scholarly journals Soybean Cultivation Cost-effectiveness Depending on Bacterial Preparations and Growth Stimulants Use

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
O G Shabaldas ◽  
O M Agafonov ◽  
T G Zelenskaia ◽  
O V Mukhina ◽  
E E Stepanenk
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Stimulant Use ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Bacterial Preparations

Researches and analysis of the data obtained on the basis of the Armavir Experimental Station of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Oilseeds establish the most effective bacterial preparations, growth stimulants and their combination for soybean cultivation under conditions of unstable moisture on ordinary chernozem. The soybeans yield during the seed treatment with the rhizobial preparation Nitrofix P (2 kg/t) in combination with the film former was the highest and amounted to 1.83 t/ha, which is 0.23 t/ha higher than in the control. It also obtained the maximum collection of plant protein – 0,69 t/ha. The highest yields (1.72–1.83 t/ha) and relatively low production costs allow getting quite high profits (19,472–22,191 rub/ha) with complex soybeans seed treatment with rusobial preparations containing a film former. The maximum profitability in the study of seed treatment with rhizobial preparations was obtained in the variants with the use of the preparations Nitrofiks P and Nitrofiks Zh in combination with the film-forming agent – 95–107 %, which is higher in comparison with the use of bacterial preparations by 2–15 %, and with the control by 12–24 %. The most cost-effective (107 %) was the use of rhizobial Nitrofix preparation in its powder form (2 kg/t) combining with a film former. The obtaining soybeans yield – 1.73 t/ha in the treatment of seeds combining with a rhizobial preparation in combination with a growth stimulator Nagro bioenergetic made it possible to get the highest profit – 19 668 rubles/ha. Given the cost of production and profit per hectare rate, the highest level of profitability was obtained when applying seed treatment with the rhizobial preparation Nitrofiks Zh in combination with Albit and Nagro bioenergetic growth stimulants: 91–94 %. Hence it has been established that the bacterial preparations for treating seeds in combination with a film former and growth stimulant use provides high profits and increases the soybean cultivation profitability level.

Role of APQP and PPAP in Supply Chain Management

Paradigm ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
V.K. Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Cost

Waves of liberalization are sweeping all over the world breaking political barriers, integrating world capital and financial markets, opening up international trade and freeing import of technology or raw materials from licenses. New challenges and opportunities have been thrown up. The new economic scenario has also brought in risks of increased competition. As the customer is supreme, only those enterprises are going to be successful, which are able to provide goods and services to the customer in a timely cost-effective manner and also provide quality, which not only satisfies him but delights him. This means that the enterprise has to manage its operations in such a way that the production costs and delivery costs are kept to the minimum and margins are optimized. Simultaneously, it has to build a culture of quality and productivity because without that it is just not possible to survive. Finally, to stay always one step ahead of the competition, there has to be an element of creativity. Advance Product Quality Planning and Production Part Approval Process help the organization to be creative and innovative in approach in addressing all customers' related issues. Both these tools are very important while implementing quality management system requirements pertaining to ISO/TS 16949:2002. These tools are generic in nature and can help any type of industry. Effective implementation of PPAP will help the supply chain to improve the quality of the product, reduce the cost by optimal use of resources and maintain on time delivery at competitive cost.

scholarly journals Application of mineral fertilizers and bacterial preparations under sunflower on ordinary chernozem

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Aleksey Viktorovich Vaschenko ◽  
Roman Aleksandrovich Kamenev ◽  
Anatoly Petrovich Solodovnikov ◽  
Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Zhuk
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
Nitrogen Fixers ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Bacterial Preparations

