scholarly journals STALKER HARASSMENT; CASE REPORT

2021 ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Cüneyt Destan CENGER ◽  
Erenç Yasemin DOKUDAN ◽  
Şahika YÜKSEL ◽  
Nadir ARICAN
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Traumatic Effect

Stalking is defined as the act of determining the person as a target and following and communicating with the person repeatedly without his/her consent, creating concern for her safety. Compared to forensic medicine applications, it’s a group that is relatively common in the field of psychiatry, and reporting the results of forensic medical evaluation is rarely done in this respect. The case applied to the clinic with the allegation of mobbing, and besides it’s a rare case in forensic medicine practice due to the characteristics of the event she experienced, it was aimed to discuss the evaluation to be made in such cases in terms of stalking. The 33-year-old female case, working in a company as senior manager, stated that she didn’t accept the proposal of a male employee in another city and in the same position as her, to be her girlfriend and she was verbally threatened by this person afterwards, wandered around her workplace and home and followed her for a long time. In her mental evaluation; It was found that the person was subjected to psychological violence and stalking harassment; the verbal threats and behaviors of the aggressor had a traumatic effect on her mental health for a long time and the action she was exposed to permanently deteriorated the mental health of the person. Stalking is addressed in different areas within the framework of mobbing or violence against women. Considering that in cases of stalking harassment, which doesn’t have a specific legal provision, it may result in the most severe form of violence against women due to its consequences, besides studies on prevention and legal regulation, as highlighted in the case presented, the identification of trauma and forensic medical documentation and also the need for psychiatric follow-up and support in terms of treatment should be considered.

Euratom and Brexit: Could the United Kingdom Maintain One Foot in the European Union? Current Scenarios and Future Prospects of British withdrawal from the EAEC

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-151
Author(s):  
Andrea Circolo ◽  
Ondrej Hamuľák
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Independent Solution ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Energy Community ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper focuses on the very topical issue of conclusion of the membership of the State, namely the United Kingdom, in European integration structures. The ques­tion of termination of membership in European Communities and European Union has not been tackled for a long time in the sources of European law. With the adop­tion of the Treaty of Lisbon (2009), the institute of 'unilateral' withdrawal was intro­duced. It´s worth to say that exit clause was intended as symbolic in its nature, in fact underlining the status of Member States as sovereign entities. That is why this institute is very general and the legal regulation of the exercise of withdrawal contains many gaps. One of them is a question of absolute or relative nature of exiting from integration structures. Today’s “exit clause” (Art. 50 of Treaty on European Union) regulates only the termination of membership in the European Union and is silent on the impact of such a step on membership in the European Atomic Energy Community. The presented paper offers an analysis of different variations of the interpretation and solution of the problem. It´s based on the independent solution thesis and therefore rejects an automa­tism approach. The paper and topic is important and original especially because in the multitude of scholarly writings devoted to Brexit questions, vast majority of them deals with institutional questions, the interpretation of Art. 50 of Treaty on European Union; the constitutional matters at national UK level; future relation between EU and UK and political bargaining behind such as all that. The question of impact on withdrawal on Euratom membership is somehow underrepresented. Present paper attempts to fill this gap and accelerate the scholarly debate on this matter globally, because all consequences of Brexit already have and will definitely give rise to more world-wide effects.

scholarly journals Posttraumatic stress disorder among adolescents in Brazil: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joviana Quintes Avanci ◽  
Fernanda Serpeloni ◽  
Thiago Pires de Oliveira ◽  
Simone Gonçalves de Assis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Psychological Violence

Abstract Background The frequency of trauma and different types of violence exposure in urban areas and their effects on the mental health of adolescents in developing countries are poorly investigated. Most information about traumatized young people comes from war scenarios or disasters. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PTSD in trauma-exposed students in a low-resource city of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The effects of sociodemographic and individual and family factors in the development of PTSD were also investigated. Methods Through multi-stage cluster sampling, 862 adolescents (Mage = 15 years old, 65% female) from public and private schools in the city of São Gonçalo were selected for the study. Self-rating structured questionnaires were applied to assess sociodemographic profile, exposure to physical and psychological violence (family, school, community), sexual abuse, social support, social functional impairment, resilience, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The data were grouped in blocks regarding sociodemographic, individual, family, and community variables. For statistical analysis, chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and logistic regression were performed. Results The PTSD prevalence was 7.8% among adolescents. Boys were exposed to significantly higher number of events of community violence, while girls to family violence. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for PTSD were statistically significant for age (OR, 1.45, [95% CI, 1.043–2.007]), social functional impairment (OR, 4.82, [95% CI, 1.77–13.10]), severe maternal physical violence (OR, 2.79, [95% CI, 0.79–9.93]), psychological violence by significant people (OR, 3.96, [95% CI, 1.89–8.31]) and a high number of episodes of community violence (OR, 3.52, [95% CI, 1.47–8.40). Conclusions There was a high prevalence of PTSD within this population associated with exposure to violence. Not only physical, but also psychological violence contributed to PTSD. The results also raise awareness to the differences in life trajectories between boys and girls regarding violence. These differences need to be better understood in order to enable the development of effective preventative interventions. Treating and preventing mental health disorders presents a challenge for countries, especially those with a lower degree of social and economic development and high community violence.

