scholarly journals Optimization of spring wheat seeding rates in the Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Oleg Ivanovich Goryanin ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Shcherbinina

The results of research on the study of four seeding rates (variants) and two precursors (pure steam and winter soft wheat) in the cultivation of spring durum wheat bezenchukskaya Niva are presented. Against the background of seed treatment with the preparation Baritone (1.4 l / t) on ordinary chernozem for 2016-2018, it was found that the cultivation of wheat by steam, compared with its non-steam predecessor, significantly increased the yield ratio between environmental factors (by 0.99-1.25 t/ha). The highest indicators were found at the rates of 2.0-5.0 million / ha – 3.29-3.33 t / ha, which is 0.99-1.06 t/ha higher than the values obtained for the predecessor of winter wheat. Additional production costs (27.7-29.9 %) for the cultivation of wheat by pure steam, compared with its non-steam predecessor, paid off with an increase in the yield and increased net income by 1.7 – 2.1 times, with the highest indicators for the variant with seeding rates of 1.0 and 2.0 million/ha-15475.0-15685.6 rubles/ha. The maximum level of profitability is set at the rate of 1.0 million / ha-178.7 %, which is 29.2-76.7% higher than other options for pure steam and 67.6-114.3 % of options with seeding rates for non-steam predecessor.

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Oleg Ivanovich Goryanin ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Shcherbinina

The results of the study of five seeding rates (variants) in the cultivation of spring durum wheat Bezenchukskaya Niva with seed treatment with Scenic Combi preparation (1.4 l/t) in order to identify the optimal rate are presented. On ordinary chernozem for 2017-2020 in the arid conditions of the Volga region, it was found out that when growing a crop for winter wheat, a decrease in seeding rates contributed to an increase in the coefficient of total and productive bushiness, the weight of grain from the ear and plant, the number of grains from the ear. On average, over the years of research, the yield of spring wheat grain at seeding rates of 2.0-5.0 million/ha was 2.00-2.22 t / ha. Under favorable weather conditions, the yield advantage was the norm of 4.0-5.0 million/ha by 6.2-37 %, in the acutely arid 2.0-3.0 million / ha by 3.4-16.4 % more, compared to other options. Wheat yield was most affected by the air temperature during the growing season (r=-0.97* to -0.99*). Of the elements of the structure, the maximum conjugacy with the yield at the norms of 1.0-4.0 is noted with the number and weight of grain from the ear and plant, the height of the plants (r=0,97*-1,0**). On average, over the years of research, the highest net income was established on the variants with the norm of 3.0-4.0 million / ha-17100.4-17442.8 rubles / ha, which is 761.9-1704.7 rubles/ha (4.7-10.8 %) more than the variants with the norm of 2.0 and 5.0 million/ha. The maximum level of profitability was revealed at the rate of 1.0 million / ha-194.6 %, which is 9.6-41.3% more than the options with the rate of 2.0-4.0 million / ha. Based on the conducted research, the seeding rate of 2.0-4.0 million/ha is recommended for the cultivation of spring durum wheat for commercial purposes. In the original seed production – 1.0 and 2.0 million/ha, providing a multiplication factor of up to 57.8 kg/kg of grain.