The results of field experiments to study the effect of mineral fertilizers and bacterial preparations on the yield and quality of sunflower seeds are presented. The studies were carried out in 2011–2014  in the Rostov region on medium-power ordinary chernozem. The object of research was a hybrid of sunflower Patriot. The predecessor is winter wheat. Ammonium nitrate, ammophos and potassium chloride in various doses were used as mineral fertilizers, according to the experimental scheme. Fertilizers were introduced before sowing, before the main tillage and pre-sowing cultivation. Bacterial preparations were represented by associative nitrogen fixers of the strains Mizorin, Flavobacterin, PG-5 and 17-1 produced by the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Medicine, Pushkin. In the field experiment, variants of the joint application of mineral fertilizers and presowing treatment of seeds with bacterial preparations were also studied. The control was the variant without the application of mineral fertilizers and bacterial preparations. The Patriot sunflower hybrid seed yield in the control variant on average for 3 years amounted to 1.61 t/ha. A significant increase in the yield of sunflower seeds and oil gathering was established in the variant with pre-sowing application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N40P50. The increase compared to the control variant was 0.53 t/ha, or 34.2%, and in the oil gathering in the crop - 226 kg/ha, or 36.4%. The application of biologics of associative nitrogen fixers contributed to an increase in the yield of sunflower seeds. Inoculation of sunflower seeds with a strain of the biological preparation PG-5 was more effective. The increase in the yield of sunflower seeds amounted to 0.44 t/ha, or 28.6% compared to the variant without the application of fertilizers. The increase in the oil gathering in the crop was  by 29.3%. The application of bacterial preparations under sunflower against a background of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers was ineffective.

Soybean productivity depending on the cultivation technology on ordinary chernozem in the Central Ciscaucasia zone

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-73
Author(s):  
V. K. Dridiger ◽  
R. G. Gadzhiumarov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
The Cost

The existing technology of soybean cultivation with mandatory tillage is quite expensive, when up to 30 % or more of the total costs are spent on preparing the soil for sowing, and most of them are spent on fuel and lubricants, which are becoming more expensive every year. The purpose of the research is to determine the effect of the technology recommended by scientific institutions and the technology of soybean cultivation without tillage with the introduction of various doses of mineral fertilizers on its yield and agrophysical properties of ordinary chernozem in the zone of unstable moisture in the Central Ciscaucasia. The influence of soybean cultivation technology without tillage, depending on the doses of mineral fertilizers, on its growth, development, yield and agrophysical, chemical and biological properties of ordinary chernozem has been studied, and an economic assessment of the studied agricultural practices has been given. Cultivation technologies and applied fertilizers did not significantly affect the quality of soybean seeds. The oil content in soybean seeds for both technologies and all doses of fertilizer application on average over the years of research was in the range of 19,8–20,3 %, protein for the same variants of the experiment contained 41,3–41,7 %, and all differences in these indicators were not statistically significant. When cultivating soybeans using No-till technology the cost of purchasing and applying a continuous herbicide increases by 1280 rubles/ha or by 49,4 % in relation to the recommended technology. However, the recommended technology significantly increases production costs for the purchase of fuel and lubricants – by 3,276 rubles/ha or 232,0 %, the wage fund by 824 rubles/ha or 93,4 %, depreciation and repair of equipment by 891 rubles/ha or 47,0 %. Thus, the biggest economic efficiency has been obtained when using the technology of soybean cultivation without tillage and without applying mineral fertilizers.

Sugar hydrolysis and colour formation in processing

2020 ◽  
pp. 540-548
Author(s):  
Jan Maarten de Bruijn
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Technological Impact ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Required Quality ◽  
White Sugar ◽  
Sugar Hydrolysis

The stability of the sucrose molecule throughout processing is of the utmost importance, because in principle any sugar loss will increase the production costs per tonne of the obtained white sugar. Colour in processing is an important technological parameter too, since only an adequate colour control in processing allows the cost-effective production of white sugar crystals of the required quality. For process control of both sugar hydrolysis and colour formation it is necessary to understand the effect of pH value, temperature and retention time on these phenomena. This paper will describe the possible causes of sugar hydrolysis and colour, as well as how to control pH values and temperature in processing in order to limit the technological impact of both reactions in which invert sugar plays a central role.