Mental Health Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in El Salvador

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122097880
Author(s):  
Laura Navarro-Mantas ◽  
Soledad de Lemus ◽  
Jesús L. Megías
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Violence against women (VAW) is currently one of the main problems in El Salvador, which leads the ranking of femicides in the world. We conducted the first national survey on VAW in El Salvador following the World Health Organization (WHO) methodology, to determine the impact of violence on women’s mental health ( N = 1,274). Women who had experienced intimate partner violence showed significantly poorer mental health and more suicidal ideations. Common mental disorders were significantly associated with the experience of all forms of violence, after adjusting for sociodemographic variables and stressful life experiences. The results are discussed in connection with the primary care protocols and the design of public policies.

scholarly journals Association of source country gender inequality with experiencing assault and poor mental health among young female immigrants to Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lebenbaum ◽  
Therese A. Stukel ◽  
Natasha Ruth Saunders ◽  
Hong Lu ◽  
Marcelo Urquia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Source Country ◽  
Community Based Research ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Female Immigrants ◽  
Self Harm

Abstract Background Gender inequality varies across countries and is associated with poor outcomes including violence against women and depression. Little is known about the relationship of source county gender inequality and poor health outcomes in female immigrants. Methods We used administrative databases to conduct a cohort study of 299,228 female immigrants ages 6–29 years becoming permanent residence in Ontario, Canada between 2003 and 2017 and followed up to March 31, 2020 for severe presentations of suffering assault, and selected mental health disorders (mood or anxiety, self-harm) as measured by hospital visits or death. Poisson regression examined the influence of source-country Gender Inequality Index (GII) quartile (Q) accounting for individual and country level characteristics. Results Immigrants from countries with the highest gender inequality (GII Q4) accounted for 40% of the sample, of whom 83% were from South Asia (SA) or Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The overall rate of assault was 10.9/10,000 person years (PY) while the rate of the poor mental health outcome was 77.5/10,000 PY. Both GII Q2 (Incident Rate Ratio (IRR): 1.48, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.08, 2.01) and GII Q4 (IRR: 1.58, 95%CI: 1.08, 2.31) were significantly associated with experiencing assault but not with poor mental health. For females from countries with the highest gender inequality, there were significant regional differences in rates of assault, with SSA migrants experiencing high rates compared with those from SA. Relative to economic immigrants, refugees were at increased risk of sustaining assaults (IRR: 2.96, 95%CI: 2.32, 3.76) and poor mental health (IRR: 1.73, 95%CI: 1.50, 2.01). Higher educational attainment (bachelor’s degree or higher) at immigration was protective (assaults IRR: 0.64, 95%CI: 0.51, 0.80; poor mental health IRR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.80). Conclusion Source country gender inequality is not consistently associated with post-migration violence against women or severe depression, anxiety and self-harm in Ontario, Canada. Community-based research and intervention to address the documented socio-demographic disparities in outcomes of female immigrants is needed.

scholarly journals Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) Terhadap Perempuan: Perspektif Pekerjaan Sosial

KOMUNITAS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-57
Author(s):  
Agung Budi Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Family Counseling ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
The Impact

National Commission on violence against women (2015) noted that violence against women showed a widespread pattern. The 2016 annual press release (Catahu) released that there were 321,752 of violence cases. The largest type of violence against women was violence in the personal sector. Violence in the form of rape was 72% (2,399 of cases), violence in the form of obscenity was 18% (601 of cases), and sexual abuse was 5% (166 of cases). The majority of personal violence victims (domestic / household) were women. The forms of domestic violence included physical violence, psychological violence, sexual violence and neglect of the household; while the main factor was the lack of communication and disharmony among family members. The impact in the short term was usually like a physical injury, disability, pregnancy, loss of work, and so forth; while the long-term effects were psychological disorders (psychiatric), loss of confidence, fend for oneself, trauma and appearance of fear to depression. The handling of domestic violence is one of the focuses of social workers to play a role in helping / assisting the recovery of victims. The social worker should be able to convince the victims to dare to express their problems, to give a sense of security, and comfort. Social workers in helping victims of domestic violence should have knowledge and alignment to the victims that the slightest violence is a form of crime against humanity. Victims of domestic violence must immediately obtain the protection, security assurance and social assistance. The efforts which can be done by social workers are counseling and family counseling. Those are done as a form of therapy so that victims do not feel the prolonged trauma and they can think calmly.