Author(s):  
V.S. Polous ◽  
◽  
S.N. Osaulenko ◽  

The development of resource-saving tillage and direct seeding technologies (no-till) of field crops end up making a profit when it is based on the results of research and practice but this is not the case in all regions. Taking this into account, in the central zone of the Krasnodar Region in the permanent crop rotation from 2013 through 2018, we studied the integrated effect of plowing (22-24 cm -the control), surface tillage (6-8 cm) and zero tillage (herbicide treatment) and the crop in the rotation on the economic efficiency of production and elements of soil fertility. The average annual air temperature in the area is +12.1°C; the precipitation amount is 614 mm. The soil is represented by ordinary chernozem; humus amount in the arable layer makes 3.8%; P2O5-22-28 mg kg of soil; K2O -350-380 mg kg of soil (according to B.P. Machigin). The accounting area of the plots amounted to 5000 m2; fourfold plot replica-tion; threefold temporal replication. The crops were sown with the Rapid600 seeder with fertilizer application. Pesti-cides and growth promoters were used. The crops were harvested with a Claas Tucano combine harvester. It was found that the tillage variants affected the yields of crown flax, winter wheat,foxtail millet in stubble field, and field pea; and also changed the production costs and the condi-tional net income for crops and the course of the crop rota-tion. Under direct seeding technology, the conditional net income for the course of the crop rotation made 58.6 thou-sand rubles per ha; fuel consumption -127 kg ha and labor costs -16.98 man-hours per ha which was by 5%, 43% and 11%, respectively, less than those in the control. Sur-face tillage also had an advantage in terms of these indica-tors. Moldboard plowing reduced the intensity of organic matter accumulation 1.5-1.2 times as compared to direct seeding (no-till) and surface tillage. The cultivation of 4 crops in a course of the crop rotation for 3 agricultural years stabilizes economic indicators and soil fertility. The developed technologies for crop optimization in a rotation (the crops in constant demand by the market); adaptive methods of basic tillage; preservation of soil fertility may be used by land users with similar soil and climatic conditions.


Author(s):  
М. М. Маренич ◽  
І. А. Маркіна ◽  
В. В. Гангур ◽  
О. І. Лень

Дослідження, проведені протягом 2005–2017 рр., свідчать про ефективність використання гуматів у технології вирощування пшениці озимої, зокрема препаратів «1R Seed Treatment» та стимулятора росту «4R Foliar Concentrate». Поєднання передпосівної обробки насіння та листової аплікації посівів дає змогу збільшити врожайність пшениці озимої на 11,8–27 %, а проведення лише позакореневого підживлення сприяє формуванню приросту врожаю в межах 7,4–13,8 %. Диференційоване застосування стимулятора росту «4R Foliar Concentrate» у різні фази розвитку рослин пшениці озимої має кращий господарський і економічний ефект, порівняно з одноразовим. У варіантах досліду, де разом із передпосівною обробкою насіння використовувалося і позакореневе внесення «4R Foliar Concentrate», прибавка врожайності становила 0,76 т/га, або 20,9 %. Застосування «4R Foliar Concentrate» 2 кг/га у фазу виходу в трубку сприяло подальшому підвищенню врожайності, розмір приросту якої становив 23,1 %. Найкращий ефект забезпечила передпосівна обробка насіння гуматом, яка поєднувалася з позакореневим підживленням посівів, а листова аплікація проводилася в два прийоми по 1 кг/га «4R Foliar Concentrate». Прибавка врожайності становила 0,98 т/га, або 27 %. In the presented studies, pre-planting seed treatment increased the yield of grain by 0.43 t/ha, which is almost 12 %. Taking into account the high grazing rate for seed of cereal crops with a continuous sowing method, the cost of using the full recommended standard for the seed treatment would be about 25 % of the total production costs of the cultivation technology. So it is a significant additional production costs, which, in the current financial situation, the vast majority of agribusinesses are not able to invest in crop growing technology. In this regard, we have chosen the minimum rate of application of the drug 1.0 l/ton of seeds. Although calculations show that even the maximum rate of use of «1R Seed Treatment» for reaching an increase in winter wheat yield of 0.5 t/ha will be economically feasible. In the variants of the experiment, in which the seeds of the pre-planting treatment were used for root crop fertilization with «4R Foliar Concentrate», the yield increase of winter wheat grain was 0.76 t/ha or almost 21 % compared with the control. Application of 2 kg/ha «4R Foliar Concentrate» to the phase of the tube led to a further increase in yield, which was 23.1 %. The most effective in the described experiment was the variant, where the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with humate was combined with fecal application, but the leaf application was carried out in two receptions of 1 kg/ha «4R Foliar Concentrate». The yield increase was 27 %, which confirms the recommendations of the manufacturer of these drugs and the leading European companies regarding the use of their own products for a multiple entry. In the experiment block, which used only leaf application, the effectiveness of the drug «4R Foliar Concentrate» was significant. Only one treatment of the crop with the drug in the phase of release into the tube contributed to an increase in yield of 0.27 t/ha or 7.4 %. An increase in the rate of use of the drug up to 2 kg/ha has a stronger effect and increased the yield of winter wheat grain, compared with the control, by 0.38 t/ha or 10.5 %. A fractional introduction of the same norm into different phases of the development of culture is accompanied by an increase in yields by 0.50 t/ha, compared with the option without fertilization and increases additional profits, compared with the single use of the entire drug norm. Thus, differentiated use of drugs was more effective than single use. Studies have shown the effectiveness of the use of humates in winter wheat cultivation technology, in particular, «1R Seed Treatment» and growth stimulator «4R Foliar Concentrate». The combination of pre-sowing seed treatment and leaf application of crops enables to increase the yield of winter wheat by 11.8–27 %, and the use of sheet-laying applications only provides grain growth within the range of 7.4–13.8 %. The differentiated application of growth promoter «4R Foliar Concentrate» has a better economic and economic effect than a one-time use.


