scholarly journals Addressing the Challenge of Guiding Our Students on how to Deal with Fake News

10.28945/4341 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Theory ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Methodology Development ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Gender Culture ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

Aim/Purpose: In the face of the onslaught of fake news, we aim to address the challenge of how we, as academics, can guide our students to be able to critically assess and evaluate information. Background Fake news has assumed alarming proportions and is a challenge to academia, organizations, causes and governments. How can our students be prepared to deal with this challenge? Methodology: Development of guidelines based on a literature review of multiple literatures. Contribution A set of guidelines is presented, which can be used by academics and students in their determination of which is valid and truthful information and which is fake. Findings: A set of guidelines in which the core aspects of information and fake news communication as discussed. They are: fake news; social media; and the receiver’s motivation; expectations; attitudes, biases, predispositions and brand loyalty; media engagement; and reference groups. Recommendations for Practitioners: The guidelines will help students deal with the phenomenon of fake news. Recommendations for Researchers: This research shows how communication theory can be used to address fake news. It also demonstrates a multi-disciplinary approach. Impact on Society: Greater caution and discernment regarding information will be instilled into the minds of our students as future leaders of our economies and society. Future Research: Qualitative and quantitative expansion and testing of the validity of the find-ings; further testing of the impact of age, gender, culture and discipline studied on the influential factors proposed.

scholarly journals Examining Consumers’ Adoption of Wearable Healthcare Technology: The Role of Health Attributes

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Lai Cheung ◽  
Ka Yin Chau ◽  
Michael Huen Sum Lam ◽  
Gary Tse ◽  
Ka Yan Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthcare Technology ◽  
Consumer Innovativeness ◽  
Technology Products ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adoption Intention

With the advancement of information technology, wearable healthcare technology has emerged as one of the promising technologies to improve the wellbeing of individuals. However, the adoption of wearable healthcare technology has lagged when compared to other well-established durable technology products, such as smartphones and tablets, because of the inadequate knowledge of the antecedents of adoption intention. The aim of this paper is to address an identified gap in the literature by empirically testing a theoretical model for examining the impact of consumers’ health beliefs, health information accuracy, and the privacy protection of wearable healthcare technology on perceived usefulness. Importantly, this study also examines the influences of perceived usefulness, consumer innovativeness, and reference group influence on the adoption intention of wearable healthcare technology. The model seeks to enhance understanding of the influential factors in adopting wearable healthcare technology. Finally, suggestions for future research for the empirical investigation of the model are provided.

scholarly journals Ethos, Pathos and Logos: Rhetorical Fixes for an Old Problem: Fake News

10.28945/4154 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Epideictic Rhetoric ◽  
Fox News ◽  
Main Components ◽  
News Recommendation ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact

Aim/Purpose: The proliferation of fake news through social media threatens to undercut the possibility of ascertaining facts and truth. This paper explores the use of ancient rhetorical tools to identify fake news generally and to see through the misinformation juggernaut of President Donald Trump. Background: The ancient rhetorical appeals described in Aristotle’s Rhetoric—ethos (character of the speaker), pathos (nature of the audience) and logos (message itself)—might be a simple, yet profound fix for the era of fake news. Also known as the rhetorical triangle and used as an aid for effective public speaking by the ancient Greeks, the three appeals can also be utilized for analyzing the main components of discourse. Methodology: Discourse analysis utilizes insights from rhetoric, linguistics, philosophy and anthropology in in order to interpret written and spoken texts. Contribution This paper analyzes Donald Trump’s effective use of Twitter and campaign rallies to create and sustain fake news. Findings: At the point of the writing of this paper, the Washington Post Trump Fact Checker has identified over 10,000 untruths uttered by the president in his first two years of office, for an average of eight untruths per day. In addition, analysis demonstrates that Trump leans heavily on ethos and pathos, almost to the exclusion of logos in his tweets and campaign rallies, making spectacular claims, which seem calculated to arouse emotions and move his base to action. Further, Trump relies heavily on epideictic rhetoric (praising and blaming), excluding forensic (legal) and deliberative rhetoric, which the ancients used for sustained arguments about the past or deliberations about the future of the state. In short, the analysis uncovers how and ostensibly why Trump creates and sustains fake news while claiming that other traditional news outlets, except for FOX news, are the actual purveyors of fake news. Recommendations for Practitioners: Information systems and communication practitioners need to be aware of the ways in which the systems they create and monitor are vulnerable to targeted attacks of the purveyors of fake news. Recommendation for Researchers: Further research on the identification and proliferation of fake news from a variety of disciplines is needed, in order to stem the flow of misinformation and untruths through social media. Impact on Society: The impact of fake news is largely unknown and needs to be better understood, especially during election cycles. Some researchers believe that social media constitute a fifth estate in the United States, challenging the authority of the three branches of government and the traditional press. Future Research: As noted above, further research on the identification and proliferation of fake news from a variety of disciplines is needed, in order to stem the flow of misinformation and untruths through social media.