scholarly journals Mental Health and Social Function Among Women Subjected to Intimate Partner Violence: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Amini ◽  
Maryam Heidary ◽  
Hamidreza Daneshparvar ◽  
Homa Sadeghi Avval Shahr ◽  
Abbas Mehran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Verbal Violence

Intimate partner violence is a serious public health problem in all societies that affects all aspects of the victim’s health, especially mental health. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between intimate partner violence and mental health among Iranian women who referred to the Forensic Medicine Center in Tehran. This cross-sectional study was done on 196 married women who referred to the south center of Forensic Medicine in Tehran. Data were collected in 2013 by using three questionnaires: a demographic questionnaire, CTS-2, and GHQ-28. Data analyzed by using SPSS-14 software. The age of participants was 29.9±6.3 years (range 18-57 years). Most women were housekeepers (73%) with moderate economic status (48.5%). Physical violence had the highest mean score (37.29±16.80); and after that, highest mean scores are related to Psychological violence 29.37±7.01, verbal violence 14.83±8.15, Physical violence leading to injury 14.47±6.85, and sexual violence 8.38±7.36, respectively. Verbal violence didn’t show any relation with all subscales of mental health. The somatic and anxiety symptoms were significantly correlated to total, and all violence subscales score (P<0.001). Also, social function was correlated to total violence score (P=0.032), Sexual (P=0.002), and psychological violence (P=0.025). Depression symptoms were correlated to total violence score (P<0.001), physical leading to damage violence (P<0.001), Sexual violence (P<0.001), Psychological violence (P=0.002), and physical violence (P<0.001). Our results showed IPV is related to the mental health of battered women, but verbal violence didn’t show any statistical relationship with somatic, anxiety, and depression symptoms and social function.

scholarly journals Domestic violence against women according to the viewpoint of family health strategy teams

2020 ◽  
pp. 850-855
Author(s):  
Giane Lopes Oliveira ◽  
Ninalva de Andrade Santos ◽  
Juliana Costa Machado ◽  
Vilara Maria Mesquita Mendes ◽  
Roberta Laíse Gomes Leite Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Domestic Violence Against Women ◽  
Family Health Strategy ◽  
Physical And Psychological Violence

Objective: The study’s purpose has been to understand domestic violence against women under the perception of Family Health teams. Methods: It is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, which was performed with 24 professionals from Family Health Units located in a municipality from the Bahia State countryside, Brazil. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews designed according to the thematic content analysis. Results: Physical and psychological violence were the most common forms of domestic violence against women, with alcoholism, jealousy and macho culture as triggers for aggression. Gender and power relations were evidenced in the context of violence. Conclusion: Therefore, it is possible to underline the need for training of the Family Health teams in order to identify and adequately handle cases of domestic violence against women, aiming for comprehensive care.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL VIOLENCE CONSEQUENCES FOR DIFFERENT AGE CATEGORIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
L.R. Aptikieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
Heart Attacks ◽  
Loss Of Self ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Traumatic Effect

An increase in the number of victims of psycho-violence, which has a traumatic effect on the personality, causing emotional stress, stress, discomfort, and depression, necessitates studying the consequences of psycho-violence for different age categories. Three categories of manifestations of psycho-violence are distinguished: verbal aggression; dominant behavior; manifestations of jealousy that affect the victim of violence in different ways. Violations developing after the experienced psycho-violence affect all levels of an individual’s functioning and lead to sustainable personality changes. Objective: to identify the consequences of psycho-violence for different age categories. My theoretical study of the consequences of psycho-violence for different age categories made it possible to identify specific features of the consequences for different age categories. Consequences for children: sleep disturbances; hyperreactivity; impaired memory and concentration; irritability; a sharp decline in school performance; change of worldview; the emergence of many complexes; low self-esteem; maladaptation; health problems (various diseases occur); difficulty in building relationships; developmental delays (mental, emotional, speech); constant stress, fear, expectation of danger; suicidal tendency, asocial lifestyle. The consequences of psycho-violence in adults are disorders of a psychological and physical nature: sleep disturbances; nervous breakdowns; irritability; depression; anxiety; difficulty concentrating; panic conditions, heart attacks; loss of self-esteem; decreased self-esteem; violation of social relations; decrease in labor productivity. The consequences of psycho-violence for different age categories are different, the general thing is that violations affect all levels of a person’s functioning and lead to persistent personality changes.