2019 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Aleksey Ivanovich Silaev ◽  
Lyudmila Denisovna Grishechkina ◽  
Vera Gennadievna Churikova

The effectiveness of the insecticofungicide Prestige, KS, used to protect plants from damage by diseases and damage by pests in the first stages of ontogenesis is shown. Presowing seed treatment with a preparation with a flow rate of 2.5–3.5 l/t reduced the incidence of winter wheat with root rot of rhizoctoniosis etiology by 62.9%. The biological effectiveness of the Prestige, KS (3.5 l / t) on moderately infectious background was also quite high - 59.5%, however, it was 9.0% lower than the standard. It practically did not influence overwintering of plants. After application of Prestige, KS were in the norm of 2.5 and 3.5 l/t, and Maxim Extreme, KS in the norm of 1.75 l/t, the number of plants preserved by spring varied from 91.9 to 92.9%, that is higher than in the control by 3.9–4.9%. The application of insectofungicide Prestige, KS at a rate of 2.5 l/t on spring wheat sowings reduced the number of grain fleas by more than 80.0%and the damage of the stems by the larvae of cereal flies by 74.3%. This preparation  is not phytotoxic with respect to cereals.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
O G Shabaldas ◽  
O M Agafonov ◽  
T G Zelenskaia ◽  
O V Mukhina ◽  
E E Stepanenk

Researches and analysis of the data obtained on the basis of the Armavir Experimental Station of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Oilseeds establish the most effective bacterial preparations, growth stimulants and their combination for soybean cultivation under conditions of unstable moisture on ordinary chernozem. The soybeans yield during the seed treatment with the rhizobial preparation Nitrofix P (2 kg/t) in combination with the film former was the highest and amounted to 1.83 t/ha, which is 0.23 t/ha higher than in the control. It also obtained the maximum collection of plant protein – 0,69 t/ha. The highest yields (1.72–1.83 t/ha) and relatively low production costs allow getting quite high profits (19,472–22,191 rub/ha) with complex soybeans seed treatment with rusobial preparations containing a film former. The maximum profitability in the study of seed treatment with rhizobial preparations was obtained in the variants with the use of the preparations Nitrofiks P and Nitrofiks Zh in combination with the film-forming agent – 95–107 %, which is higher in comparison with the use of bacterial preparations by 2–15 %, and with the control by 12–24 %. The most cost-effective (107 %) was the use of rhizobial Nitrofix preparation in its powder form (2 kg/t) combining with a film former. The obtaining soybeans yield – 1.73 t/ha in the treatment of seeds combining with a rhizobial preparation in combination with a growth stimulator Nagro bioenergetic made it possible to get the highest profit – 19 668 rubles/ha. Given the cost of production and profit per hectare rate, the highest level of profitability was obtained when applying seed treatment with the rhizobial preparation Nitrofiks Zh in combination with Albit and Nagro bioenergetic growth stimulants: 91–94 %. Hence it has been established that the bacterial preparations for treating seeds in combination with a film former and growth stimulant use provides high profits and increases the soybean cultivation profitability level.