scholarly journals The Impact of Mindset on Self-Tracking Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elçin Hancı ◽  
Peter A. M. Ruijten ◽  
Joyca Lacroix ◽  
Wijnand A. IJsselsteijn
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Implicit Beliefs ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Core ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
The Impact

Self-tracking technologies aim to offer a better understanding of ourselves through data, create self-awareness, and facilitate healthy behavior change. Despite such promising objectives, very little is known about whether the implicit beliefs users may have about the changeability of their own behavior influence the way they experience self-tracking. These implicit beliefs about the permanence of the abilities are called mindsets; someone with a fixed mindset typically perceives human qualities (e.g., intelligence) as fixed, while someone with a growth mindset perceives them as amenable to change and improvement through learning. This paper investigates the concept of mindset in the context of self-tracking and uses online survey data from individuals wearing a self-tracking device (n = 290) to explore the ways in which users with different mindsets experience self-tracking. A combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches indicates that implicit beliefs about the changeability of behavior influence the extent to which users are self-determined toward self-tracking use. Moreover, differences were found in how users perceive and respond to failure, and how self-judgmental vs. self-compassionate they are toward their own mistakes. Overall, considering that how users respond to the self-tracking data is one of the core dimensions of self-tracking, our results suggest that mindset is one of the important determinants in shaping the self-tracking experience. This paper concludes by presenting design considerations and directions for future research.

scholarly journals Fake News as a Barrier in the Process of Communicating Information

2021 ◽  
Vol 3/2021 (93) ◽  
pp. 168-186
Author(s):  
Tomasz Parys ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Selection ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
The Body ◽  
Random Selection ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to present fake news as a barrier to communication, awareness of its existence and perception from the point of view of individual users. On the basis of a literature review concerning the phenomenon of fake news, the aspects connected with the functioning of this type of news in the information space were indicated. The results of the research on the influence of fake news on the process of information transfer and the opinions of users – information recipients – are presented. The results are discussed and summarized in the form of synthetic conclusions. The directions of future research related to this topic are also outlined. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the author’s previous experience related to surveying selected student groups, in order to achieve the adopted research goal, the survey questionnaires were distributed using the CAWI (Computer Associated Web Interview) method. The adopted approach consisted of the following stages: justification of the method of selecting the sample for pilot and main research and informing respondents about the possibility of completing the survey; constructing a prototype of a survey concerning the place and role of fake news in the communication process; substantive verification of survey questions on a randomly selected pilot sample of students; preparing the final form of a quantitative and qualitative survey, testing it and placing it on the servers of the Faculty of Management at the University of Warsaw; conducting surveys among randomly selected student groups as well as the analysis and discussion of the results; drawing conclusions from the obtained results. The method of selecting the test sample was random selection – the first 20 people were selected from those responding to the request for verification of the research survey. After revisions of the test sample, specific class groups were randomly selected from among all student groups to administer the survey in its targeted form. The sample selection itself was one of purposive sampling, determined in part by the random selection of pilot and lab groups. The survey was a pilot study and will be repeated to confirm the results obtained and to refine the conclusions. Findings: On the basis of the survey, the phenomenon of fake news is presented as assessed by the recipients of information in the context of the barrier it poses in the process of its transmission. The results are presented in the following scopes: fake news features; the impact of fake news; the perception of received messages as potentially fake news; recipients’ reaction to fake news; publishing or posting fake news. Each of the above areas is discussed in the body of the paper. The study is summed up by formulating conclusions and outlining directions for further research in this area. Research limitations/implications: A limitation of this study is the fact that the sample selection used a convenient variant; the students were randomly selected for the study from particular groups and belonged to a group of young people. This limitation, however, was intentional, because almost all participants of the study (98%) belonged to the age group of 18–30 years, which is an experienced and active group of internet users in Poland. Another limitation of the study resulting from the sample selected was that the respondents were not diversified socially, professionally or economically. The results of this study cannot be generalized to a larger population. Therefore, further research will be extended to other age, professional and social groups. An attempt will also be made to conduct a study in other geographical locations based on cooperation with friendly academic centers. Originality/value: The presented material is of high cognitive value. It contains the results of the author’s own research – it presents new content, not previously published in the literature on the subject in question. It enriches the literature in that it presents fake news as a barrier occurring in the process of communication and causing disturbances in the process of its transmission. The presented results may also constitute a basis for further research – also by other authors – as well as create a platform for a broader discussion on the phenomenon of fake news.