scholarly journals Strategies to Produce Cost-Effective Third-Generation Biofuel From Microalgae

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazifa Rafa ◽  
Shams Forruque Ahmed ◽  
Irfan Anjum Badruddin ◽  
M. Mofijur ◽  
Sarfaraz Kamangar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Generation Biofuel

Third-generation biofuel produced from microalgae is a viable solution to global energy insecurity and climate change. Despite an annual current global algal biomass production of 38 million litres, commercialization confronts significant economic challenges. However, cost minimization strategies, particularly for microalgae cultivation, have largely been excluded from recent studies. Therefore, this review provides essential insights into the technologies and economics of cost minimization strategies for large-scale applications. Cultivation of microalgae through aquafarming, in wastewater, or for biogas upgrading, and co-production of value-added products (VAPs) such as photo-bioreactors, protein, astaxanthin, and exopolysaccharides can drastically reduce biodiesel production costs. For instance, the co-production of photo-bioreactors and astaxanthin can reduce the cost of biodiesel production from $3.90 to $0.54 per litre. Though many technical challenges need to be addressed, the economic analysis reveals that incorporating such cost-effective strategies can make the biorefinery concept feasible and profitable. The cost of producing microalgal biodiesel can be lowered to $0.73kg−1 dry weight when cultivated in wastewater or $0.54L−1 when co-produced with VAPs. Most importantly, access to co-product markets with higher VAPs needs to be encouraged as the global market for microalgae-based VAPs is estimated to rise to $53.43 billion in 2026. Therefore, policies that incentivize research and development, as well as the production and consumption of microalgae-based biodiesel, are important to reduce the large gap in production cost that persists between biodiesel and petroleum diesel.

scholarly journals Assessment of Electricity-Free Hydroponics in India: A Proof of Concept Field Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Indira Roy ◽  
Yelena Naumova ◽  
A. J. Both
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Deccan Plateau ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost

Subsistence and smallholder farmers in the Deccan plateau region of India struggle with a predominantly hot and dry climate and often accumulated debt due to the cost of fertilizer that they need to increase yields for profitability. While a low-cost deep-flow technique hydroponic growing system (DFT) as a supplement to soil-based agriculture could help reduce debt, the cost of electricity needed to operate the DFT makes it inaccessible to these farmers. The objective of this project was to test the viability of electricity-free DFT which would substantially reduce production costs. Two DFT systems were set up in a shade net house and prepared with identical nutrients to grow chili pepper seedlings. Each DFT system was oxygenated for 30 minutes per day, one system using an electrical air pump, and the other system was oxygenated manually. After four weeks of growth, the dry mass of the shoots of the chili pepper seedlings in each system was measured. While the pump-oxygenated DFT system produced more dry matter, the manually-oxygenated system produced a larger number of visually healthier plants. Therefore, we conclude that electricity-free DFT hydroponics may be a viable alternative to pump-oxygenated DFT hydroponics, making hydroponic farming a cost-effective option for poor farmers.

Development of cost effective soya extended whey incorporated chicken meat nuggets

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-356
Author(s):  
Veer Pal Singh ◽  
Vikas Pathak ◽  
Narendra Kumar Nayak ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Chicken Nuggets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ice Water