Author(s):  
А. Kh. Kulikova ◽  
◽  
G. V. Saidyasheva ◽  

Research on the effectiveness biomodified mineral fertilizers were carried out on the basis of Ulyanovsk SRIA – SamSC RAS branch during the rotation grain fallow five fields crop rotation: pure steam – winter wheat – spring wheat – barley – oats in 2013-2018. The field experiment scheme included options (except control): with the introduction of biologics BisolbiFit (introduction with seeds that were treated before sowing), azofoski N15P15K15, in pure form, modified with biopreparation azofoski in the same dose N15P15K15, half a dose of modified azofoski (N7, 5 P7, 5 K7, 5). The effectiveness of fertilizers and biopreparations in crop cultivation was studied on three backgrounds: natural (control), ammonium nitrate at a dose of 40 kg ai/ha (NH4NO3), and modified ammonium nitrate at a dose of 20 kg DW/ha. It was established that modification of azofoski with Bisolbifit biopreparation can significantly increase the coefficients of use of elements from it by plants. The latter allows to reduce the dose of fertilizer, without reducing the productivity of cultivated crops, twice. Long-term cultivation of crops using only mineral fertilizers and biological products led to a relative decrease in the humus content in the soil and its acidification. For 6 years, the content of humus in the arable layer of leached chernozem decreased by 0.12 %, and the acidity of the soil solution increased by 0.5 pHKCI units. In the conditions of the Volga forest-steppe, when cultivated on chernozems, the highest-yielding winter wheat is (up to 4.00 t / ha or more, in our experiments 3.88-4.80 t / ha). The average yield of spring wheat was 2.68-3.31 t / ha, spring barley 2.67-3.21 t / ha, oats 2.15-2.71 t / ha. The highest productivity of crop rotation was observed against a background with modified ammonium nitrate at a dose of 20 kg ai/ha (½NH4NO3) when applying modified azofoski (N15P15K15). Grain harvest for 2013-2018 in this variant was 13.36 t / ha, exceeding the control variant on this background by 1.31 t / ha.


Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1777
Author(s):  
William F. Schillinger ◽  
David W. Archer

Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) is a cereal feed grain grown annually worldwide on 4.2 million ha. Washington is the leading state for rainfed (i.e., non-irrigated) triticale production in the USA. A 9-year dryland cropping systems project was conducted from 2011 to 2019 near Ritzville, WA to compare winter triticale (WT) with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (WW) grown in (i) a 3-year rotation of WT-spring wheat (SW) -no-till summer fallow (NTF) (ii) a 3-year rotation of WW-SW-undercutter tillage summer fallow (UTF) and (iii) a 2-year WW-UTF rotation, We measured grain yield, grain yield components, straw production, soil water dynamics, and effect on the subsequent SW wheat crop (in the two 3-year rotations). Enterprise budgets were constructed to evaluate the production costs and profitability. Grain yields averaged over the years were 5816, 5087, and 4689 kg/ha for WT, 3-year WW, and 2-year WW, respectively (p < 0.001). Winter triticale used slightly less water than WW (p = 0.019). Contrary to numerous reports in the literature, WT never produced more straw dry biomass than WW. Winter wheat produced many more stems than WT (p < 0.001), but this was compensated by individual stem weight of WT being 60% heavier than that of WW (p < 0.001). Spring wheat yield averaged 2451 vs. 2322 kg/ha after WT and WW, respectively (p = 0.022). The market price for triticale grain was always lower than that for wheat. Winter triticale produced an average of 14 and 24% more grain than 3-year and 2-year WW, respectively, provided foliar fungal disease control, risk reduction, and other rotation benefits, but was not economically competitive with WW. A 15–21% increase in WT price or grain yield would be necessary for the WT rotation to be as profitable as the 3-year and 2-year WW rotations, respectively.