Desafíos de los jóvenes y las redes sociales en la pospandemia. Hacia un aprendizaje consciente, resiliente, ético y saludable en las Ciudades MIL

2021 ◽  
pp. 212-223
Author(s):  
E. Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
Internet Safety ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

The 2020 pandemic has created great global changes, both in the increased use of media and information, the creation of new digital applications, and new online jobs. At the same time, various types of violence have increased on the Internet, higher levels of discouragement, depression, and loneliness have been detected in both young people and adults. This article addresses six post­pandemic issues, realities, and challenges that must be addressed with youth alongside MIL competencies. Topics that have been developed in an educational project for leadership work in the face of changes in technological advances, Internet safety, fake news, hate speech, and the impact on emotions. In building MIL communities and cities, it is important to prepare new stakeholders to be more critical, aware, resilient, and healthy in the face of current digital challenges and difficulties.

Regional Influence or Institutional Constraints? Impact of Interstate Competition and Fiscal Rules on User Charge Reliance across U.S States

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52
Author(s):  
Koomin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Fiscal Rules ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Future Research ◽  
User Charge ◽  
State Tax ◽  
Regional Influence ◽  
Interstate Competition ◽  
The Impact

Few studies have been conducted to analyze influential factors of state user charge reliance. This study empirically examines the impact of interstate competition and fiscal rules on state user charge reliance between 1991 and 2014 by applying panel data analysis. Also, this study aims to investigate mechanisms of state user charge reliance and various variables related to user charge reliance, which enhances and broadens understanding of factors that affect state user charge reliance. According to this analysis, overall state user charge reliance is mainly explained by interstate competition, fiscal rules, state tax effort, ideological standpoint and income level. Practically, states need to attend to their taxable resources and consider the actual effect of TELs and balanced budget rules in limiting the growth of government. Future research is recommended to examine mechanisms of state specific user charge sources and expand the variables related to user charge reliance.

The Role of Gender and Gender Dynamics in Same-Sex Divorce and Dissolution

2018 ◽  
pp. 353-382
Author(s):  
Suzanne A. Kim ◽  
Edward Stein
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Relationship Dissolution ◽  
Legal Institution ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Gender Dynamics ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

This chapter identifies ways researchers, policymakers, therapists, lawyers, and couples should attend to the role of gender and gender dynamics facing same-sex couples upon divorce or relationship dissolution. When same-sex couples marry, gender roles associated with a particular vision of different-sex couples—in reference to which the legal institution of marriage developed historically—may be projected onto same-sex couples both socially and by judges adjudicating their relationship dissolutions, often in a manner conflicting with couples’ intentions and practices. Thus, couples consisting of two men and couples consisting of two women may be differentially affected. Gender and gender dynamics are likely to affect the bases for dissolution (e.g., whether one of the spouses committed adultery or whether there is a basis for annulment); the financial aspects of dissolution; and determination of child custody. The chapter suggests directions for future research regarding the impact of gender on the dissolution of same-sex relationships.