Purpose – This purpose of this paper was to conduct a study with an aim to reduce the cost of chicken nuggets by replacing part of lean meat with soy flakes. The suitability of chilled paneer whey was also assessed in place of ice water. Design/methodology/approach – In the development of chicken nuggets, water-soaked soya flakes at the rate of 20 per cent were used in the formulation. The chilled whey at the rate of 8 per cent of the formulation was used to prevent the rise of temperature during emulsion preparation. Findings – The product prepared in this way gave 5 per cent more yield than normal preparation in which ice water was used. The protein content in the preparation had gone significantly (p < 0.05) higher and moisture significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the normal control. The other proximate composition of chicken nuggets like fat and ash revealed no significant (p > 0.05) change in the product. Initially, thiobarbituric acid value and pH were observed lower in soya flakes-extended nuggets than the control. The overall acceptability was higher, that might be due to good binding and proper emulsion preparations. Research limitations/implications – Some experiments on amino acid profile and fatty acid profile are also required for further know-how about the actual nutritional status of chicken meat nuggets. Practical implications – The products will be of immense value for the nutritional supplement and utilization of by-products like whey. It may also be a cost-effective formulation. Social implications – The products will be acceptable to all commodities because it is made up of chicken meat. Originality/value – The cost of the formulation was also lower than the chicken nuggets used without soya flakes and whey because cost of meat was greater than the soya. The whey produced in paneer production costs less or by-product rich in protein materials can be better utilized into valuable products. The developed product seems to have great applications in the food industry and acceptability among consumers.

scholarly journals Optimization of spring wheat seeding rates in the Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Oleg Ivanovich Goryanin ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Shcherbinina
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Additional Production ◽  
Pure Steam

The results of research on the study of four seeding rates (variants) and two precursors (pure steam and winter soft wheat) in the cultivation of spring durum wheat bezenchukskaya Niva are presented. Against the background of seed treatment with the preparation Baritone (1.4 l / t) on ordinary chernozem for 2016-2018, it was found that the cultivation of wheat by steam, compared with its non-steam predecessor, significantly increased the yield ratio between environmental factors (by 0.99-1.25 t/ha). The highest indicators were found at the rates of 2.0-5.0 million / ha – 3.29-3.33 t / ha, which is 0.99-1.06 t/ha higher than the values obtained for the predecessor of winter wheat. Additional production costs (27.7-29.9 %) for the cultivation of wheat by pure steam, compared with its non-steam predecessor, paid off with an increase in the yield and increased net income by 1.7 – 2.1 times, with the highest indicators for the variant with seeding rates of 1.0 and 2.0 million/ha-15475.0-15685.6 rubles/ha. The maximum level of profitability is set at the rate of 1.0 million / ha-178.7 %, which is 29.2-76.7% higher than other options for pure steam and 67.6-114.3 % of options with seeding rates for non-steam predecessor.

scholarly journals Assessment of the role and significance of the cost formation process in the activities of organizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-C) ◽  
pp. 314-319
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Gura ◽  
Aleksandr N. Sekisov ◽  
Oksana A. Kuznetsova ◽  
Victoria I. Kalombo Mulamba ◽  
Evgeniya S. Tishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The article presents a comparative analysis of various approaches to the formation of production costs. The study estimates the role of costs in the production and economic activities of companies in a market environment. At the same time, the assessment considered the impact of the problem of limited resources on the activities of production systems, which is possible to solve only with the active use of alternative ways in organizing the functioning of the cost-effective mechanism of enterprises.    

The IBM-PC in electron microscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 612-613
Author(s):  
James F. Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Financial Applications ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Instrument Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Training And Support ◽  
Control Image ◽  
Ibm Pc

IBM PC compatible computers are widely used in microscopy for applications ranging from control to image acquisition and analysis. The choice of IBM-PC based systems over competing computer platforms can be based on technical merit alone or on a number of factors relating to economics, availability of peripherals, management dictum, or simple personal preference.IBM-PC got a strong “head start” by first dominating clerical, document processing and financial applications. The use of these computers spilled into the laboratory where the DOS based IBM-PC replaced mini-computers. Compared to minicomputer, the PC provided a more for cost-effective platform for applications in numerical analysis, engineering and design, instrument control, image acquisition and image processing. In addition, the sitewide use of a common PC platform could reduce the cost of training and support services relative to cases where many different computer platforms were used. This could be especially true for the microscopists who must use computers in both the laboratory and the office.

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