to be controlled by treatment with chemotherapeutic agents although they represent a potential environmental hazard and could also have negative effects on the quality of the final product. The most important problem of antibiotic treatment is the increase in resistant bacteria, the presence of their residues in aquaculture products and the resulting threat to human health. Therefore, it is most effective to prevent the introduction or onset of the disease. Beside preventing the introduction of pathogens, good water quality, reduction of environmental stressors, adequate nutrition and immunization, many substances improving the health status of fish, such as immunostimulants, probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics and so on, are used in fish breeding. The present review gives an overview of preventive and prophylactic substances which can be used in salmonid fish breeding to improve the health status of fish.

scholarly journals The monitoring outcomes of the meat productivity of cattle processed at “Uvinsky meat factory” OOO of the Uvinsky district in the Udmurt Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 08010
Author(s):  
E.V. Khardina ◽  
O.A. Krasnova ◽  
M.I. Vasilyeva ◽  
S.S. Vostrikova
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Primary Processing ◽  
First Category ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
High Level

We performed have performed a comprehensive analysis of the meat productivity of cattle received for slaughter and primary processing at “Uvinsky meat factory” OOO of the Uvinsky district in the Udmurt Republic. The studies were carried out based on data from plumb lines for 2020. During the research, it was revealed that only two districts (Uvinsky and Vavozhsky) had got cattle in 2020, from which they obtained carcasses of the “super” category (21 pieces). This is the highest grade in terms of categorization. Meanwhile, the main range of carcasses of young cattle was assessed in the categories “extra”, “excellent” and “good” (1311 carcasses). However, there were also farms from which carcasses of the “low” fatness category were obtained (Uvinsky, Seltinsky and Vavozhsky districts) (42 carcasses). Based on the results of the commodity evaluation of carcasses of adult cattle, it is worth noting that most of the carcasses were quite well-fed and were rated in the first category. By the end of 2020, the company has obtained meat in carcasses from young cattle in the amount of 608.8 tons. Meanwhile, 917.5 tons of meat were produced in live weight. The meat volume in the carcasses of adult cattle was 180, 1 ton. In live weight, 386, 5 tons were obtained. Given the percentage of beef sales per year and the maximum yield of boneless meat, the company is not capable of fully meeting the needs of all high-level processing shops.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of respiratory pathology of young cattle in the lower Volga region Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 2360-2364
Author(s):  
Ivan I. Kalyuzhny ◽  
Ivan A. Nikulin ◽  
Aleksandr M. Gertman ◽  
Andrey A. Elenshleger ◽  
Sergey Yu. Smolentsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Respiratory Pathology ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Livestock Products

An important element in solving problems relating to the preservation of young cattle livestock and production increase of livestock products is a timely diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases of non-communicable etiology, among which one of the most common is bronchopneumonia. Therefore, the development of effective methods of treatment and prevention of this pathology is an urgent problem of veterinary medicine. Despite a large number of scientific researches, many issues of etiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention of this disease remain insufficiently studied, especially the state of the natural resistance of calves suffering from catarrhal bronchopneumonia, which is the basis for choosing a method of treatment and prevention of this disease. The disease leads to calves deep, sometimes irreversible disturbances of bronchopulmonary system functions. Lung function is one of the first to be disrupted, playing an important role in the protective immunological reactions of the body, through which there is an increase in virulence of microorganisms, which leads to the general intoxication and severe bronchopneumonia. The situation on non-specific bronchopneumonia of calves in the Lower Volga region is tense, but it is to the same extent as in other regions having problems with this pathology. It is obvious that the susceptibility of calves to respiratory diseases is formed under the influence of antenatal influences and is manifested in the presence of adverse environmental factors leading to depletion of reserves adaptation in the first months of animal life.  The obtained set of regional characteristics of bronchopneumonia of non-infectious etiology allows to consider this pathology as an indicator of the ecological unwell-being of big cattle herds in the Lower Volga region.

scholarly journals Can We Do Away With PTBD?