scholarly journals PUSAT REHABILITASI KAUM MILENIAL DEPRESI DI JAGAKARSA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 941
Author(s):  
Aghnia Lovita ◽  
Andi Surya Kurnia
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Social Relation ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Healing Environment ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Environment Factor

Millenials are this generation’s young adults who are very vulnerable to an anxiety and depression, which if this disorder no immediately treated, it would impact to psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia and even suicide). However, many mild – depressed people doesn’t want to seek treatment immediately because lack of knowledge about depression so there’s negative stigma. There are many assumptions where depression is considered “crazy” so which then that patients don’t seek any help, close themselves, and deny. In fact, a few mental hospital in Indonesia doesn’t even meet the proper standards to be called a recovery center. But, seeing from the side of psychology, environment factor has a huge role in recovery process. Therefore, there is a need for a vessel of support for those people who need help on mental health and realizing a comfortable environment for those who are recovering. And improving the perspective of people on the negative stigma about mental disorder and supporting the realization of a strong, comfortable social relation between people and depression sufferers. By using healing environment method, Sanctuary for Depression aims to respond toward all problems which patients acquire a various of health facilities which are needed accordingly and a broader knowledge about  depression, so that the negative stigma which has been planted for a long time could be corrected. Abstrak Milenial merupakan generasi yang sangat rentan terkena gangguan kecemasan dan depresi dimana bila tidak segera ditangani akan berdampak serius (skizofrenia hingga bunuh diri). Tetapi, banyak penderita depresi ringan atau sedang yang tidak mau langsung berobat dikarenakan kurangnya pemahaman terhadap depresi sehingga munculnya stigma negatif. Banyaknya asumsi dimana depresi dianggap “gila” sehingga penderita tidak mencari pertolongan, menutup diri, dan menyangkal. Bersamaan dengan itu juga, kurangnya fasilitas dan perhatian serius terhadap masalah  kesehatan mental (depresi) yang ada di Indonesia. Beberapa rumah sakit jiwa di Indonesia bahkan tidak layak untuk digunakan sebagai tempat pemulihan. Sedangkan dilihat dari sisi psikologis, faktor lingkungan memiliki peran besar dalam proses penyembuhan. Maka dari itu, dibutuhkannya wadah yang memberikan support kepada masyarakat akan kesehatan mentalnya dan mewujudkan lingkungan yang nyaman untuk penderita gangguan mental dalam berobat. Serta meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat dan memperbaiki stigma terhadap gangguan mental sehingga mendukung terjadinya ikatan sosial yang kuat dan nyaman antara masyarakat dan penderita depresi. Dengan menggunakan metode healing environment, maka Pusat Rehabilitasi Kaum Depresi bertujuan untuk menyikapi semua masalah tersebut dimana pasien mendapatkan berbagai fasilitas kesehatan yang sesuai dibutuhkan dan pengenalan lebih luas mengenai depresi kepada masyarakat sehingga memperbaiki stigma yang sudah tertanam sejak lama.

scholarly journals On the Form of Organizing the Institution of Condominium Ownership in Russia

Legal Concept ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Maxim Permyakov
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Real Form ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Domestic Institution

Introduction: despite the fact that Russia is a country in which the majority of the population lives in apartment buildings, the institution of condominium ownership is one of the least developed, both in doctrinal and practical terms, in connection with which the theoretical and practical difficulties arise in the domestic legal order. The solution of such problems is impossible without the search for the root cause, which is the lack of choice of the form of organization of the legal institution, so that the legal regulation cannot be harmonious. Purpose: based on the study of the formation, evolution and unification of the institution of law in foreign countries, to address the problems of the domestic institution of condominium ownership. Methods: the methodological framework for this study is a set of methods of scientific knowledge, among which the main ones are the methods of specific historical, historical and comparative, social and legal, as well as the methods of analysis and synthesis. Results: the prerequisites for the emergence of condominium ownership in classical civil law were: the limitation of land as a natural resource, as well as capital for individual construction. The institution of condominium ownership is approved in the countries of continental law in two forms: “real” and “unreal”. In Russia, due to the lack of a long time of progressive development of property law, this institution was formed without taking into account its classical prerequisites, within the framework of privatization processes, which led to the emergence of the problems which are atypical for the European law and order. Conclusions: the domestic legislation tends to the organization of the institution of condominium ownership in the “real” form; however, the modern interpretation of this form entails many legal problems, which clearly indicates the need for its reform.

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