Word-building concept of German suffixal nouns with metonymical component

2018 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
О. А. Ільчук ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Structure ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Information Structures ◽  
Conceptual Information ◽  
Conceptual Structures ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Building Level ◽  
Lexical Concept

If many scientific researches are devoted to the study of lexical and grammatical concepts, then the question of the word-building concept has not been adequately researched in linguistic studies. The purpose of the article is to provide a definition and outline the specifics of the word-building concept, to present the possible typology of word-building concepts on the example of a group of suffixal nouns of modern German with metonymic component. The material of the study is about 3.600 lexical-semantic variants of suffixal nouns of modern German, with the aim of studying word-building concepts, the method of conceptual analysis is used. Under the word-building concept we understand the information structure that contains the conceptual information of the word-building level about the sets of conceptual elements, conceptual structures and schemes used by the subject when creating or using derivative words. The subject has conceptual information of the word-building level about word-building suffixes with a certain meaning, possible derivative units, models of their combination (word-building and cognitive models) and can use during the conceptualization information structures of different types. The bearers of wordbuilding concepts are derived units, and the word-building concept is a morphological concept that consists of concepts of derivative morpheme and of suffix and is subjected to a lexical concept. Word-building concepts of derived nouns are, for example, OBJECT OR OBJECT AS RESULT OF ACTION, PERSON FOR RESIDENCE OR STAY, RESULT OF ACTION, PLACE FOR EXECUTABLE ACTION, where the first part of the name of the word-building concept corresponds to morphological concept of suffixal morpheme (SUBJECT, PERSON, RESULT, PLACE), and the second part is the morphological concept of a derivative morpheme (AS THE RESULT OF ACTION, FOR RESIDENCE OR STAY, OF ACTION, FOR EXECUTABLE ACTION). In general, derived nouns with suffixal formant represent word-building concepts that belong to the group of concepts BEING AND HUMAN ACTIVITY (46 % ), OBJECT (27 % ), PERSON (22 % ), PLACE (4 % ), PLANTS AND ANIMALS (1 % ). Further study of the word-building concept should be continued, in our opinion, by involving other groups of word-building units, including complex ones, which will clarify the proposed definition of word-building concept and establish clear criteria for the separation of word-building concepts.

scholarly journals On Understanding the Administrative Law Subject

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Olga N. Ordina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Common Concept ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of

In the administrative and legal science there is a refinement, change and expansion of the subject of the dynamic branch of administrative law, aimed at eliminating the resulting lag of legal theory from the legal reality. In our view, of the three basic categories that characterize the subject of administrative law, “public administration”, “executive power” and “administrativepublic activity”, the main generalization category is the category “administrative and public activities”. The phenomenon of the subject of administrative law refracts the problems and discussions inherent in the industry as a whole. In view of the existence of different points of view on the subject of administrative law, the legal science has not yet formulated a single definition of it. There is a tendency to overcome the conflict between different types of understanding, to bring together the positions of different concepts of understanding of administrative law in order to form a “universal” concept of it, to develop its common concept.

scholarly journals Theoretical Review of Entrepreneur and Social Entrepreneurship Concepts.

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
María Dolores Martínez García ◽  
José María Moreno Meneses ◽  
Karina Valencia Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

This article includes a theoretical review of Social Entrepreneurship (SE) due to the gradual increase in the need for new businesses, but also for solutions to social and environmental problems. First, a brief introduction is given explaining why it is important today to have a correct definition of ES. Additionally, the concept of entrepreneur and its different types are defined to create a context and thus be able to talk about the subject. Likewise, a literature review is carried out to achieve a better understanding of an avant-garde concept such as this type of entrepreneurship. Finally, the article concludes with the most important points covered throughout the writing, in addition to a definition of entrepreneur and social entrepreneurship made after analyzing the information found.

scholarly journals Energy cluster – an attempt in characterisation and definition

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 93-122
Author(s):  
Joanna Gronkowska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Energy Cluster

Clusters are an organisational and economic phenomenon. This paper attempts to answer what an energy cluster actually is and whether it meets the requirements of a cluster in the classical approach of economic sciences. The Act of 20 February 2015 on renewable energy sources (Ustawa OZE 2015) introduced the concept of an ‘energy cluster’. It was aimed at, among others, increasing energy security and environmental protection through an efficient use of renewable energy sources. In the literature on the subject, there is no single universally applicable definition of a cluster, it can only be considered in its various aspects. The concept of a cluster has so many applications, associations and meanings that in many respects it has become a ‘chaotic idea’ due to flattening and equalising different types, processes and spatial scales of economic location within one universal concept. However, the main doubt concerns the very definition of a cluster. The paper considers the organisational attributes of clusters, based on the analysis of the following aspects: a) Cluster in historical terms. Overview of cluster and network definitions: i. Overview of cluster definitions ii. Overview of network structure definitions b) Energy cluster. Forms of interorganisational relations and the typology of energy clusters i. Forms of interorganisational relations in an energy cluster ii. Energy cluster against in relation to organisational network typology iii. Energy cluster as a form of company network – common features and differences c) An attempt in characterisation and definition of an energy cluster.