scholarly journals Do your employees think your slogan is “fake news?” A framework for understanding the impact of fake company slogans on employees

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda W. Lee ◽  
David Hannah ◽  
Ian P. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Value Proposition ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Internal Stakeholder ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This article explores how employees can perceive and be impacted by the fakeness of their company slogans. Design/methodology/approach This conceptual study draws on the established literature on company slogans, employee audiences, and fake news to create a framework through which to understand fake company slogans. Findings Employees attend to two important dimensions of slogans: whether they accurately reflect a company’s (1) values and (2) value proposition. These dimensions combine to form a typology of four ways in which employees can perceive their company’s slogans: namely, authentic, narcissistic, foreign, or corrupt. Research limitations/implications This paper outlines how the typology provides a theoretical basis for more refined empirical research on how company slogans influence a key stakeholder: their employees. Future research could test the arguments about how certain characteristics of slogans are more or less likely to cause employees to conclude that slogans are fake news. Those conclusions will, in turn, have implications for the morale and engagement of employees. The ideas herein can also enable a more comprehensive assessment of the impact of slogans. Practical implications Employees can view three types of slogans as fake news (narcissistic, foreign, and corrupt slogans). This paper identifies the implications of each type and explains how companies can go about developing authentic slogans. Originality/value This paper explores the impact of slogan fakeness on employees: an important audience that has been neglected by studies to date. Thus, the insights and implications specific to this internal stakeholder are novel.

scholarly journals The role of the 4PL Model in a contemporary supply chain

Pomorstvo ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Pavlić Skender ◽  
Petra Adelajda Mirković ◽  
Ivan Prudky
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Fourth Party Logistics ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to understand the concept of a fourth-party logistics provider and to identify his functions and importance for an organization. Although the concept of fourth-party logistics provider is present in academic researches for a relatively long time, it still remains underestimated. The paper presents a conceptual model that is based on the research of fourth-party logistics provider within the exsisting theorethical and empirical literature. The results have shown that fourth-party logistics provider is not incorporated enough into contemporary supply chain solutions, although a growing demand for it is evident. Future research may be broadened by implementing both qualitative and quantitative approach to evaluate the impact of fourth-party logistics provider on a business performance distinguishing among industries. This paper provides a knowledge-based conceptual framework to understand the value of fourth-party logistics provider inclusion in an organisation supply chain.

Impact of fake news on social image perceptions and consumers’ behavioral intentions

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-613
Author(s):  
Anubhav Mishra ◽  
Sridhar Samu
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Social Image ◽  
Brand Strength ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The People ◽  
Consumer Intentions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

Purpose This paper aims to examine how content relevancy influences consumers’ preference to receive and share fake news. Further, it investigates how these receivers perceive the social image of the people who share fake news. Finally, this study examines how brand strength and valence and credibility of fake content influence consumer’s word-of-mouth recommendations, purchase intentions and attitude toward the brand. Design/methodology/approach Three experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses. The data was analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance and PROCESS techniques. Findings Findings indicate that people prefer to receive and share relevant content, even if it is fake. Sharing fake news conveys the sender’s sociability but also creates a negative perception of narcissism. Individuals are more likely to recommend a brand if the fake news is perceived as credible and positive (vs negative). Finally, brand-strength can help brands to negate the harmful effects of fake news. Research limitations/implications Future research can explore the role of group dynamics, tie-strength and media richness (text, image and videos) in the dispersion of fake news and its impact on brands. Practical implications Marketers should communicate and educate consumers that sharing fake content can harm their social image, which can reduce information dispersion. Marketers should also improve brand-strength that can protect the brand against the adverse impact of fake news. Originality/value This study contributes to the emerging literature on fake news by studying the impact of fake news on consumer intentions and attitudes toward the brand, which are critical for the success of any brand.

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