2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Zhanna Minchenko ◽  
Alexander Bashkatov

The results of the research on the assessment of the effectiveness of the application of biological fertilizer Humistim and micronutrient fertilizers MicroFeed Complex and MicroFeed Extra Phosphorus in the cultivation of spring wheat under the conditions of Kursk Region are presented. As a result of the research, it was found that the preparations (Humistim, MicroFeed Complex and MicroFeed Extra Phosphorus) contributed to the better growth and development of spring wheat, reduced the development of leaf-stem diseases, increased the yield and quality of spring wheat grain. Thus, when treating seeds (5 l/t) and crops in the tillering phase and early booting (5 l/ha) with Humistim fertilizer, the development of septoria was 16.4 %, biological efficiency was 36.4 %, the yield of spring wheat increased by 0.55 t/ha, gluten content in the grain by 2.1%, compared with the control variant. When using micronutrient fertilizers MicroFeed Complex and MicroFeed Extra Phosphorus at a rate of 1.5 l/t for seed treatment and 1.5 l/ha for crop treatment in the tillering phase and early booting the biological efficiency was slightly lower and amounted to -32.6-33.7 %, the yield of spring wheat increased by 0.52-0.53 t/ha, the gluten content in the grain by 1.7-1.9 %. Calculations of economic efficiency showed that the treatment of seeds and crops of spring wheat with the biological fertilizer Humistim increased direct production costs by 825 rubl./ha, but due to the increase in yield, the cost of gross production increased by 6,600 rubl./ha, conditional net income by 5,775 rubl./ha, the cost of 1 ton of grain decreased by 511.55 rubles. The efficiency of using fertilizers with micronutrients MicroFeed Complex and MicroFeed Extra Phosphorus with similar methods of application was slightly lower: the value of conditional net income was 27,693.31-30,255.31 rubl./ha. MicroFeed Extra Phosphorus fertilizer provided a minimum increase in conditional net income 2,940 rubles/ha, which is due to its higher cost.


2019 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
A. A. Popov ◽  
G. V. Ovsyannikova ◽  
A. A. Sukharev ◽  
N. G. Dupliy

The use of biological stimulants promotes plant metabolism, which improves the utilization of mineral fertilizers and plant defense mechanisms against the effect of unfavorable factors. The paper discusses the results of winter wheat seed treatment with ‘Agrimitin’ and a fungicide disinfectant ‘Vintsit Forte’. It has been determined that seed treatment with the preparations promoted the increase of winter wheat productivity. In 2017–2018 after seed treatment with ‘Agrimitin’, the average productivity increase was 0.18 t/ha for the winter soft wheat variety ‘Lydia’ and 0.25 t/ ha for the winter durum wheat variety ‘Lazurit’ compared with the productivity of the control variety. The combined use of preparations promoted the productivity increase on 0.37 t / ha for the winter soft wheat and on 0.44 t /ha for the winter durum wheat. The structural analysis of productivity showed that the use of preparations increased the number of productive stems to 580–648 pcs/ m2 in comparison with 564–621 pcs/m2 of the control variety. A number of kernels per ear and mass of kernels per ear of winter soft wheat after seed treatment had no significant increase. Winter durum wheat showed better effect of seed treatment: ‘number of kernels per ear’ increased from 30.6 pcs. to 32.8 pcs., and ‘mass of kernels per ear’ raised from 1.38 g to 1.55 g. The maximum profitability of winter soft and durum wheat production was identified in the variant with a combined use of the preparations ‘Agrimitin’ + ‘Protravitel’ (184.2% and 208.6% respectively). At the same time, the net income rate of winter soft wheat increased on 3,136 rubles/ha and that of winter durum wheat increased on 4,624 rubles/ha, compared to the the net income rate of the control variety (58145 rubles/ ha and 64796 rubles/ha, respectively).


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-149
Author(s):  
Dini Maulana Lestari

This paper will discuss about the immaterial costs and production yields at one of the refined sugar factory companies in Makassar, South Sulawesi. The theory is based on the fact that Immaterial is a cost that is almsgiving, meaning costs that are outside of the basic costs of the company in producing production, so this research aims to find out: (1) what is the production cost needed to produce this production, (2) the maximum level of production at company from 2013 to 2017. This type of research is a quantitative study because it uses a questionnaire in the form of values ​​that are processed using the marginal cost approach formula. The results of the analysis show that (1) the maximum level of production costs occurred in 2016 amounting to 6,912 with an Immaterial cost of Rp. 2,481,796,800 and the total production produced is 359,077.3 tons (2) The required workforce with the total production produced is 359,077.3 tones of 180 people including the maximum production point which means that the lowest value is achieved (optimal).    


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document