scholarly journals Item in dependability: definition and content of the concept

Dependability ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Netes
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Federal Laws ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Correct Understanding ◽  
The Relationship

Aim. The paper continues the series of publications that investigate and discuss the essence and definitions of the basic concepts of the dependability theory. It analyzes the basic concept, which is the subject of consideration in dependability, for which the term “item” is usually used. The concept of “dependability” is defined for it, and in general all the terminology of dependability applies to it. The following issues are considered: how to name and define this subject of consideration, what it can be, what can be its constituents. In particular, the relationship between the concepts of “item” and “product” is discussed.Methods. The evolution of definitions of this concept in the Russian and international terminological standards in dependability over the past 30 years is traced. A comparative analysis of other standards and federal laws relating to items of different types is carried out. The viability of two main ways of getting an idea of a concept is considered: illustrative (based on examples) and definitional (by means of sequential definition of some concepts through others).Findings and conclusions. The definition and correct understanding of the concept of “item” is of great importance, as it affects the scope of dependability standards. It is explained why it is necessary to accept that the definitions of the basic concepts cannot be rigorously formalized and are in fact only explanations. It is shown that the definitions of the item in the existing Russian and international standards (GOST 27.002–2015 and IEC 60050-192:2015) have inaccuracies. To eliminate them, improved notes to the definition of an item are proposed. The first note lists the possible types of items: products (parts, assembly units, complexes) and their components; buildings and structures; systems consisting of jointly functioning products and structures and their subsystems. The second note indicates the relationship between the main constituents of the item: hardware, software and people (personnel), and their possible combinations. The paper provides reasons for considering virtual items that play an important role in today’s information and telecommunication technologies and are logically isolated subsystems within the systems that they are part of. Besides that, it points out the deficiencies in the definitions of various items in GOST 18322–2016.

The differentiation and nomenclature of Leishmania

Parasitology ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 39 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 263-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Human Leishmaniasis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Biological Characters ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Medical Writers ◽  
Biological Differences

1. The nomenclature and synonymy of the Leishmania of man and of the dog is reviewed.2. Many of the older names have been discarded and medical writers now recognize only two, or at the most three, species of Leishmania of man and dogs.3. These species are indistinguishable morphologically. Attempts to differentiate them by the techniques of bacteriology have given conflicting results and there is no general agreement that they can be so differentiated.4. It has been suggested that separation of species of Leishmania is not justified under the present rules of systematics and that all forms of human and canine leishmaniasis must be regarded as the result of infection by a single species of parasite.5. This suggestion is not entirely acceptable in view of contributions to the subject by medical workers who have studied the results of infection in the human subject intensively and continuously for half a century.6. Evidence is produced that the different types of human leishmaniasis recognized clinically can be correlated with biological differences in the causal parasites.7. In other organisms which have been intensively studied the existence of groups which differ from each other in biological characters only is widely recognized in modern systematics, but there is no general agreement about nomenclature for the definition of such groups.8. Reasons, not inconsistent with modern studies in systematics, are given for the recognition of at least three groups in the Leishmania of man, corresponding with the L. donovani, L. tropica and L. brasiliensis of medical text-books. Definition of the taxonomic status of such groups will depend on the further progress of systematics.

scholarly journals The idea and thematic exegetics of investigative texts via a prism of the concept of proximity

2019 ◽  
pp. 294-304
Author(s):  
Valentyna Stiekolshchikova
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Professional Skill ◽  
Investigative Journalism ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Southern Ukraine ◽  
Society Today

The genre of investigative journalism is a kind of indicator that measures the state of free speech in society. Today, investigative journalism is compared with the highest professional skill. Investigation offers an author’s version of events based on search results, questions, facts. The investigator looks for a theme, collects facts to accuse, but not so much as for the accusation of a particular person, as in the hope to solve a particular social problem. However, the problem of ideological-thematic exegetics of investigating activity in the context of proximity concept is yet little studied. The article aims to investigate the ideological-thematic basis of regional journalistic investigation via a prism of the proximity concept, outlining elements, structure, and factors of efficiency of investigative texts. Contextual analysis, elements of component analysis, methods of intertextual comparison, and conceptual analysis, linguistic modeling contributed to distinguishing and systemic characterizing of the informational dossier tools. In the paper, the exegetics (hermeneutics) of investigation texts in the context of the proximity concept is presented, and the main algorithms for avoiding the inefficiency of this concept in the journalistic investigation are defined. Besides, the main thematic areas of the investigative activities of the Southern Ukraine regional media are analyzed. The findings of the research using our methods of the experimental and practical social triad by applying the themes and ideas of stirring up the journalistic investigations’ readers were used in the paper. The main principle in the activity of a journalist working on the definition of the thematic, problematic, ideological conceptualization of the region, state, and the abroad, is publicity, creating of the appropriate atmosphere, public opinion concerning certain social phenomena. The main thing to focus on is the competence in the subject matter or problem that has become the matter of interest in the investigation. The regional journalistic investigation, unlike other space-and-time research themes, is specific to increase the number of readers, build and effectively represent the modeled reality. Keywords: idea and theme exegetics, investigative text, proximity, experimental and practical social triad, readers’ stirring up.