HPB Surgery ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Bapat ◽  
N. N. Rege ◽  
R. S. Koti ◽  
N. K. Desai ◽  
S. A. Dahanukar
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage ◽  
Biliary Tree ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Sepsis Group ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Group A ◽  
Pmn Functions ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Transhepatic Biliary Drainage

Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage (PTBD) is performed in surgical jaundice to decompress the biliary tree and improve hepatic functions. However, the risk of sepsis is high in these patients due to immunosuppression and surgical outcome remains poor. This raises a question—can we do away with PTBD? To answer this query a study was carried out in 4 groups of patients bearing in mind the high incidence of sepsis and our earlier studies, which have demonstrated immunotherapeutic potential of Tinospora cordifolia (TC): (A) those undergoing surgery without PTBD (n = 14), (B) those undergoing surgery after PTBD (n = 13). The mortality was 57.14% in Group A as compared to 61.54% in Group B. Serial estimations of bilirubin levels carried out during the course of drainage (3 Wks) revealed a gradual and significant decrease from 12.52 ± 8.3 mg% to 5.85 ± 3.0 mg%. Antipyrine half-life did not change significantly (18.35 ± 4.2 hrs compared to basal values 21.96 ± 3.78 hrs). The phagocytic and intracellular killing (ICK) capacities of PMN remained suppressed (Basal: 22.13 ± 3.68% phago, and 19.1 ± 4.49% ICK; Post drainage: 20 ± 8.48% Phago and 11.15 ± 3.05% ICK). Thus PTBD did not improve the metabolic capacity ofthe liver and mortality was higher due to sepsis. Group (C) patientg received TC during PTBD (n = 16) and Group (D) patients received TC without PTBD (n = 14). A significant improvement in PMN functions occurred by 3 weeks in both groups (30.29 ± 4.68% phago, 30 ± 4.84% ICK in Group C and 30.4 ± 2.99% phago, 27.15 ± 6.19% ICK in Group D). The mortality in Groups C and D was 25% and 14.2% respectively during the preoperative period. There was no mortality after surgery. It appears from this study that host defenses as reflected by PMN functions play an important role in influencing prognosis. Further decompression of the biliary tree by PTBD seems unwarranted.

scholarly journals Study on prevalence of bovine diseases at sadar upazila in dinajpur district of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moktar Omar Mohammed ◽  
Md Shajedur Rahman ◽  
Md Fazlul Hoque ◽  
Nazmi Ara Rumi ◽  
Osman Hassan Afrah
Keyword(s):  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Cattle Diseases ◽  
The Status

The study was conducted to investigate the status of cattle diseases with relation to seasonal variation in Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. A total of 11402 clinical cases were registered for the clinical diagnosis and therapeutic purposes at sadar upazila veterinary hospital in Dinajpur district of Bangladesh during the period of March, 2016 to February, 2017. Disease diagnosis was made on the basis of owner’s statement, general examination and clinical signs. Diagnosed diseases were categorized as general clinical disorders, parasitic diseases, viral diseases, bacterial diseases, venereal disease, and metabolic disorders. According to study the highest (64.15%) prevalence was by parasitic disease followed by bacterial diseases (10.67%), viral diseases (8.97%), metabolic disease (7.61%), and venereal disease (6.60%). In respect of seasons, the prevalence of both bacterial diseases and viral diseases were significantly (p<0.01) higher (13.88%) and (12.10%) in summer season respectively. Whereas the parasitic diseases were significantly (p<0.01) higher (68.65%) in winter season. On the basis of season, it was found that the overall prevalence of diseases was highest in summer season (47.87%) followed by rainy season (30.10%) and comparatively lower in winter season (22.03%).Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2017, 3(4): 446-453

scholarly journals Prevalence of Cryptosporidium Infection in Cattle in Maiduguri, North Eastern Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
SG Adamu ◽  
NB Adamu ◽  
AU Aliyu ◽  
NN Atsanda ◽  
FB Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cryptosporidium Infection ◽  
Zoonotic Infection ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Young Cattle

A study was carried out to survey the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria. A total of four hundred (400) fecal samples from cattle were randomly collected and examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) staining method. The results showed that the overall prevalence of infection was 22.3%, with an infection rate of23.4% in adult cattle and 19.1% in young cattle, respectively. There was no statistical significant difference (P<0.05) between the age groups, with (OR: 1.298; 95%CI: 0.7507–2.245). Out of 89 positive samples, 21.2% were male and 25.0% were female, respectively. There was no statistical significant difference (P>0.05) between the sex, with (OR: 0.8062; 95% CI: 0.4828–0.346). It was concluded that Cryptosporidium sp. infection is prevalent in Nigeria; and cattle could serve as reservoirs for the zoonotic infection in humans.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23712Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 25-28

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