scholarly journals Is Corrective Feedback in the ESL Classroom Really Effective? A Background Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Gaston Bacquet
Keyword(s):  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Esl Teachers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Esl Classroom

The use, range and efficacy of different types of corrective feedback in the ESL classroom have been widely researched, especially over the past 30 years. This paper attempts to dissect such research and to provide language teachers with an understanding of the background literature and theoretical views surrounding the subject. By summarizing different, often contrasting views on what corrective feedback is, how it works and how effective it is (or not), I strive to provide ESL teachers with a deeper understanding of the available literature and different perspectives that can hopefully better inform and shape our practice. The paper first provides definition of key terms related to corrective feedback, it proceeds to explore a range of theories and views and to look into the core studies regarding both written and spoken feedback and it ends with a short discussion on how these finding are relevant for ESL teachers.

Point and planar defects in the iron sulfide compounds Fe1-xS

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
Thao A. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Planar Defects ◽  
Selective Area ◽  
Vacancy Ordering ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Lattice Images ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Beam Lattice

It is well known that the large deviations from stoichiometry in iron sulfide compounds, Fe1-xS (0≤x≤0.125), are accommodated by iron vacancies which order and form superstructures at low temperatures. Although the ordering of the iron vacancies has been well established, the modes of vacancy ordering, hence superstructures, as a function of composition and temperature are still the subject of much controversy. This investigation gives direct evidence from many-beam lattice images of Fe1-xS that the 4C superstructure transforms into the 3C superstructure (Fig. 1) rather than the MC phase as previously suggested. Also observed are an intrinsic stacking fault in the sulfur sublattice and two different types of vacancy-ordering antiphase boundaries. Evidence from selective area optical diffractograms suggests that these planar defects complicate the diffraction pattern greatly.

Typologization of security regulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Denis Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Procedural Understanding ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Understanding

The purpose of the article is to typologize terminological definitions of security, to find out the general, to identify the originality of their interpretations depending on the subject of legal regulation. The methodological basis of the study is the methods that made it possible to obtain valid conclusions, in particular, the method of comparison, through which it became possible to correlate different interpretations of the term "security"; method of hermeneutics, which allowed to elaborate texts of normative legal acts of Ukraine, method of typologization, which made it possible to create typologization groups of variants of understanding of the term "security". Scientific novelty. The article analyzes the understanding of the term "security" in various regulatory acts in force in Ukraine. Typological groups were understood to understand the term "security". Conclusions. The analysis of the legal material makes it possible to confirm that the issues of security are within the scope of both legislative regulation and various specialized by-laws. However, today there is no single conception on how to interpret security terminology. This is due both to the wide range of social relations that are the subject of legal regulation and to the relativity of the notion of security itself and the lack of coherence of views on its definition in legal acts and in the scientific literature. The multiplicity of definitions is explained by combinations of material and procedural understanding, static - dynamic, and conditioned by the peculiarities of a particular branch of legal regulation, limited ability to use methods of one or another branch, the inter-branch nature of some variations of security, etc. Separation, common and different in the definition of "security" can be used to further standardize, in fact, the regulatory legal understanding of security to more effectively implement the legal regulation of the security direction.

Antonio Negri

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Diran
Keyword(s):  
Critical Distance ◽  
Middle Voice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Antonio Negri

Agamben describes his posture as a reader as one of seeking a text’s Entwicklungsfähigkeit, or capacity for elaboration.1 In examining Agamben’s practices of reading, we can attend to the opposite phenomenon: the counter-elaboration that a text, in having being read by the philosopher, performs upon Agamben’s own thought. This reciprocal elaboration might constitute a paradigm for Agamben’s use of reading, according to his own idiosyncratic definition of use as an event in the middle voice, in which (according to a definition of Benveniste) the subject ‘effects an action only in affecting itself (il effectue en s’affectant)’ (UB 28). With this definition in mind, we could say that Agamben effects a text (he writes) only to the extent that he is also affected by another text (he reads). This is why Agamben’s position as a reader proves particularly important to any assessment of his work, quite aside from the problem of influence or intellectual genealogy. For this same reason, however, assessing Agamben’s relation to Antonio Negri – a figure with whom, by most measures, he is at odds – poses an unexpected challenge: how can Agamben’s thought be a use of Negri? Answering this question means not only assessing the critical distance between the two thinkers, but also taking this distance as a measure, in the Spinozan sense, of mutual affection.

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